Oxygen pressure acid leaching of artificial sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation

The mechanism of oxygen pressure acid leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation was investigated in this study.Artificial sphalerite was fabricated with varying amounts of iron content via the sintering of ZnS and FeS and used for the pressure acid leaching experiment.The variations in the potential of the pressure leaching system were investigated by using a self-designed potential autoclave.The results showed that compared to the non-iron sphalerite,there was a violent redox reaction between the 25.70%Fe-artificial sphalerite and dissolved oxygen during the process of pressure leaching;and the catalytic mechanism was attributed to the redox couple Fe^3+/Fe^2+,where Fe3+oxidizes the H2S gas film and the reduced Fe2+state is subsequently oxidized by the dissolved oxygen.Furthermore,the effect of temperature,H2SO4 concentration,and oxygen partial pressure on the artificial sphalerite with different iron contents was studied.The sphalerite samples with iron content were observed to dissolve more easily in sulfuric acid compared to the non-iron samples.Moreover,the activation energy of artificial sphalerite was observed to be lower in the sample with 25.70%iron content(22.26 kJ/mol)compared to that with no iron(32.31 kJ/mol);and the apparent reaction orders were obtained with respect to H2SO4 concentration(1.10 and 1.36)and oxygen partial pressure(1.29 and 1.41),respectively.A comprehensive kinetic model was developed on the basis of the experimental data and the fitted leaching ratio plot;and the kinetic equations for the leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation were determined.

内源Fe^(2+)活化过硫酸盐联合生物炭增强厌氧消化污泥脱水性能的研究

为实现厌氧消化污泥脱水性能提升,利用厌氧消化污泥内源Fe^(2+)活化过硫酸盐(PDS)联合核桃壳生物炭开展其脱水性能调理,并探讨了作用机理。结果表明,调理体系在pH值为6、PDS质量浓度为6.2 g/L、生物炭投加量为25.6 g/L、粒径范围125~150μm条件下,低压抽滤后泥饼含水率为70.3%,厌氧消化污泥的毛细吸水时间(CST)降低至114.7 s,CST降低率达到81.3%,脱水性能明显提升。在调理过程中,PDS氧化污泥中含铁矿物释放内源Fe^(2+),进一步活化PDS生成·SO_(4)^(-)和·OH,降解胞外聚合物(EPS),释放结合水,显著增强厌氧消化污泥脱水性能;生物炭能够吸附EPS中的亲水性有机物,并提供骨架支撑作用,实现脱水性能进一步提升。对抽滤后泥饼重金属分级提取结果表明,调理体系能够明显削弱污泥固相重金属的环境浸出能力,并降低其浸出毒性;环境效益成本比值(BCR)结果表明提出的联合调理手段可行性较强,需进一步研究实现工业化应用。

Fruiting increases total content of flavonoids and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru D.C. cladodes in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro

Objective: To evaluate the influence of fruiting phenological stage on total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru(C. jamacaru)(mandacaru) cladodes and fruit. Methods: Fruit and cladodes at vegetative and fruiting stage of C. jamacaru were collected. The fruit was dissected and bark, pulp, and seeds were separated. Vegetative and fruiting cladodes, together with bark, pulp, and seeds were used to obtain five hydroalcoholic extracts. The extracts were investigated for total flavonoid content, using AlCl3 colorimetric method, antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity and Fe^(2+) ion chelating activity, and in vitro antiproliferative effects(sarcoma 180 cells) by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: The extract of C. jamacaru cladodes at the fruiting stage showed higher flavonoid content compared to the other extracts. Seed extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and the extract of cladodes at vegetative stage showed better antioxidant activity in Fe^(2+) ion chelating activity. The extract of fruiting cladodes promoted higher antiproliferative effects compared to the other extracts. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fruiting increases the content of flavonoids and antiproliferative effects of C. jamacaru cladodes. Data reinforce the potential use of C. jamacaru cladodes and fruits as natural antioxidants and potent anticancer agent.