Spatio-temporal Differentiation and Driving Factors of Industrial Ecology of Restricted Development Zone from Adaptive Perspective:A Case Study of Shandong,China

Based on the adaptive analysis paradigm,this paper constructs an evaluation index system and an evaluation model of the level of industrial ecology of a restricted development zone from the perspective of the industrial system and of the environmental system,and studies the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and the driving factors of the level of industrial ecology of the restricted development zone of the Shandong Province,China,by using a variety of measurement methods.The results show that:1)In the temporal dimension,the level of industrial ecology of the research area increased from 2005 to 2017,while in the regional dimension,it was higher in the eastern coastal areas,followed by the northwestern area and the southwestern area;2)In the spatial dimension,from 2005 to 2017 the level of industrial ecology of the research area had a clear spatial dependence,and the regional spatial agglomeration of the restricted development zones with similar industrial ecology levels become increasingly evident;3)On the whole,the industrial ecology level in the study area had a clear spatial differentiation pattern,as it was higher in the north and in the east and lower in the south and in the west.Moreover,its evolution model changed from a‘three-core driven model’to a‘spatial scattered mosaic distribution model’,and then to a‘single-core driven model’;4)Industrial ecology was positively correlated with economic development,foreign investment,science and technology,and negatively correlated with the government role,while industrial structure and environmental regulation failed to pass the statistical significance test.

Urban and Industrial Metabolism： Towards Sustainable Planning

Nowadays, urban planning supposes a key issue to promote sustainable cities＇ development. In the last decades, the urban growth of developed countries has caused several environmental, social and economic problems, such as the inefficient use of resources and infrastructures. Notwithstanding, detailed analysis of population＇s necessities allows decreasing these drawbacks. These enhancements can foster a more feasible development through technical sustainability criteria. Therefore, the urban metabolism study becomes an essential tool to plan a suitable management for material and energy flows. Industrial Ecology （IE） theory looks for the sustainable integration of human activities on their natural environment. It seeks mimic natural systems performance and their processes. Industrial Metabolism （IM） studies those processes which turns material and energy into products and wastes. The IE final goals aim to promote improvements in process efficiency, decreasing consumption and waste generation through flows recirculation and exchange networks of material and energy. This contribution proposes a new conceptual framework which integrates urban and industrial metabolisms as an opportunity to achieve more efficient and sustainable development. The review of national and international experiences shows the improvements achieved through metabolisms＇ combination based on the exchanges of residual energy and water streams.

Ethical Implications of Systems Methodology Applied to Industrial Ecology

The systemic view on industry and on production and consumption pattern is an essential feature of the industrial ecology （IE） concept. One consequence of this view is to investigate industrial flows and consumer activities, and their effects on the environment in order to evaluate and eventually optimize these flows with the help of a systems methodology. Industrial ecology has been developed by engineers and natural scientists and its ethical core canon often manifests in anthropocentric assertions such as harmonizing the contradiction between nature and culture with scientific expertise, appropriate technology and socio-economic management. This paper argues however for a biocentric inspired, normative reading of some characteristics of industrial ecology＇s systems methodology. The presumption for the value of this endeavor is that industrial ecology＇s systems methodology has a potential for developing directions for the design of a possible sustainable world.

China's Strategic Measures to Develop Coal Industry During the Period of the Ninth Five-Year Plan

A reporter for China’s Foreign Tradehas learned from the Ministry of theCoal Industry that China will takethe following steps to develop its coal industryduring the ninth five-Year plan period. 1. To regulate the policy for buildupthe coal industry and to make a good job ofthe comprehensive development of buildinga number of key coal production bases.

The Goal Set For China's Coal Industry During the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period

Coal is China’s principal source of energy,accounting for about 75percent of primary energy.This pattern will remain unchanged fora long period of time from now on.Thanks to the efforts made duringthe Eighth Five-Year Plan period,the general situation for the coalindustry is now good.

Major Changes in Coal Industry

In recent years, facing the unprecedented difficulties andchallenges such as fuel price increase, supply tension of powercoal and increasing pressure of environmental protection, thesurvival of power enterprises is subjected to certain squeeze.Theimpactofcoalindustryonthepowerindustryisincreasing.Since the foundation of the new China, coal is prominentin China's primary energy production and consumption. Inrecent years, with the continuing rise of the international oilprice, coal becomes more important i...

