Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean ...Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean Optics,Inc)having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm.Elements like Al,Ba,Ca,Cr,Cu,P,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,P,S,Sr,and Zn were found to present in the samples.The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method,integrated intensity ratio method,and weight percentage LIBS approach.LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Limit of detection(LOD)of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals.The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.展开更多
The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market i...The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 - 60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest;and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.展开更多
Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction followed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry was utilized for simultaneous pre-concentration and trace detection of lead,bismuth,and iron in...Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction followed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry was utilized for simultaneous pre-concentration and trace detection of lead,bismuth,and iron in water samples.Disodium N,N -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine and trichloroethylene were used as chelating agent and extraction solvent,respectively.The parameters of interest were volume of extraction solvent,temperature,and concentrations of salt and chelating agent.A fractional factorial design was developed to identify these parameters and how they vary with one another.The results demonstrated that the concentrations of salt and chelating agent affected extraction efficiency.Subsequently,a central-composite design was used to acquire optimum levels of effective parameters.The optimal conditions were 160.7 mg L^(−1) and 1.77%(w/v)for concentration of chelating agent and salt,respectively.The linear dynamic ranges were determined to be 1–1000μg L^(−1) for Pb and Bi,and 10–1000μg L^(−1) for Fe.The correlation coefficient(R2)was 0.990–0.995.The limits of detection were 0.54–0.78μg L^(−1).The relative standard deviation(concentration=200μg L^(−1),n=8)was in the range of 2.0–4.3%.This method was successfully applied for the trace detection of Pb,Bi,and Fe in freshwater samples of waterfall and spring and satisfactory relative recoveries(96.2–99.6%)were obtained.展开更多
Over the past few decades,the metal elements(MEs)in atmospheric particles have aroused great attention.Some well-established techniques have been used to measure particlebound MEs.However,each method has its own advan...Over the past few decades,the metal elements(MEs)in atmospheric particles have aroused great attention.Some well-established techniques have been used to measure particlebound MEs.However,each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity,accuracy,and specific elements of interest.In this study,the performances of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(TXRF)were evaluated for quality control to analyze data accuracy and precision.The statistic methods(Deming regression and significance testing)were applied for intercomparison between ICP-OES and TXRF measurements for same lowloading PM_(2.5)samples in Weizhou Island.The results from the replicate analysis of standard filters(SRM 2783)and field filters samples indicated that 10 MEs(K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Pb)showed good accuracies and precision for both techniques.The higher accuracy tended to the higher precision in the MEs analysis process.In addition,the interlab comparisons illustrated that V and Mn all had good agreements between ICP-OES and TXRF.The measurements of K,Cu and Zn were more reliable by TXRF analysis for low-loading PM_(2.5).ICP-OES was more accurate for the determinations for Ca,Cr,Ni and Pb,owing to the overlapping spectral lines and low sensitivity during TXRF analysis.The measurements of Fe,influenced by low-loading PM_(2.5),were not able to determine which instrument could obtain more reliable results.These conclusions could provide reference information to choose suitable instrument for the determination of MEs in low-loading PM_(2.5)samples.展开更多
文摘Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean Optics,Inc)having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm.Elements like Al,Ba,Ca,Cr,Cu,P,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,P,S,Sr,and Zn were found to present in the samples.The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method,integrated intensity ratio method,and weight percentage LIBS approach.LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Limit of detection(LOD)of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals.The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.
文摘The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 - 60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest;and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.
文摘Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction followed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry was utilized for simultaneous pre-concentration and trace detection of lead,bismuth,and iron in water samples.Disodium N,N -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine and trichloroethylene were used as chelating agent and extraction solvent,respectively.The parameters of interest were volume of extraction solvent,temperature,and concentrations of salt and chelating agent.A fractional factorial design was developed to identify these parameters and how they vary with one another.The results demonstrated that the concentrations of salt and chelating agent affected extraction efficiency.Subsequently,a central-composite design was used to acquire optimum levels of effective parameters.The optimal conditions were 160.7 mg L^(−1) and 1.77%(w/v)for concentration of chelating agent and salt,respectively.The linear dynamic ranges were determined to be 1–1000μg L^(−1) for Pb and Bi,and 10–1000μg L^(−1) for Fe.The correlation coefficient(R2)was 0.990–0.995.The limits of detection were 0.54–0.78μg L^(−1).The relative standard deviation(concentration=200μg L^(−1),n=8)was in the range of 2.0–4.3%.This method was successfully applied for the trace detection of Pb,Bi,and Fe in freshwater samples of waterfall and spring and satisfactory relative recoveries(96.2–99.6%)were obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42075182)the Science and Technology Pre-research Project for Collaborative Prevention and Control on O3 and PM2.5 Compound Pollution(No.DQGG202026)the Three-dimensional Comprehensive Observation Research Program for O3and PM2.5Compound Pollution in Key Areas in Summer 2021(No.DQGG2021101)
文摘Over the past few decades,the metal elements(MEs)in atmospheric particles have aroused great attention.Some well-established techniques have been used to measure particlebound MEs.However,each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity,accuracy,and specific elements of interest.In this study,the performances of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(TXRF)were evaluated for quality control to analyze data accuracy and precision.The statistic methods(Deming regression and significance testing)were applied for intercomparison between ICP-OES and TXRF measurements for same lowloading PM_(2.5)samples in Weizhou Island.The results from the replicate analysis of standard filters(SRM 2783)and field filters samples indicated that 10 MEs(K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Pb)showed good accuracies and precision for both techniques.The higher accuracy tended to the higher precision in the MEs analysis process.In addition,the interlab comparisons illustrated that V and Mn all had good agreements between ICP-OES and TXRF.The measurements of K,Cu and Zn were more reliable by TXRF analysis for low-loading PM_(2.5).ICP-OES was more accurate for the determinations for Ca,Cr,Ni and Pb,owing to the overlapping spectral lines and low sensitivity during TXRF analysis.The measurements of Fe,influenced by low-loading PM_(2.5),were not able to determine which instrument could obtain more reliable results.These conclusions could provide reference information to choose suitable instrument for the determination of MEs in low-loading PM_(2.5)samples.
