Determination of potassium content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach （ICP-OES）

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（1CP-OES） is used to determine the potassium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element of potassium is conunonly found in potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that potassium nitrate content in pyrotechnics is between 10% to 60% and the potassium perchlorate content is between 20% to 70%,which counted in the content of potassium element is between 4% to 23%. Concept of this method： considering the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is 1L and the concentration of potassium is between 10 mg/L to 90 mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for the potassium content would be between 1% to 23%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of potassium calibration curve is 0.9997 or higher, recovery is 89.15%-100.23%.The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.

Determination of magnesium and aluminum content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach （ICP-OES）

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（ICP-OES）is used to determine the magnesium and aluminum content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Elements of magnesium and aluminum are commonly found in aluminum powder or magnesium-aluminum alloy powder in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that the magnesium content in pyrotechnics is between 8% to 30% and the aluminum content is between 8% to 35%（roughly）.Concept of this method： suppose the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is IL and the concentlation of magnesium and aluminum is between 12mg/L to 160mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for magnesium and aluminum content would be between 3% to 40%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of the magnesium calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 101.01% -101.96%.The fitting correlation coefficient of the aluminum calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 99.36%-103.07%. The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.

Simultaneous determination of some trace metal impurities in high-purity sodium tungstate using coprecipitation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A method based on the combination of coprecipitation with inductively coupledplasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed for the determination of impurities inhigh-purity sodium tungstate. Six elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb) were coprecipitated bylanthanum hydroxide so as to be concentrated and separated from the tungsten matrix. Effects of somefactors on the recoveries of the analytes and on the residual amount of sodium tungstate wereinvestigated, and the optimum conditions for the coprecipitation were proposed. Matrix-matchingcalibration curve method was used for the analysis. It is shown that the elements mentioned abovecan be quantitatively recovered. The detection limits for Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb are 0.07, 0.4,0.2, 0.1, 0.6, and 1.3 μg·g^(-1), respectively. The recoveries vary from 92.5% to 108%, and therelative standard deviations (RSDs) are in the range of 3.1%-5.5%.

The determination of 52 elements in marine geological samples by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a high-pressure closed digestion method

An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method（HPCD）, is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES） and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error（RE） for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials（GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313）, rock reference materials（GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105）, and cobalt-rich crust reference materials（GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339）, the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation（RSD） and the relative error（RE） are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.

CORRECTION OF WING INTERFERENCE WITH KALMAN FILTERING IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

A Kalman filter was developed for correction of wing interference in ICP-AES.Modeling wing interference theoretically instead of experimentally, the filter can compensate the shift in wavelength position in scans, and therefore reduce the effect of the interference on detection limit.

A Perspective of Laser Sampling for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectro metry for Rock and Mineral Analysis

The development of laser sampling for optical emission spectrometry is reviewed . Advantages and limitations of pulsed laser sampling are compared with those of continuous laser sampling . A novel method of laser sampling of liquid samples for inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectrometry has been proposed , and its analytical performance investigated.Experimental results showed that,as a method of sample introduction , laser vaporization of liquid samples enjoyed certain advantages , e.g.,much higher sensitivity, much lower detection limit and reduced sample volume , over solution nebulization . A perspective of the application of laser sampling-inductively coupled plasma - actomic emission spectrometry for rock and mineral analysis is estimated as well.

萃取/反萃取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定肥料样品中铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷

为保障农产品的质量与安全,肥料中的有毒有害物质,尤其是重金属含量被严格限制。为提高肥料中有毒有害物质检测的效率,利用铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷在盐酸介质中形成稳定的碘络合物的特性,采用甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取、硝酸溶液反萃取的方法实现肥料样品中基质与待测元素的分离,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定肥料样品中的6种重金属元素。通过考察萃取条件及残余基体对分析结果的影响,结果证实,在6 mol/L的盐酸萃取体系中加入5 mL碘化铵(30%)溶液,采用10 mL的MIBK萃取2~3次即可使样品中的铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷等被完全萃取,通过萃取/反萃取的方法实现了样品的分离富集,方法的检出限(3σ)为铅0.042 mg/kg、镉0.005 mg/kg、汞0.059 mg/kg、铊0.026 mg/kg、锑0.024 mg/kg、砷0.052 mg/kg,加标回收率在90.1%~108%,可以满足不同肥料样品的质量控制要求。按照实验方法测定6种不同肥料样品中的重金属含量,并采用标准方法进行方法比对,结果表明两种方法的测定结果基本一致。

