The genetic diversity and relationships of seven Chinese indigenous pig breeds （Meishan, Erhualian, Hezuo, Bamei, Qingping, Tongcheng, and Huainan） and three exotic pig breeds （Large White, Landrace, and Duroc） we...The genetic diversity and relationships of seven Chinese indigenous pig breeds （Meishan, Erhualian, Hezuo, Bamei, Qingping, Tongcheng, and Huainan） and three exotic pig breeds （Large White, Landrace, and Duroc） were analyzed using the DNA differential display technique by means of eight primer combinations. A total of 123 reproducible bands were used to calculate mean Nei＇s gene diversity, and mean Shannon＇s information index for each pig population. Based on these the Nei＇s standard genetic identity and distance were estimated, which was used to construct a dendrogram tree for the 10 pig breeds. The experimental results obtained and the method used in this study for evaluating the genetic diversity and relationships of pigs were also discussed.展开更多
Nine Chinese yak breeds （Maiwa, Tianzhu White, Qinghai Plateau, Sibu, Zhongdian, Pali, Tibetan High Mountain, Jiulong, and Xinjiang） and Gayal were analyzed by means of 16 microsatellite markers to determine the lev...Nine Chinese yak breeds （Maiwa, Tianzhu White, Qinghai Plateau, Sibu, Zhongdian, Pali, Tibetan High Mountain, Jiulong, and Xinjiang） and Gayal were analyzed by means of 16 microsatellite markers to determine the level of genetic variation within populations, genetic relationship between populations, and population structure for each breed. A total of 206 microsatellite alleles were observed. Mean F-statistics （0.056） for 9 yak breeds indicated that 94.4% of the genetic variation was observed within yak breeds and 5.6% of the genetic variation existed amongst breeds. The Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed based on Nei＇s standard genetic distances and two clusters were obtained. The Gayal separated from the yaks far away and formed one cluster and 9 yak breeds were grouped together. The analysis of population structure for 9 yak breeds and the Gayal showed that they resulted in four clusters; one cluster includes yaks from Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, one cluster combines Zhongdian, Maiwa, and Tianzhu White, and Jiulong and Xinjiang come into the third cluster. Pali was mainly in the first cluster （90%）, Jiulong was mainly in the second cluster （87.1%）, Zhongdian was primarily in the third cluster （83%）, and the other yak breeds were distributed in two to three clusters. The Gayal was positively left in the fourth cluster （99.3%）.展开更多
A total of seventeen caprine microsatellite markers were used on 169 goats to investigate genetic diversity of eight Cameroon native goat populations and to assess genetic differentiation with the East African small g...A total of seventeen caprine microsatellite markers were used on 169 goats to investigate genetic diversity of eight Cameroon native goat populations and to assess genetic differentiation with the East African small goat. All microsatellites showed a high polymorphic content （PIC） of more than 0.5 in almost all ecotypes. These microsatellite markers were useful for native goat ecotypes variability assessment. Expected heterozygosity of all ecotypes was above 0.5, varying from 0.2 to 0.7. Only goats from Eastern rainforest ecotype deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test （P 〉 0.001）. Although geographic distribution was a good indication of differentiation, there appeared a tendency of genetic exchange between various ecotypes in Cameroon native goats.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and...[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） and international Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, six pairs （S0155, SW240, IGF1, SW951, SW857, SW24） were selected for microsatellite DNA detection of three Guizhou local pig breeds, including Nuogu Pig, Kele Pig and Guanling Pig. Subsequently, their genetic diversities were analyzed. [ Result] The three pig breeds were high polymorphic at the six microsatellite loci （PIC 〉0.5）. The Nei＇s standard genetic distance of them was 0.206 3 -0.481 5. The genetic distance between Nuogu Pig and Kele Pig Was the closest, and that between Nuogu Pig and Guanling Pig was the furthest. [ Conclusion] The three Guizhou local pig breeds are in high genetic diversities. Nuogu Pig is a special type of Kele Pig, an excellent Chinese local pig breed.展开更多