Present Status of China's Coal Industry

Coal is China’s principal source ofenergy, accounting for about 75percent of primary energy. This patternwill remain unchanged for a long period oftime from now on. Thanks to the effortsmade during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period,the general situation for the coal industry isnow good.

The catalytic effect of the Na and Ca-rich industrial wastes on the thermal ignition of coal combustion

The catalytic effects of four industrial wastes,namely,the soap residue(SR),brine sludge(BS),calcium carbide residue(CCR),and white lime mud(WLM),on coal thermal ignition were investigated.The acidity of palmitate anion associated with Na+in SR was lower than that of chloride anion combined with Na+in BS,which resulted in an improved the combustion of SR.The acidity of OH-anion combined with Ca2+in CCR was lower than that of CO32-anion combined with Ca2+in WLM,resulting in CCR exhibiting a better catalytic effect on coal ignition.The alkaline metal Na had lower initial ionisation energy than the alkaline earth metal Ca.Therefore,the Na-rich SR exhibited higher catalytic activity on coal ignition than Ca-rich CCR.The ignition temperature of coal with 0.5%SR decreased from 544 to 503°C.

Smart industrial IoT empowered crowd sensing for safety monitoring in coal mine

The crowd sensing technology can realize the sensing and computing of people,machines,and environment in smart industrial IoT-based coal mine,which provides a solution for safety monitoring through distributed intelligence optimization.However,due to the difficulty of neural network training to achieve global optimality and the fact that traditional LSTM methods do not consider the relationship between adjacent machines,the accuracy of human body position prediction and pressure value prediction is not high.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a smart industrial IoT empowered crowd sensing for safety monitoring in coal mine.First,we propose a Particle Swarm Optimization-Elman Neural Network(PE)algorithm for the mobile human position prediction.Second,we propose an ADI-LSTM neural network prediction algorithm for pressure values of machines supports in underground mines.Among them,our proposed PE algorithm has the lowest average cumulative prediction error,and the trajectory fit rate is improved by 24.1%,13.9%and 8.7%compared with Kalman filtering,Elman and Kalman plus Elman algorithms,respectively.Meanwhile,compared with single-input ARIMA,RNN,LSTM,and GRU,the RMSE values of our proposed ADI-LSTM are reduced by 36.6%,52%,32%,and 13.7%,respectively;and the MAPE values are reduced by 0.0003%,0.9482%,1.1844%,and 0.3620%,respectively.

Potentials for win-win alliances among animal agriculture and forest products industries:Application of the princi-ples of industrial ecology and sustainable development

Commercial forests in many parts of the world are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrient-deficient forests often exist in close proximity to large animal feeding operations, meat processing and other food, textile, or other biomass-processing plants, and municipal waste treatment facilities. Many of these facilities produce large surpluses of nitrogen,phosphorus, and organic matter as gaseous ammonia, urea, uric acid, phosphorus compounds,bacterial sludges, and partially treated municipal wastewaters. These co-existing and substantial nutrient deficiencies and surpluses offer ready-made opportunities for discovery, demonstration,and commercial development of science-based, technology-facilitated, environmentally sound,economically viable, and socially acceptable "win-win alliances" among these major industries based on the principles of industrial ecology and sustainable development. The major challenge is to discover practical means to capture the surplus nutrients and put them to work in forest stands from which value-added products can be produced and sold at a profit.

A long way to go:impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and rural ecology in less industrialized regions

Urbanization,often coupled with industrialization,is generally considered as a boost for improving livelihood as well as alleviating ecological pressures of the rural areas.However,this experience needs to be tested in less industrialized areas,particularly where the urbanization is driven by non-economic factors such as urban public services and relevant government policies rather than employment opportunities.Taking two villages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as examples,through the field investigation by using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews,and statistical data analysis,we explored the impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and the ecological conditions of their original village rangeland.We found that the disposable income and savings of emigrant households were less than the stay households,which might be correlated to the limited employment due to the lagged industrialization in the local township,and the mismatch between their traditional labor skills and the demands of urban services.Their home-village rangeland overuse was not alleviated since the increasing grazing pressure caused by the stay households,though the emigrant households intended to decrease the number of livestock on their home pasture.We concluded that the urbanization misaligned with local industrialization may fail to improve migrant livelihoods and local ecological conditions in less industrialized areas.Our research supplements the previous urbanization theory by highlighting the non-industrialization driven urbanization,and is particularly pertinent for the transitional countries worldwide.

