Study on the Effect of Indolebutyric Acid-Lanthanum Chelate on Vegetable Growth and Its Molecular Mechanism

In order to reduce the non-point source pollution caused by the large or excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,this study was aimed to develop new alternative functional substances.The effects of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on seed germination and tomato seedling growth were studied by germination test of cucumber and tomato seeds and pot experiment of tomato seedlings.The results showed that the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate could promote the germination and growth of tomato and cucumber seeds.Among them,0.02 mg/L of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate is the optimum concentration for tomato and cucumber seed germination.When the concentration is 0.1 mg/L,it is the optimum concentration for radicle and hypocotyl growth.In the pot experiment,when the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on tomato seedlings was 0.5 mg/L,the plant height,stem diameter,aboveground biomass,underground biomass and leaf area of tomato seedlings could be significantly promoted.At the same time,the absorption of the main elements P,K,Mg and trace elements Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Na and their transfer from the underground part to the aboveground part of the seedlings were enhanced.The relative expression of the tomato expansion protein genes leEXP2,leEXP18 and leEXP5 was also significantly increased.Therefore,the suitable concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate has the effect of promoting root growth and promoting the quality of tomato seedlings.

Vegetative propagation ofAesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） @ 2000, 4000 （ppm）, indolebutyric acid （IBA） @ 2000, 4000 （ppm） and naphthlcetic acid （NAA） @ 2000, 4000 （ppm） in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments. The highest rooting rate （50%） was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate. All other treatments along with control （talc powder） failed to induce rooting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation ofA. indica under Kashmir conditions.

Vegetative propagation of Aesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm), indolebutyric acid(IBA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm) and naphthlcetic acid(NAA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm) in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar.The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments.The highest rooting rate(50%) was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm.The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate.All other treatments along with control(talc powder) failed to induce rooting.It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation of A.indica under Kashmir conditions.

Asexual Propagation of Sheanut Tree (<i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i>C.F. Gaertn.) Using a Container Layering Technique

In spite of the economic potential of the sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa), its domestication still has not been achieved due to the long juvenile period of seed propagated plants and the absence of a reliable vegetative propagation method. Three experiments were conducted by using a modified container layering technique to investigate the effects of season (rainy and dry season), light treatments (etiolation and natural light) and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation in juvenile and mature sheanut trees. The effect of light treatments on the internal conditions such as level of sugars (soluble, insoluble and total sugars) and total free phenols in layered sheanut shoots was also considered. Rooting was generally lower in the mature trees (27.9%) compared to that in juvenile 4 year-old plants (40.9%). Etiolation increased the levels of total sugars and phenols in shoots of 4-year-old plants and mature fruit bearing trees, but this increase did not significantly enhance rooting in both the juvenile and mature sheanut trees. The container layering technique holds promise as a method for the asexual propagation of sheanut planting material. Roots formed using this method looked healthy and were vertically orientated giving layered shoots a better chance at survival.