改良的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定石灰性土壤中交换性盐基钙、镁、钠、钾

为提升石灰性土壤中交换性盐基钙、镁、钠、钾的分析效率与精确度,笔者采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)技术测定其含量。结果表明,最优条件为用70%乙醇溶液反复淋洗样品,再用pH值为8.5的0.1 mol/L的氯化铵-70%乙醇溶液进行交换处理,蒸干后加入10mL 20%~30%的硝酸溶液进行酸化处理。经此处理,把传统的单标溶液转变为混标配置,选择谱线分别为钙317.933 nm、镁279.553 nm、钠589.592 nm、钾766.491 nm,测得国标样品的加标回收率为98.0%~100.7%,检出限分别为0.008、0.005、0.004、0.007 mg/L。对两个国标样品GBW(E)070337、GBW(E)070341进行验证,测得的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.29%~0.98%(n=5)。对吉林土壤(样品1)测得的结果与火焰光度计+原子吸收分光光度法测得的结果无显著性差异。结果表明该方法适用于石灰性土壤交换性盐基钙、镁、钠、钾的分析。

ICP-OES法测定磷铁中硅、锰、钛、钒、铬元素

针对目前电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定磷铁样品杂质元素含量存在的样品溶解问题,本文采用氢氧化钠+碳酸钠对被检测磷铁进行一次熔样,然后使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪对样品中的硅、锰、钛、钒、铬进行测定。测定结果表明,本文测定各元素检出限为0.0016%~0.0080%,测定下限为0.0064%~0.032%,结果与标准样品各元素含量相对误差RE均小于5%,加标回收率为95.1%~102.4%,相对标准偏差小于5%,且三个实际样品RSD均小于5%,故表明此方法精密度及准确度良好,能够满足检测要求。该方法克服了磷铁样品难溶解的特点,并在短时间内获得理想检测结果,而且测定结果具有很高稳定性、精密度和准确度。本试验方法具有可重复性,流程短、成本低,适用于大批量样品的快速分析,可成为检测磷铁产品的一种更简单、快速、经济的重要手段。

关于电感耦合等离子体原子发射(ICP-OES)光谱法测定煤灰中钙、镁含量的研究

目前煤灰中钙、镁测定采用的是EDTA络合滴定分析方法,制样比较复杂,整个测定过程耗时长、操作要求较严格。采用高氯酸和氢氟酸对样品进行消解处理,再用盐酸溶出,以高纯水为溶剂,选用Ca 396.847 nm、Mg 279.553 nm为分析谱线,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射(ICP-OES)法测定煤灰中钙、镁含量,钙、镁元素校准曲线相关系数均大于0.999 9,检出限分别为0.000 2%,0.000 1%,定量检出线分别是0.000 6%、0.000 5%,测定5个煤灰样品结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.86%~3.04%,加标回收率为97%~102%。该测定方法操作简单、分析效率高、精密度和准确度高,对生产的指导作用强,可以用于煤灰中钙、镁的测定。

ICP-OES和ICP-MS测定川芎中20种元素的含量

以微波消解为主要前处理方式,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定川芎中20种元素的含量,对两种方法的仪器条件和不同区域川芎元素含量影响因素进行研究。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定(钾、钙、钠、镁、铝、铁)的检出限为0.001mg/L~0.023 mg/L;电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定(铅、镍、镉、铬、砷、锡、硒、锶、锑、钡、锰、锌、铜)的检出限为0.001568μg/L~0.4625μg/L。两种方法线性都非常好,相关系数均大于0.999。两种方法能够高效、准确地测定川芎中的元素含量。川芎中含量较高的钾、钙、钠、镁、铝、铁元素不同区域有一定差别,其余各种元素含量差别不大。测量发现实验区域川芎干样品中,微量元素锶含量较高,平均含量达到29.2 mg/kg。锶具有防止动脉硬化,防止血栓形成的功能。