China is rich in chicken genetic resources,; many indigenous breeds can be found throughout the country. Due to poor productive ability, some of them are threatened by the commercial varieties from domestic; foreign b...China is rich in chicken genetic resources,; many indigenous breeds can be found throughout the country. Due to poor productive ability, some of them are threatened by the commercial varieties from domestic; foreign breeding companies. In a large-scale investigation into the current status of Chinese poultry genetic resources, 78 indigenous chicken breeds were surveyed; their blood samples collected. The genomes of these chickens were screened using microsatellite analysis. A total of 2740 individuals were genotyped for 27 microsatellite markers on 13 chromosomes. The number of alleles of the 27 markers ranged from 6 to 51 per locus with a mean of 18.74. Heterozygosity (H) values of the 78 chicken breeds were all more than 0.5. The average H value (0.622); polymorphism information content (PIC, 0.573) of these breeds suggested that the Chinese indigenous chickens possessed more genetic diversity than that reported in many other countries. The fixation coefficients of subpopulations within the total population (F ST) for the 27 loci varied from 0.065 (LEI0166) to 0.209 (MCW0078), with a mean of 0.106. For all detected microsatellite loci, only one (LEI0194) deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) across all the populations. As genetic drift or non-random mating can occur in small populations, breeds kept on conservation farms such as Langshan chicken generally had lower H values, while those kept on large populations within conservation regions possessed higher polymorphisms. The high genetic diversity in Chinese indigenous breeds is in agreement with great phenotypic variation of these breeds. Using Nei’s genetic distance; the Neighbor-Joining method, the indigenous Chinese chickens were classified into six categories that were generally consistent with their geographic distributions. The molecular information of genetic diversity will play an important role in conservation, supervision,; utilization of the chicken resources.展开更多
[Objective] The genetic background of four types of fragrance pigs was studied using microsatellite molecular markers,in order to fully understand the genetic resources of miniature pigs in China.[Method] Using 27 pai...[Objective] The genetic background of four types of fragrance pigs was studied using microsatellite molecular markers,in order to fully understand the genetic resources of miniature pigs in China.[Method] Using 27 pairs of microsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization（FAO）and International Society for Animal Genetics（ISAG）,we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types（Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig）,and analyzed their Inter-and intra-breed genetic variations.[Result]The 23 loci detected in the test were high polymorphic;the mean heterozygosity（H） of Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig were 0.683 6,0.667 9,0.697 3 and 0.702 2,and their mean polymorphism information contents（PIC） were 0.6263,0.6063,0.6420 and 0.6415,respectively.[Conclusion]Four types of fragrance pigs detected in the test all had high intra-breed genetic variability.展开更多
To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus ...To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus and one conservation herd from Yunnan,China.Twenty haplotypes with sixteen polymorphic sites were identified.The number of haplotypes in the nucleus herd of Saba pig and the conservation herd of Banna miniature pig were restricted to three and one,respectively,while the randomly bred pig populations exhibited over six haplotypes.Notably,haplotype diversity in randomly bred populations was significantly greater than the selectively bred populations（h=0.732 vs.0.425 and 0,exact test,P≤0.0036）.These findings demonstrate that selective breeding generated low genetic diversity compared to randomly bred pig breeds.A timely intervention and well programmed breeding approach would stop further genetic diversity reduction in the nucleus and conservation herds of native pig breeds.Otherwise,selective breeding would dramatically reduce genetic diversity in only several years,indicating that sharp contradictions exist between breeding,conservation and genetic diversity.Genetic relationships are discussed based on net genetic distances among pig populations.展开更多
Seventeen microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic variation and population structure of six endangered duck populations in China. PIC, heterozygosity with two estimators of genetic differentiation （FST an...Seventeen microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic variation and population structure of six endangered duck populations in China. PIC, heterozygosity with two estimators of genetic differentiation （FST and GST）, and Nei＇s standard genetic distance were evaluated. The results showed that these six endangered duck populations showed high polymorphism. The propor- tion of inter-population subdivision among the six duck populations ranged between 17.0 and 14.7%. The average heterozygosity was 0.706, 0.702, 0.691, 0.676, 0.604, and 0.660 in the Gaoyou, Liancheng, Jinding, Beijing, Shaoxing, and Jianchang ducks, respectively. The average PIC ranged from 0.561 to 0.663. Finally, the results showed higher genetic diversity and difference above the levels of genetic variation among all the populations.展开更多
