Through using game theory,a game model of lendingand borrowing money between banks and individuals isestablished to explain how the risks come into being and are transferred in the dynamic point of view.Some sug-gesti...Through using game theory,a game model of lendingand borrowing money between banks and individuals isestablished to explain how the risks come into being and are transferred in the dynamic point of view.Some sug-gestions about how to avoid the risks are proposed.展开更多
This paper analyses the game model between the individual and the group that has the characteristics of Stackelberg model in traditional game theory and replicator dynamic model in evolutionary game theory. In the fir...This paper analyses the game model between the individual and the group that has the characteristics of Stackelberg model in traditional game theory and replicator dynamic model in evolutionary game theory. In the first phase of game, the bounded rationality group players adopt the replicator dynamic behavior. Secondly, the full rationality individual player decides the own response function by the strategies distribution of group players. The shortsighted individual player will take the risk-dominant strategy. This model has some unique characteristics.展开更多
The US egg industry is progressively adopting alternative housing systems for laying hens.Provision of nesting places accommodates natural behaviors and may improve the welfare of the laying hen.However,some fundament...The US egg industry is progressively adopting alternative housing systems for laying hens.Provision of nesting places accommodates natural behaviors and may improve the welfare of the laying hen.However,some fundamental questions remain about nesting behaviors of hens under different housing conditions,which would impact system design and management.For instance,how long does a hen use nest per day for egg laying or nest exploration?How many hens nest simultaneously?In such schemes,information on hens’behavioral and production responses of hens remains relatively sparse.The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate that RFID technology can be used to continuously quantify dynamic nesting behaviors of individual laying hens in a 60-hen enriched colony housing(ECH).Results show that hens spent on average 63.7±1.4 min(mean±SE)in the nest box and made 23.4±0.7 nest visits during a 16 h daily light period.Time spent in and visits to the nest box during the 6 h laying period accounted for 56% and 45% of the light-period value,respectively.Maximum nest occupancy was 29.0%±0.4%.Three distinct phases of egg production in nest boxes were observed:initial(1.5 h),peak(3.2 h,egg laying rate of 0.24±0.01 eggs/min),and late(1.3 h).The majority(95.1%±0.6%)of the daily eggs were laid in the nest box.Considerable variations in nesting behavior among individual hens and day-to-day variations for a given hen were observed.The RFID system will enable researchers to examine the impacts of resource allocations on nesting behaviors of laying hens in alternative hen housing.展开更多
文摘Through using game theory,a game model of lendingand borrowing money between banks and individuals isestablished to explain how the risks come into being and are transferred in the dynamic point of view.Some sug-gestions about how to avoid the risks are proposed.
基金The paper was supported by ＇Excellent Innovative Research Group Funds Project from National Science Foundation （Ratifying No. 7012001）＇ and the National Nature Science Foundation （Ratifying No. 70371038） .
文摘This paper analyses the game model between the individual and the group that has the characteristics of Stackelberg model in traditional game theory and replicator dynamic model in evolutionary game theory. In the first phase of game, the bounded rationality group players adopt the replicator dynamic behavior. Secondly, the full rationality individual player decides the own response function by the strategies distribution of group players. The shortsighted individual player will take the risk-dominant strategy. This model has some unique characteristics.
文摘The US egg industry is progressively adopting alternative housing systems for laying hens.Provision of nesting places accommodates natural behaviors and may improve the welfare of the laying hen.However,some fundamental questions remain about nesting behaviors of hens under different housing conditions,which would impact system design and management.For instance,how long does a hen use nest per day for egg laying or nest exploration?How many hens nest simultaneously?In such schemes,information on hens’behavioral and production responses of hens remains relatively sparse.The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate that RFID technology can be used to continuously quantify dynamic nesting behaviors of individual laying hens in a 60-hen enriched colony housing(ECH).Results show that hens spent on average 63.7±1.4 min(mean±SE)in the nest box and made 23.4±0.7 nest visits during a 16 h daily light period.Time spent in and visits to the nest box during the 6 h laying period accounted for 56% and 45% of the light-period value,respectively.Maximum nest occupancy was 29.0%±0.4%.Three distinct phases of egg production in nest boxes were observed:initial(1.5 h),peak(3.2 h,egg laying rate of 0.24±0.01 eggs/min),and late(1.3 h).The majority(95.1%±0.6%)of the daily eggs were laid in the nest box.Considerable variations in nesting behavior among individual hens and day-to-day variations for a given hen were observed.The RFID system will enable researchers to examine the impacts of resource allocations on nesting behaviors of laying hens in alternative hen housing.
