Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., <5 t/(ha·yr), 15.8% area low risk, i.e., 5-25 t/(ha·yr) and 7.5% area moderate risk, i.e., 25-50 t/(ha·yr) in the region. The risk was high, i.e., 50-100 t/(ha·yr) and very high, i.e., >100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic development in the region in future.

Decadal trends in precipitable water vapor over the Indus River Basin using ERA5 reanalysis data

Precipitable Water Vapor(PWV)constitutes a pivotal parameter within the domains of atmospheric science,and remote sensing due to its profound influence on Earth’s climate dynamics and weather patterns.It exerts a significant impact on atmospheric stability absorption and emission of radiation,thus engendering alterations in the Earth’s radiative equilibrium.As such,precise quantification of PWV holds the potential to enhance weather prognostication and fortify preparedness against severe meteorological phenomena.This study aimed to elucidate the spatial and temporal changes in seasonal and annual PWV across the Indus River Basin and its sub-basins using ERA5 reanalysis datasets.The present study used ERA5 PWV(entire atmospheric column),air temperature at 2 m(t2m)and 500 hPa(T_500hPa),evapotranspiration,and total cloud cover data from 1960 to 2021.Theil Sen slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test were used for trend analysis.Correlation and multiple regression methods were used to understand the association of PWV with other factors.The findings have unveiled the highest increase in mean PWV during the monsoon(0.40 mm/decade),followed by premonsoon(0.37 mm/decade),post-monsoon(0.27 mm/decade),and winter(0.19 mm/decade)throughout the study period.Additionally,the mean PWV exhibited the most pronounced positive trend in the sub-basin Lower Indus(LI),followed by Panjnad(P),Kabul(K),and Upper Indus(UI)across all seasons,except winter.Annual PWV has also risen in the Indus basin and its sub-basins over the last six decades.PWV exhibits a consistent upward trend up to an elevation of 3500 m within the basin which is most pronounced during the monsoon season,followed by the pre-monsoon.The escalating PWV within the basin is reasonably ascribed to increasing air temperatures,augmented evapotranspiration,and heightened cloud cover.These findings hold potential utility for pertinent authorities engaged in water resource management and planning.

Comprehensive isotopic characterization of the hydrological processes of the Indus river basin(IRB):A comparison between Upper Indus Basin(UIB)and Lower Indus Basin(LIB)

The Indus river basin(IRB)is one of the most depleted water basins globally,having significant challenges for its water sector.Monitoring of stable isotope composition(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)across IRB is a critical aspect that can provide deeper insights for investigating complex hydrological processes.This work analyses the spatial pattern of the isotopic signature using a comprehensive compilation of available datasets of the Global Network of Isotopes in River(GNIR)and Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP),along with the previously published isotopic studies in the Indus basin.Additionally,this work provides a detailed comparison of the isotopic signature of the Upper Indus Basin(UIB),and Lower Indus Basin(LIB).The IRBs waterline was found to beδ^(2)H=7.89×δ^(18)O+13.51,which shows a close similarity with the Global Meteoric Water Line(GMWL),indicating the meteoric origin of the water with insignificant secondary evaporation prevailing across the basin.The Main Indus Channel(MIC)river water line(δ^(2)H=8.88×δ^(18)O+26.05)indicates a major contribution from the meteoric origin(precipitation/rain)of water with minimal effect of evaporation processes.The water line for UIB samples,(δ^(2)H=7.88×δ^(18)O+11.94)was found to be moderately higher in slope than LIB samples(δ^(2)H=7.17×δ^(18)O+7.16).However,the slopes of both UIB and LIB river water lines closely approached the slope of GMWL and were consistent with the slope of IRB water line,which indicates similarity in contribution of water sources.The higher slope and intercept in UIB suggest that meteoric water sources contributed to streamflow viz.from snow/glacier with insignificant evapotranspiration,which is also validated by the scarce vegetation cover in the UIB.However,the lower slope and intercept in LIB suggest stream water contribution from significantly evaporated groundwater and precipitation with a complete homogenization of discharge coming from the UIB.Results substantiate that distinct isotopic signatures found in different stretches of the IRB and along the MIC are caused by variations in basin characteristics,hydro-meteorological processes,water mixing,and minor influence of anthropogenic variables.