The aim of our present study was to construct genetic structure and relationships among Chinese fine-wool sheep breeds. 46 individuals from 25 breeds or strains were genotyped based on the Illumina Ovine 50K SNP array...The aim of our present study was to construct genetic structure and relationships among Chinese fine-wool sheep breeds. 46 individuals from 25 breeds or strains were genotyped based on the Illumina Ovine 50K SNP array. Meanwhile, genetic variations among 482 individuals from 9 populations were genotyped with 10 microsatellites. In this study, we found high genetic polymorphisms for the microsatellites, while 7 loci in the Chinese superfine Merino strain （Xinjiang types） （CMS） and 5 loci in Gansu alpine superfine-wool sheep strain （GSS） groups were found deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （HWE）. Genetic drift FsT=0.019 （P〈0.001） and high gene flows were detected in all the 7 fine-wool sheep populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed fine-wool sheep populations were clustered in a group independent from the Chinese indigenous breeds such that the 7 fine-wool sheep clustered distinct from Liangshan semifine-wool sheep （LS） and Hu sheep （HY） reflected by different population differentiation analyses. Overall, our findings suggested that all fine-wool sheep populations have close genetic relationship, which is consistent with their breeding progress. These populations, therefore, can be regarded as open-breeding populations with high levels of gene flows. Furthermore, the two superfine-wool strains, viz., CMS and GSS, might be formed by strong artificial selection and with frequent introduction of Australian Merino. Our results can assist in breeding of superfine-wool sheep and provide guidance for the cultivation of new fine-wool sheep breeds with different breeding objectives.展开更多
A total of 587 individuals from 12 indigenous chicken breeds from South China and two commercial breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellites to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure.All microsate...A total of 587 individuals from 12 indigenous chicken breeds from South China and two commercial breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellites to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure.All microsatellites were found to be polymorphic.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 36,with an average of12.10±7.00(SE).All breeds,except White Recessive Rock,had high allelic polymorphism(>0.5).Higher genetic diversity was revealed in the indigenous chicken breeds rather than in the commercial breeds.Potential introgression from the commercial breeds into the indigenous chickens was also detected.The population structure of these indigenous chicken breeds could be explained by their geographical distribution,which suggested the presence of independent history of breed formation.Data generated in this study will provide valuable information to the conservation for indigenous chicken breeds in future.展开更多
文摘The genetic diversity and relationships of seven Chinese indigenous pig breeds （Meishan, Erhualian, Hezuo, Bamei, Qingping, Tongcheng, and Huainan） and three exotic pig breeds （Large White, Landrace, and Duroc） were analyzed using the DNA differential display technique by means of eight primer combinations. A total of 123 reproducible bands were used to calculate mean Nei＇s gene diversity, and mean Shannon＇s information index for each pig population. Based on these the Nei＇s standard genetic identity and distance were estimated, which was used to construct a dendrogram tree for the 10 pig breeds. The experimental results obtained and the method used in this study for evaluating the genetic diversity and relationships of pigs were also discussed.
文摘Nine Chinese yak breeds （Maiwa, Tianzhu White, Qinghai Plateau, Sibu, Zhongdian, Pali, Tibetan High Mountain, Jiulong, and Xinjiang） and Gayal were analyzed by means of 16 microsatellite markers to determine the level of genetic variation within populations, genetic relationship between populations, and population structure for each breed. A total of 206 microsatellite alleles were observed. Mean F-statistics （0.056） for 9 yak breeds indicated that 94.4% of the genetic variation was observed within yak breeds and 5.6% of the genetic variation existed amongst breeds. The Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed based on Nei＇s standard genetic distances and two clusters were obtained. The Gayal separated from the yaks far away and formed one cluster and 9 yak breeds were grouped together. The analysis of population structure for 9 yak breeds and the Gayal showed that they resulted in four clusters; one cluster includes yaks from Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, one cluster combines Zhongdian, Maiwa, and Tianzhu White, and Jiulong and Xinjiang come into the third cluster. Pali was mainly in the first cluster （90%）, Jiulong was mainly in the second cluster （87.1%）, Zhongdian was primarily in the third cluster （83%）, and the other yak breeds were distributed in two to three clusters. The Gayal was positively left in the fourth cluster （99.3%）.
