Three representative types of houses in Beijing were selected and, in each type, smoking and nonsmoking households were compared. IP, RP. and CO concentrations in the living room and kitchen were monitored during each...Three representative types of houses in Beijing were selected and, in each type, smoking and nonsmoking households were compared. IP, RP. and CO concentrations in the living room and kitchen were monitored during each season. and the level of COHb in the heads of the households were measured. The study showed that indoor air pollution was rather severe, especially during winter. when paniculate concentrations markedly exceeded the standard and CO concentration was as high as 47 ppm. Indoor air pollution was closely related to the type of house, particularly to the mode of heating. In houses. of the same type, pollution improved greatly after central heating facilities were installed. Analysis of 30 elements revealed that pollution was typically caused by coal burning. aggravated by dusty wind, but high indoor Pb levels were probably due to the use of LPG for cooking. In our study the effect of cigarette smoking was sometimes masked by the severe indoor pollution. (C)1990 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Actually is recognized the importance of indoor air environment and associated health risks. In order to evaluate indoor air quality and to characterize the particles in terms of size, composition and shape were done ...Actually is recognized the importance of indoor air environment and associated health risks. In order to evaluate indoor air quality and to characterize the particles in terms of size, composition and shape were done measurements of the suspended particulate matter in a mechanical workshop of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). These measurements were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and image digital analysis. To differentiation of individual particles in the fine- ultrafine fraction, in some case, was used the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multivariate statistics, such as hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis were appliqued and allowed to establish groups of elements and in this way to facilitate the identification of the natural and anthropogenic sources. It is confirmed that indoor air is influenced by outdoor surroundings and the anthropogenic sources due to the daily activity.展开更多
Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)are ubiquitous and important pollutants in indoor environments.The strong partition between gas phase and suspended particles has significant effects on the transport,human exposu...Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)are ubiquitous and important pollutants in indoor environments.The strong partition between gas phase and suspended particles has significant effects on the transport,human exposure via inhalation,and control strategies of indoor SVOCs.Several models have been developed to simulate the gas–particle partitioning of indoor SVOCs,including a steady-state model by expanding the steady-state model suitable for the outdoor environment to indoor environments.However,the effects of two important indoor environment-specific parameters,i.e.,the particle size distribution(PSD)and the air-change rate(ACH),were not considered in the existing steady-state model,leading to the inaccurate predictions among buildings.To solve this problem,this study developed a novel steady-state model to more comprehensively simulate the gas-particle partitioning of indoor SVOCs by incorporating the effects of PSD and ACH.Better agreement between the predictions of the novel model and the results collected via both field tests and laboratory tests(retrieved from two different studies)supported the effectiveness of the improvements in the novel model.Sensitivity analysis further supported the necessity of involving PSD and ACH.Further implications of the novel model were also discussed.This study should be helpful for deepening the understanding and accurate simulation of the gas-particle partitioning,as well as the transport and human exposure via inhalation,of indoor SVOCs.展开更多
文摘Three representative types of houses in Beijing were selected and, in each type, smoking and nonsmoking households were compared. IP, RP. and CO concentrations in the living room and kitchen were monitored during each season. and the level of COHb in the heads of the households were measured. The study showed that indoor air pollution was rather severe, especially during winter. when paniculate concentrations markedly exceeded the standard and CO concentration was as high as 47 ppm. Indoor air pollution was closely related to the type of house, particularly to the mode of heating. In houses. of the same type, pollution improved greatly after central heating facilities were installed. Analysis of 30 elements revealed that pollution was typically caused by coal burning. aggravated by dusty wind, but high indoor Pb levels were probably due to the use of LPG for cooking. In our study the effect of cigarette smoking was sometimes masked by the severe indoor pollution. (C)1990 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘Actually is recognized the importance of indoor air environment and associated health risks. In order to evaluate indoor air quality and to characterize the particles in terms of size, composition and shape were done measurements of the suspended particulate matter in a mechanical workshop of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). These measurements were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and image digital analysis. To differentiation of individual particles in the fine- ultrafine fraction, in some case, was used the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multivariate statistics, such as hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis were appliqued and allowed to establish groups of elements and in this way to facilitate the identification of the natural and anthropogenic sources. It is confirmed that indoor air is influenced by outdoor surroundings and the anthropogenic sources due to the daily activity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908563)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515011179 and No.2022A1515011142)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.202102020990)Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control(No.BZ0344KF20-11).
文摘Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)are ubiquitous and important pollutants in indoor environments.The strong partition between gas phase and suspended particles has significant effects on the transport,human exposure via inhalation,and control strategies of indoor SVOCs.Several models have been developed to simulate the gas–particle partitioning of indoor SVOCs,including a steady-state model by expanding the steady-state model suitable for the outdoor environment to indoor environments.However,the effects of two important indoor environment-specific parameters,i.e.,the particle size distribution(PSD)and the air-change rate(ACH),were not considered in the existing steady-state model,leading to the inaccurate predictions among buildings.To solve this problem,this study developed a novel steady-state model to more comprehensively simulate the gas-particle partitioning of indoor SVOCs by incorporating the effects of PSD and ACH.Better agreement between the predictions of the novel model and the results collected via both field tests and laboratory tests(retrieved from two different studies)supported the effectiveness of the improvements in the novel model.Sensitivity analysis further supported the necessity of involving PSD and ACH.Further implications of the novel model were also discussed.This study should be helpful for deepening the understanding and accurate simulation of the gas-particle partitioning,as well as the transport and human exposure via inhalation,of indoor SVOCs.