Hydrological response under CMIP6 climate projection in Astore River Basin,Pakistan

Climate change strongly influences the available water resources in a watershed due to direct linkage of atmospheric driving forces and changes in watershed hydrological processes.Understanding how these climatic changes affect watershed hydrology is essential for human society and environmental processes.Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)dataset of three GCM's(BCC-CSM2-MR,INM-CM5-0,and MPIESM1-2-HR)with resolution of 100 km has been analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the Astore catchment during 2020-2070.Bias correction method was used to reduce errors.In this study,statistical significance of trends was performed by using the Man-Kendall test.Sen's estimator determined the magnitude of the trend on both seasonal and annual scales at Rama Rattu and Astore stations.MPI-ESM1-2-HR showed better results with coefficient of determination(COD)ranging from 0.70-0.74 for precipitation and 0.90-0.92 for maximum and minimum temperature at Astore,Rama,and Rattu followed by INM-CM5-0 and BCC-CSM2-MR.University of British Columbia Watershed model was used to attain the future hydrological series and to analyze the hydrological response of Astore River Basin to climate change.Results revealed that by the end of the 2070s,average annual precipitation is projected to increase up to 26.55%under the SSP1-2.6,6.91%under SSP2-4.5,and decrease up to 21.62%under the SSP5-8.5.Precipitation also showed considerable variability during summer and winter.The projected temperature showed an increasing trend that may cause melting of glaciers.The projected increase in temperature ranges from-0.66℃ to 0.50℃,0.9℃ to 1.5℃ and 1.18℃ to 2℃ under the scenarios of SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively.Simulated streamflows presented a slight increase by all scenarios.Maximum streamflow was generated under SSP5-8.5 followed by SSP2-4.5 and SSP1-2.6.The snowmelt and groundwater contributions to streamflow have decreased whereas rainfall and glacier melt components have increased on the other hand.The projected streamflows(2020-2070)compared to the control period(1990-2014)showed a reduction of 3%-11%,2%-9%,and 1%-7%by SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5,respectively.The results revealed detailed insights into the performance of three GCMs,which can serve as a blueprint for regional policymaking and be expanded upon to establish adaption measures.

Assessment of the spatial extent of permafrost in the Upper Indus Basin(UIB)

Climate change differentially influences the frozen ground,a major dynamic component of the cryosphere,on a local and regional scale.Under the warming climate with pronounced effects reported at higher altitudes,the characterization of the frozen ground is very important in the Upper Indus Basin(UIB),an important and critical region with respect to climate and hydro-glaciological dynamics.In this study,the efficiency and reliability of the surface frost number model are assessed in delineating the spatial extent of different classes of frozen ground in the region.The daily MODIS land surface temperature(LST)with ground surface temperature(GST)and surface geomorphological expressions as ground validation datasets are used jointly in efficiently determining the extent of different classes of frozen ground(continuous and discontinuous permafrost and seasonal frost).The LST and GST resonate with each other in the annual cycle of temperature variation,however,with mean annual LST exhibiting an offset(cold bias)of 5 to 7℃relative to mean GST.This study shows that the highest permafrost extent is observed in areas where the lowest thinning rates of glacier ice are reported and vice versa.The surface frost number model categorizes an area of 38%±3%and 15%±3%in the UIB as permafrost and seasonal frost,respectively.Based on the altitude model,the lower limit of alpine permafrost is approximated at a mean altitude of 4919±590 m a.s.l.in the UIB.The present study acts as preliminary work in the data sparse and inaccessible regions of the UIB in characterizing the frozen and unfrozen ground and may act as a promising input data source in glaciohydro-meteorological models for the Himalaya and Karakoram.In addition,the study also underlines the consideration of this derelict cryospheric climatic variable in defining and accounting for the sustainable development of socio-economic systems through its intricate ramification on agricultural activity,landscape stability and infrastructure.

Evaluating spatial and elevation-wise daytime/nighttime LST trends across the Indus River Basin