文摘A total of seventeen caprine microsatellite markers were used on 169 goats to investigate genetic diversity of eight Cameroon native goat populations and to assess genetic differentiation with the East African small goat. All microsatellites showed a high polymorphic content （PIC） of more than 0.5 in almost all ecotypes. These microsatellite markers were useful for native goat ecotypes variability assessment. Expected heterozygosity of all ecotypes was above 0.5, varying from 0.2 to 0.7. Only goats from Eastern rainforest ecotype deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test （P 〉 0.001）. Although geographic distribution was a good indication of differentiation, there appeared a tendency of genetic exchange between various ecotypes in Cameroon native goats.
基金Supported by Key Project of Agriculture in Guizhou Province (NY[2008]3042)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） and international Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, six pairs （S0155, SW240, IGF1, SW951, SW857, SW24） were selected for microsatellite DNA detection of three Guizhou local pig breeds, including Nuogu Pig, Kele Pig and Guanling Pig. Subsequently, their genetic diversities were analyzed. [ Result] The three pig breeds were high polymorphic at the six microsatellite loci （PIC 〉0.5）. The Nei＇s standard genetic distance of them was 0.206 3 -0.481 5. The genetic distance between Nuogu Pig and Kele Pig Was the closest, and that between Nuogu Pig and Guanling Pig was the furthest. [ Conclusion] The three Guizhou local pig breeds are in high genetic diversities. Nuogu Pig is a special type of Kele Pig, an excellent Chinese local pig breed.
基金supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30225032)Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education(No.20020019011)and the Ministry of Agriculture of China.
文摘China is rich in chicken genetic resources,; many indigenous breeds can be found throughout the country. Due to poor productive ability, some of them are threatened by the commercial varieties from domestic; foreign breeding companies. In a large-scale investigation into the current status of Chinese poultry genetic resources, 78 indigenous chicken breeds were surveyed; their blood samples collected. The genomes of these chickens were screened using microsatellite analysis. A total of 2740 individuals were genotyped for 27 microsatellite markers on 13 chromosomes. The number of alleles of the 27 markers ranged from 6 to 51 per locus with a mean of 18.74. Heterozygosity (H) values of the 78 chicken breeds were all more than 0.5. The average H value (0.622); polymorphism information content (PIC, 0.573) of these breeds suggested that the Chinese indigenous chickens possessed more genetic diversity than that reported in many other countries. The fixation coefficients of subpopulations within the total population (F ST) for the 27 loci varied from 0.065 (LEI0166) to 0.209 (MCW0078), with a mean of 0.106. For all detected microsatellite loci, only one (LEI0194) deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) across all the populations. As genetic drift or non-random mating can occur in small populations, breeds kept on conservation farms such as Langshan chicken generally had lower H values, while those kept on large populations within conservation regions possessed higher polymorphisms. The high genetic diversity in Chinese indigenous breeds is in agreement with great phenotypic variation of these breeds. Using Nei’s genetic distance; the Neighbor-Joining method, the indigenous Chinese chickens were classified into six categories that were generally consistent with their geographic distributions. The molecular information of genetic diversity will play an important role in conservation, supervision,; utilization of the chicken resources.
基金Supported by Annual Experimental Animal Research Topics of Guizhou Science and Technology Department(2004JN0029)
文摘[Objective] The genetic background of four types of fragrance pigs was studied using microsatellite molecular markers,in order to fully understand the genetic resources of miniature pigs in China.[Method] Using 27 pairs of microsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization（FAO）and International Society for Animal Genetics（ISAG）,we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types（Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig）,and analyzed their Inter-and intra-breed genetic variations.[Result]The 23 loci detected in the test were high polymorphic;the mean heterozygosity（H） of Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig were 0.683 6,0.667 9,0.697 3 and 0.702 2,and their mean polymorphism information contents（PIC） were 0.6263,0.6063,0.6420 and 0.6415,respectively.[Conclusion]Four types of fragrance pigs detected in the test all had high intra-breed genetic variability.