内标-ICP-OES法测定石灰石和白云石中的氧化钙

本文探究了采用ICP-OES法测定石灰石、白云石中氧化钙的分析条件。用四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂混合熔剂对样品进行熔融,再用盐酸浸取法处理样品。选用Ca 315.887nm为分析谱线,Sr 407.771nm为内标谱线,测定溶液中的Ca元素对内标元素Sr的相对强度,利用标准溶液系列绘制校准曲线,计算出试样中CaO的质量分数,测定中的基体效应采用基体匹配方法加以消除。考察了样品中共存元素的影响,结果表明,样品中的w(MgO)≤40%、w(Al_(2)O_(3)、SiO_(2))≤10%、w(MnO、Fe_(2)O_(3))≤3%、w(Ti、Cu、K、Na)≤2%时,不干扰CaO的测定。校准曲线回归方程为y=5×10~2x+48.1,相关系数r=0.99991,方法的检测范围为0.50%~55.0%。采用本实验方法测定了石灰石和白云石样品中的CaO,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)小于1%,测定值与GB/T 3286.1-2012的测定结果相吻合。

ICP-OES法测定木家具色漆中4种可溶性重金属含量

本文建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定木家具色漆中铅镉铬汞4种可溶性重金属含量的检测方法。试验结果表明:待测元素在0.1~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99989,方法检出限为0.0314~0.7543 mg/kg,定量限为0.1045~2.492 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.09%~3.04%,相对误差为4.6%~7.6%;加标回收率为94.33%~112.0%。该方法具有检测限、定量限低,精密度、准确度高,快速等优点,适用于检测木家具色漆中可溶性重金属含量。

ICP-OES法同时测定固体废物浸出液中多种金属元素的可行性研究

本次通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)针对其中含有的铜、锌、铍、钡等8种元素进行测定和分析,测定检出限、加标回收率、相对标准偏差分别为0.0011-0.0071mg/L、74%~103%、1.7%~2.4%。结果表明,此种测定方法能够获取相对准确的结果,符合相关检测标准。

超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定土壤中18种元素

为提高土壤中多元素同时检测的效率,采用超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定土壤中钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌、磷、硫、硼、砷、镉、铬、铅、钴、镓、锂等18种元素含量。比较了超级微波消解、常规微波消解和电热板消解的处理效果,采用超级微波消解法对样品进行前处理,并优化了消解条件。在最优条件下,各元素的检出限在0.05~20 mg/kg,加标回收率在86.2%~108%,相对标准偏差RSD在0.10%~3.0%,方法准确度及精密度可以满足多元素同时测定的需求,且方法具有简单、快速、成本低、用酸量少、重现性好等特点。

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钨锡矿石中钨锡钼铜铅锌硫砷

钨锡矿石共生与伴生元素多,为克服常用的钨锡矿石中锡、钨、钼、铜、铅、锌、硫、砷等8种元素检测过程程序繁琐,效率低下问题,通过在刚玉坩埚中直接加入氢氟酸挥发掉样品中的二氧化硅,用过氧化钠熔融已除硅的样品,再以酒石酸+磷酸+盐酸提取,解决了碱熔酸化样品溶液中硅胶的影响和钨、锡等元素不稳定性问题,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法直接测定样品中的锡、钨、钼、铜、铅、锌、硫、砷的方法。系统研究了过氧化钠熔剂的用量对各元素的影响,考察了引入单一酒石酸的络合作用和酒石酸+磷酸的混酸对各元素的影响,结果表明:过氧化钠用量为1.0 g时样品可以完全分解;单一酒石酸的络合作用有限,钨含量高的样品容易发生沉淀,而酒石酸+磷酸的混酸可以使钨在溶液中长期稳定,但对其他元素没有影响。选用5个钨、锡矿石国家一级标准物质按照所建立的方法进行处理,测定结果均在认定值的误差范围内;采用4个实际样品与标准方法进行比对实验,各元素检测结果无显著差异。各元素的光谱强度在0~200μg/mL时呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均在0.9999以上,方法检出限值为3.0~25.0μg/g,相对标准偏差RSD(n=12)为0.33%~7.0%。方法操作简便,检测结果准确、可靠,在多元素大批量的样品检测中具有明显优势。