Land surface temperature(LST)is a crucial parameter for understanding the Earth's surface energy balance,which provides insights into climate dynamics and local environmental conditions.Thus,the present study aims to evaluate the spatial and elevation-wise trends in the daytime,nighttime,and mean LST across the Indus River Basin(IRB)using MODIS 8-day product for the period between 2002 and 2022.The elevation,cloud cover,and land cover type data are used for explaining the emerging LST trends.The Theil slope estimator and MannKendall significance test were used for estimating the seasonal and annual LST trends.The findings show warming in mean daytime(0.020-0.024℃/yr)(except winter and post-monsoon),nighttime(0.013-0.049℃/yr),and mean(0.001-0.042℃/yr)LST in all the seasons(highest in monsoon).The annual mean nighttime LST(0.025℃/yr)is rising significantly faster than the mean daytime LST(0.0016℃/yr),showing the presence of a“nighttime warming effect”,which possibly increases human discomfort,particularly during the warm pre-monsoon and humid monsoon season.Elevation-dependent warming(EDW)is predominant in mean daytime LST in two elevation zones,namely(i)0-3 km and(ii)above 4 km,in all seasons,except in post-monsoon.In contrast,EDW in mean nighttime LST is observed up to 3 km and above 6 km in the basin in all the seasons,excluding post-monsoon.The warming trend in LST may be attributed to rising atmospheric moisture,cloud cover,declining snow cover,and changes in land cover to non-vegetated land.However,further investigations will involve exploring the underlying factors contributing to the observed anomalies in nighttime LST,considering variables such as regional energy balance and atmospheric stability.This research contributes to an understanding of the thermal dynamics in the mountain basin,aiding in climate studies,land management,and the development of effective adaptation strategies in the IRB.

Mineralogy and element geochemistry of the Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation in the Southern Indus Basin,Pakistan:Implications for paleoclimate,paleoweathering and paleoredox conditions

The Sohnari Member of the Early Eocene Laki Formation is massively deposited in the Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan and is considered a potential source rock to generate hydrocarbons.However,the detailed paleoclimatic,paleoweathering,and depositional conditions of the Sohnari Member have not been studied earlier.This research mainly discusses the detailed mineralogical(bulk and clay)and elemental geochemistry of the Laki Formation from two outcrop sections(Jhimpir and Lakhra)in the Southern Indus Basin,Pakistan.The bulk minerals,including quartz(low),hematite,calcite,halite,gypsum,and clay minerals such as kaolinite,chlorite,smectite and illite have been discussed here.These results demonstrate the paleo-environment of studied area was arid with enhanced saline and weak to strong oxidizing depositional conditions.The chemical index of alteration(CIA)values in Jhimpir and Lakhra sections are in the ranges of 41.30-97.93 and 22.30-96.19,respectively,indicating that the Sohnari sediments experienced weak to intense chemical weathering in the source area.The interpretation of the A-CN-K ternary diagram is consistent with the clay mineral contents in the studied sediments,which is characterized by the predominance of kaolinite,gibbsite and chlorite,demonstrating the weak to strong weathering state under warm and humid climatic conditions.The chemical indices such as Sr/Ba,δU,V/Cr,Ni/Co,and Cu/Zn,U/Th and Ba/Ga show that Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation underwent strong evaporation,oxic water column with warm to humid and minor contact of cold climatic conditions.Based on our present data,it can be concluded that the sediments of Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Jhimpir and Lakhra areas of Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan are related to Indio-Eurasian collision and came from the Indian shield rocks that were deposited in a brackish water body with a minor contact of the freshwater oxidizing paleo-environment depositional conditions.

A Glance on the Mineral Deposits and Stratigraphic Sequential Variations and Structures in Different Sections of Indus Basin (Pakistan): New Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaurs from the Latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan

Indus basin hosts many significant mineral deposits like gypsum and cement raw materials, gemstones, iron, coal, marble, dimension and construction stones, petroleum and water resources, world class pink salt and other many minerals in different regions which need further exploitation and development. The construction of new water dams in different regions are vital (for availability of cheap electricity), because of available barren and fertile lands and wastage of water as flood. Further the installation of more cement industries in different regions of Indus Basin especially in middle Indus (Sulaiman Range where gypsum, clays and limestones can be available via belt) can increase export to receive more foreign exchange and make local cement cheap for the sustainable development of Pakistan. 31 stratigraphic sequential sections at different sections of Indus basins are presented to know the variation and local stratigraphy. Further here three new titanosaur taxa are being described. Saraikimasoom is based on snout;Gspsaurus, (Maojandino), Nicksaurus and Khanazeem are based on cranial, vertebral and appendicular elements;Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Pakisaurus, and 3 new genera and species Imrankhanhero zilefatmi, Qaikshaheen masoomniazi and Ikqaumishan smqureshi based on vertebral and appendicular elements;and Sulaimanisaurus and Khetranisaurus based on only caudal vertebrae. Although Pakistani Titanosaurians seem to be proliferated found from one horizon of Vitakri Formation just below the K-Pg boundary they have a wide range of diagnostic features and key elements among titanosaurs which can be used for comparison and phylogenetic analyses with broad updated character data set of titanosaurs.