基金supported by research grants of the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815700 2006CB102100)Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, and Natural Science Foundation of China (30621092)
文摘To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations,we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs.These samples represented four native pig breeds,one nucleus and one conservation herd from Yunnan,China.Twenty haplotypes with sixteen polymorphic sites were identified.The number of haplotypes in the nucleus herd of Saba pig and the conservation herd of Banna miniature pig were restricted to three and one,respectively,while the randomly bred pig populations exhibited over six haplotypes.Notably,haplotype diversity in randomly bred populations was significantly greater than the selectively bred populations（h=0.732 vs.0.425 and 0,exact test,P≤0.0036）.These findings demonstrate that selective breeding generated low genetic diversity compared to randomly bred pig breeds.A timely intervention and well programmed breeding approach would stop further genetic diversity reduction in the nucleus and conservation herds of native pig breeds.Otherwise,selective breeding would dramatically reduce genetic diversity in only several years,indicating that sharp contradictions exist between breeding,conservation and genetic diversity.Genetic relationships are discussed based on net genetic distances among pig populations.
基金This work was supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) (No. 2001AA243082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30170673).
文摘Seventeen microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic variation and population structure of six endangered duck populations in China. PIC, heterozygosity with two estimators of genetic differentiation （FST and GST）, and Nei＇s standard genetic distance were evaluated. The results showed that these six endangered duck populations showed high polymorphism. The propor- tion of inter-population subdivision among the six duck populations ranged between 17.0 and 14.7%. The average heterozygosity was 0.706, 0.702, 0.691, 0.676, 0.604, and 0.660 in the Gaoyou, Liancheng, Jinding, Beijing, Shaoxing, and Jianchang ducks, respectively. The average PIC ranged from 0.561 to 0.663. Finally, the results showed higher genetic diversity and difference above the levels of genetic variation among all the populations.
基金sponsored by the Earmarked Fund for Modern China Wool & Cashmere Technology Research System (CARS-40-03)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (31402057)Project support was provided by the ASTIP (Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program) for Genetic Resource and Breeding of Fine-Wool Sheep, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The aim of our present study was to construct genetic structure and relationships among Chinese fine-wool sheep breeds. 46 individuals from 25 breeds or strains were genotyped based on the Illumina Ovine 50K SNP array. Meanwhile, genetic variations among 482 individuals from 9 populations were genotyped with 10 microsatellites. In this study, we found high genetic polymorphisms for the microsatellites, while 7 loci in the Chinese superfine Merino strain （Xinjiang types） （CMS） and 5 loci in Gansu alpine superfine-wool sheep strain （GSS） groups were found deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （HWE）. Genetic drift FsT=0.019 （P〈0.001） and high gene flows were detected in all the 7 fine-wool sheep populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed fine-wool sheep populations were clustered in a group independent from the Chinese indigenous breeds such that the 7 fine-wool sheep clustered distinct from Liangshan semifine-wool sheep （LS） and Hu sheep （HY） reflected by different population differentiation analyses. Overall, our findings suggested that all fine-wool sheep populations have close genetic relationship, which is consistent with their breeding progress. These populations, therefore, can be regarded as open-breeding populations with high levels of gene flows. Furthermore, the two superfine-wool strains, viz., CMS and GSS, might be formed by strong artificial selection and with frequent introduction of Australian Merino. Our results can assist in breeding of superfine-wool sheep and provide guidance for the cultivation of new fine-wool sheep breeds with different breeding objectives.
基金supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2014A030307018)Innovation and strong school project of Jiaying University(CQX019)+1 种基金Outstanding Young Teacher Training Program of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Yq2013152)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2015A020208020,2016A030303068)
文摘A total of 587 individuals from 12 indigenous chicken breeds from South China and two commercial breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellites to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure.All microsatellites were found to be polymorphic.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 36,with an average of12.10±7.00(SE).All breeds,except White Recessive Rock,had high allelic polymorphism(>0.5).Higher genetic diversity was revealed in the indigenous chicken breeds rather than in the commercial breeds.Potential introgression from the commercial breeds into the indigenous chickens was also detected.The population structure of these indigenous chicken breeds could be explained by their geographical distribution,which suggested the presence of independent history of breed formation.Data generated in this study will provide valuable information to the conservation for indigenous chicken breeds in future.