混合酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定多金属矿石中铜铅锌钼

为解决多金属矿石的传统分析方法中样品前处理冗长复杂、Mo的线性范围窄、不能与Cu、Pb、Zn同时测定的缺点,通过考察溶样体系、仪器工作条件、干扰及消除,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)同时测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo四种元素的方法。结果表明,方法测定范围较宽(0.001%~20.0%),各元素校准曲线线性相关系数均在0.999 5以上,检出限为5~9μg/g。用国家标准物质进行验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.020%~5.0%,相对误差为-4.61%~4.17%,加标回收率为88.0%~108%。实际样品的测定结果与传统方法一致,方法适合大批量、多成分分析。

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定含硼聚乙烯核屏蔽材料中的硼

含硼聚乙烯作为一种广泛应用的核屏蔽材料,准确掌握其中硼含量对于辐射防护屏蔽工程设计和屏蔽效果目标计算具有重要的意义。采用碳酸钠950℃熔融试样,以盐酸(1+1)溶液浸提熔融块,利用全程序空白实验溶液作为打底液配制校准系列曲线溶液作线性校准,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定含硼聚乙烯核屏蔽材料中硼量的方法。试样测试溶液与线性校准系列溶液中大量钠离子基体相匹配,有效消除试样溶液与工作曲线溶液因离子强度、黏度等物理因素引起的非光谱干扰对测定结果准确度的影响;选用15%的王水冲洗进样系统,有效消减了硼在测定过程中存在的记忆效应问题;测试不同含量水平的试样,方法精密度(RSD,n=6)为0.70%~1.6%;以方法比对和加标回收方式验证方法的准确度,与化学滴定法分析测试结果无显著性差异,相对误差为-1.6%~1.9%,加标回收率为99.0%~102%。方法操作简便,能够快速准确地为工艺生产、屏蔽工程设计计算等提供可靠的分析数据。

“自主设计实验”教学模式在仪器分析实验中的应用——ICP-OES检测茶水中的金属含量

仪器分析实验是重要的实践课程,是培养学生创新意识和提高学生综合素质的关键基础课程之一。“自主设计实验”坚持学生主体地位,引导学生查阅文献、拟定实验方案,在教师辅助指导下,将知识要点有效融入实验过程,深化理论学习和实践应用。本实验利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定不同种类茶水中的金属元素含量,并且考察了浸泡时间和浸泡次数对金属元素溶出量的影响,鉴定其是否符合国家标准要求,对比现有的文献数据作出补充和改善,为人们选取泡茶方式提供理论依据和指导建议。“自主设计实验”将化学和日常生活紧密联系在一起,激发学生的学习热情和探索精神,强化实验操作能力及自主学习能力,提升学生的创新意识和实践精神。

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定油田采出液中的总磷

采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定油田采出液中的总磷。选择碲作为内标元素,应用在线加入内标校正干扰效应,降低由于仪器的漂移及基体效应引起的分析误差,提高分析的精密度。方法检出限为0.014μg/mL。对实际采出液样品进行6次连续测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.62%~3.78%,加标回收率为92.8%~103.0%。与分光光度法相比,测定结果没有明显差异。方法有较高的灵敏度和较低的检出限,快速、准确,能够满足油田采出液中总磷的测定要求。