高压电力电缆护层感应电压的补偿研究

电力电缆敷设时常采用三段换位的方法以降低护层电压,但电力电缆线路改造时容易造成换位的电缆三段不等长,从而引起护层电压不平衡,产生护层环流。为解决此问题,通过对电缆护层电压的理论分析,推导了电缆单回路和双回路任意排列方式下的护层感应电压的计算模型;提出了在电缆终端加补偿装置(实际上为补偿电感器)的方法来平衡护层电压,抑制护层电流,其基本原理是将该补偿装置套装于电缆上,电缆中通过电流时,补偿装置产生感应电动势,利用该感应电势来抵消电缆护层电压。补偿电感的仿真计算表明,该法可有效减小电缆护层的感应电压,从而减小护层环流,大大减小电缆损耗。

流式细胞术检测CIK的免疫表型和体外杀伤活性

目的:探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine-induced killer,CIK)的免疫表型和体外杀伤活性。方法:从健康人外周血分离淋巴细胞,经过IFNγ、CD3McAb、IL-2诱导并培养,获得大量的CIK。采用流式细胞术检测CIK的表型;以CFSE标记靶细胞来区分效应细胞,再以PI染色,用FACS检测靶细胞的死亡率。结果:CIK于第22天达到增殖高峰,并高度表达CD3、CD11a、CD54和HLA-DR;中度表达CD3/CD56、CD25、CD28、CD69和FasL;CD16表达不增加。CIK对肿瘤细胞K562、HL-60、Hela、SMMC7721和A375均表现出杀伤活性,其中对K562、HL-60、Hela 3种细胞的杀伤作用较强;而对SMMC7721、A375的作用不明显。结论:细胞因子IFNγ、CD3McAb和IL-2体外诱导的单个核细胞具有强大的增殖力和杀伤活性。

低频电针及音乐电针对有氧耐力性运动疲劳的康复疗效评价

目的:评估和比较低频电针与音乐电针对运动性疲劳的康复疗效。方法:以49名健康男大学生为受试者,进行有氧耐力运动至疲劳,运用低频电针或音乐电针刺激足三里穴15min,比较治疗前后心率、下肢肌力、血糖、尿蛋白、血乳酸、视觉简单反应时、主观体力感觉(RPE)等生理、生化及心理指标。结果:两种疗法均有显著降低心率及RPE的作用;低频电针可显著降低血乳酸浓度,并且尿蛋白呈大幅度下降的趋势;音乐电针使RPE有较大程度的下降,但下肢肌力及血糖显著低于治疗前,视觉简单反应时有延长趋势,并显著长于安静状态。结论:低频电针疗法具有促进心血管疲劳及心理疲劳康复、增强肾脏调节功能及加速乳酸清除等作用;音乐电针疗法具有较好的解除心理疲劳的作用,而对运动性疲劳其他方面的康复疗效均逊于低频电针。

多肽负载DC联合CIK治疗激素难治性前列腺癌的疗效

目的:研究多肽负载树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine-induced killer cell,CIK)对激素难治性前列腺癌(hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer,HRPC)患者免疫治疗的效果。方法:选择无锡市第四人民医院中西医结合科收治的HLA-A2+HRPC患者26例,分离外周血单个核细胞,其中贴壁细胞经GM-CSF、IL-4联合诱导培养为成熟DC,负载前列腺癌特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)、前列腺酸性磷酸酶(prostatic acid phosphatase,PAP)、前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate specific membrane antigen,PSMA)三个多肽,制备成DC疫苗,经患者腹股沟皮内注射;未贴壁细胞经IFN-γ、IL-2、抗CD3单抗、IL-1体外诱导培养成CIK,经静脉回输给患者。在治疗后1周进行迟发型超敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)检测,在患者治疗前后进行血清中细胞因子和PSA检测,治疗结束后4周进行短期疗效评价。结果:26例HRPC患者对DC联合CIK治疗的耐受良好。治疗后患者血清中IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ水平较治疗前显著升高(上升幅度分别为65.07%、67.69%和125.38%,P<0.05或P<0.01),TNF-α和IL-10水平变化不大;DTH的阳性率为43.5%(10/23);7例患者的CD8+IFN-γ+T细胞比例较治疗前显著提高[(8.95±2.74)%vs(0.39±0.15)%,P<0.01];8/26例患者的PSA下降,降幅为13%～66%。26例患者短期疗效评价,3例PR、4例PD、19例SD,所有患者治疗中未出现明显不良反应。结论:多肽负载DC联合CIK治疗HRPC能激发患者的免疫应答、诱导Th1型细胞因子的分泌,近期疗效良好,是一种安全的治疗方法。

分岔理论在电力系统电压稳定研究中的应用述评

首先简要介绍了分岔的基本概念,然后从静态分岔和动态分岔两个方面,评述了分岔理论在电压稳定研究中的应用情况。重点介绍了鞍节分岔点和Hopf分岔点的求取算法,分析了各种算法的优缺点,并简要介绍了奇异诱导分岔在动态电压稳定分析中的应用情况,最后对分岔理论在电压稳定研究应用中的前景进行了展望。

不同细胞因子诱导脐血来源的CIK、NK细胞对K562细胞杀伤活性的研究

目的:了解不同细胞因子组合扩增的脐血CIK、NK细胞对人K562细胞株的杀伤活性的差异性。方法:通过SCF、FLT3L、IL2、IL7及IL15等细胞因子的不同组合扩增的脐血CIK、NK细胞,分为3组,A组(SCF+IL2+IL7+IL15)、B组(SCF+FLT3L+IL2+IL7+IL15)和C组(IL2+IL7+IL15,对照组);通过MTT法检测各组CIK、NK细胞在不同效靶比下对K562的杀伤率,计算各组的总杀伤单位。结果:经过21天培养A组体系中CIK+NK细胞的比例平均超过60%,B组CIK+NK细胞的比例平均超过70%,而C组约为50%;各组扩增的CBCIKNK细胞同组间在效靶比20∶1时对K562的杀伤率均显著高于10∶1(P<0.01)。在不同效靶比下A组CIKNK细胞对K562的杀伤率显著高于B和C组(P<0.01);C组CIKNK细胞对K562的杀伤率稍高于B组,但两组间对K562的杀伤率无显著性差异。A组总杀伤单位显著高于C组,与B组无显著差异。结论:不同细胞因子组合扩增的脐血CIK、NK细胞对人K562细胞株的杀伤活性有差异,考虑到对效应细胞的扩增效果,B组为具有最佳杀伤活性的脐血CIK、NK细胞培养体系,其中的SCF、FLT3L对CIKNK细胞诱导有协同效果。

考虑荷载随机性的人行桥人致振动计算方法研究

随着人行桥大跨轻柔化的发展趋势,行人动力荷载逐渐攀升为人行桥设计中的控制荷载.然而,受行人荷载随机性的影响,如何计算人行桥的人致振动响应却成为桥梁工程设计人员最为棘手的问题.为了建立准确实用的人行桥人致振动响应计算方法,首先提出了改进后的基于瞬时步行参数的行人步行力随机性时域模型,并通过实测手段系统地研究了模型中包括个体间差异性以及个体内部变异性在内的行人步行参数的分布规律.在此基础上阐述了行人流步行过程模态力的集成,建立了行人作用下的人行桥人致振动的模态叠加分析法.本文以43#人行桥为例,将数值模拟结果与人致振动试验数据以及现有各国人行桥设计规范进行了综合的对比分析,验证了考虑随机性后的人行桥人致振动时域分析法的可靠性与实用性.

颞叶癫痫模型和失神癫痫模型的行为学、组织学对比研究

目的比较匹罗卡品癫痫模型及戊四唑点燃癫痫模型的行为学特征及组织学特征。方法制作两种不同的癫痫模型,应用Vedio观察行为学特征,不同时点Nissl染色及Neotimms'染色,对比研究神经元丢失及苔藓出芽的变化。结果戊四唑点燃模型无持续性癫痫自发发作,癫痫产生过程中无神经元丢失及苔藓出芽现象;匹罗卡品癫痫持续状态模型在海马的CA1、CA3及齿状回的门区出现神经元丢失,在大鼠出现反复自发发作的同时出现苔藓纤维出芽现象。结论戊四唑点燃模型类似人类失神癫痫特征,匹罗卡品癫痫持续状态模型类似人类慢性颞叶癫痫特征,神经元丢失和苔藓纤维出芽可能是癫痫发生的原因,是一理想的颞叶癫痫动物模型。

定量组织多普勒Tei指数评价重度妊高征胎儿心功能的研究

目的:应用定量组织速度成像技术(quantitative tissue velocity imaging,QTVI)所测Tei指数评价重度妊高征患者胎儿心功能的临床价值。方法:应用QTVI测量30例重度妊高征患者和60例正常孕妇胎儿右室房室瓣环室壁运动的射血期(ET)、等容收缩期(ICT)和等容舒张期(IRT)的时间间期,计算胎儿Tei指数。结果:重度妊高征组的IRT+ICT和Tei指数显著高于与对照组。结论:重度妊高征不仅对母体脏器造成危害,而且累及胎儿心脏功能。

DC-CIK联合静脉化疗后晚期结肠癌患者血清肿瘤标志物、肿瘤细胞凋亡及免疫应答的评估

目的：研究树突状细胞-细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（DC-CIK）联合静脉化疗对晚期结肠癌患者血清肿瘤标志物、肿瘤细胞凋亡及免疫应答的影响。方法：选择2012年5月～2015年10月间在本院接受保守治疗的79例晚期结肠癌患者进行回顾性研究,根据治疗方案不同分为DC-CIK组和静脉化疗组,DC-CIK组接受DC-CIK联合静脉化疗、静脉化疗组接受常规静脉化疗。化疗3个周期后,测定血清中肿瘤标志物含量、肿瘤病灶中凋亡分子表达量以及免疫功能指标。结果：化疗3个周期后,DC-CIK组患者血清中CEA、CA199、CA242、HIF-1α、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10的含量显低于静脉化疗组,IL-2、IFN-γ的含量显著高于静脉化疗组;DC-CIK组患者肿瘤病灶中p53、FAM96B、PTEN、PHLPP、ASPP2、RASSF10的mRNA含量显著高于静脉化疗组;DC-CIK组患者外周血单个核细胞表面CD3、CD4、CD56的荧光强度显著高于静脉化疗组,CD8、CD25的的荧光强度显著低于静脉化疗组;DC-CIK组患者血清中IL-2、IFN-γ的含量显著高于静脉化疗组,IL-4、IL-5、IL-10的含量显著低于静脉化疗组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：DC-CIK联合静脉化疗杀伤结肠癌细胞、诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡的效果优于常规静脉化疗,同时能够改善机体的抗肿瘤免疫应答。

EGFR单抗联合CIK细胞治疗胃癌的实验研究

单克隆抗体靶向药物和细胞免疫治疗在恶性肿瘤的治疗中越来越显现出巨大的潜力，但二者联合应用在胃癌治疗中的作用尚未明确。目的：通过体外和体内实验初步探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）单抗（西妥昔单抗）联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK细胞）对胃癌的治疗作用。方法：经免疫细胞化学方法证实人胃腺癌细胞株SGC7901高表达EGFR后．观察EGFR单抗对CIK细胞与SGC7901细胞结合率的影响。设置EGFR单抗联合CIK细胞组、单纯CIK细胞组和单纯EGFR单抗组，以MTT法检测各组对SGC7901细胞的杀伤率．应用裸鼠移植瘤模型观察各组抑瘤率。结果：EGFR单抗未能显著提高CIK细胞与SGC7901细胞的结合率。EGFR单抗联合CIK细胞对SGC7901细胞的杀伤率和裸鼠移植瘤抑制率显著高于两者单用（P〈0．05）。结论：EGFR单抗与CIK细胞联合对胃癌的疗效较两者单用显著提高．

芝麻诱发突变技术育种研究进展

近年来,空间环境诱变、离子束辐照及核辐射传统诱变技术在我国改良农作物和发掘新基因中应用日趋活跃。诱发突变技术应用于芝麻新材料创制及新品种选育始于1950年,据国际诱变育成品种数据库的不完全统计,截至2017年3月,世界上60多个国家在217种植物上诱变了3 246个正式发布的突变品种,8个国家诱变了25个芝麻突变体,其中我国诱变5个芝麻突变体,占总量20%而位居世界第二。综述了芝麻诱变育种的成果及诱变获得的芝麻农艺性状、抗病性等性状突变,并对今后芝麻诱变育种的目标及方法进行了展望,以期为研究芝麻功能基因组学提供丰富的多样材料及芝麻种质创新提供重要的理论参考。