Restoration and Reconstruction of the Industrialand Mineral Industry Ecosystem

Large amount of toxic contanminants are being released to the environment around the global from rapid urbanization andindustrialization. Among such contaminants are industiral wastes and ore tailing that result from worldwide mining acticities. Inmining operations and ecological restoration projects increase public perception of mining companies. The effects of minieralindustry and ore tailing to environment were studied and the restoration measurements, such as soil and waste materials ecologicaltreament, water purification and recycling, vegetation ecological design, are proposed as successfully designs to achieve anoptimum recovery of the waste lands.

Index system for assessing ecological stability of circular economy industrial chain of electronic industry and its empirical study

With the development of science and technology and the rapid growth of productive forees new and high technology industries have. For example, computer, mobile phone, etc. are increasingly popular, especially hi-tech products updating more and more quickly, which has initiated some problems： resources depletion, environmental pollution, ecosystems damage, etc. While people are enjoying convenient and comfortable life from hi-tech, they are worrying about quantities of e-wastes discharged.In order to reduce the amount and harm of e-wastes, this paper starts from the connotation of the ecological stability of circular economy electronics industry chain （CEEIC, for shorO, uses the food chain principle for reference to describe the links and connection of the electronics industry chain, and selects factors from the three link： production, consumption and recycle to construct indexes system based on their characteristics, with which a scientific evaluation is carried on for CEEIC by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

Semi-Industrial Test of Underground Coal Gasification In Well No.2 in Xinhe, Xuzhou

The necessity of underground coal gasification is explained. The condition,technology character,and process of the semi-industrial test of underground coal gasification in well No. 2 at Xinhe, Xuzhou,are introduced. The test results indicate that the technique of long tunnel,large sectiou,two stage underground coal gasification can obtain a large output of coal gas with a high heat value, making the working process stable. So the feasibility of the new techuology is verified. It can be concluded that there will have a good application prospect of the technique in China.

Synthesis of high acid-resistant ultramarine blue pigment through coal gangue, industrial zeolite waste and corn straw waste recycling

The massive stacking of the coal gangue (CG) in the coal mining process, discarded industrial zeolite waste (IZW) and agricultural corn straw (CS) has caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste. To achieve the recycling of solid waste, an economical method for synthesizing ultramarine blue pigment using a two-step calcination process of the CG/IZW/Na_(2)CO_(3)/S/CS with the mass rates of 1.50: 0.50: 2.50: 3.50: 1.00 (the first stage at 400℃ for 0.50 h and the second stage at 900℃ for 2.00 h) is proposed in this paper. The structure and composition of the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, as well as SEM technologies, and results showed it had a sodalite structure containing S_(3)^(−) and S_(2)^(−) radicals. Furthermore, SiO2 (1.20 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and 4.50 mL of NH_(3)·H_(2)O as the catalyst) coated the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment (1.00 g) was successfully synthesized by sol-gel technique to improve the acid resistance of the pigment (pH=2.50-3.00). This new method of preparing ultramarine blue pigments not only achieves resource reuse at a low cost but also improves the acid rain resistance of the pigments.

Identification method and empirical study of urban industrial spatial relationship based on POI big data: a case of Shenyang City, China

The industrial spatial relationship is a cross-cutting subject of economic geography and geographical information science which has considerable significance to promote a sustainable planning and development of regional economic system.Taking Shenyang City as our study area and using the location information of manufacturing units and automobile sales outlets extracted from points of interest(POI),we investigated the spatial relationship between the two industries from integration,correlation and coordination perspective.Based on spatial statistical analyses,the equipment manufacturing industry and the automobile sales industry in Shenyang City showed a spatial complementary integration,weak spatial correlation,and coordination with scale dependence and spatial heterogeneity in 2018.This distribution characteristic is attributed to:1)local policy factors(i.e.,that industrial land should be located in the periphery of the city or outside the Second Ring Road),and 2)the economic factors(i.e.,that the degree of dependence of the equipment manufacturing industry and automobile sales industry were also influenced by external factors such as costs).These results improved the current industrial spatial relationship analysis by developing a new framework based on POI big data in order to accelerate a coordinated development between manufacturing and service industries and to promote the construction of industrial ecosystem.

China＇s Progress for Modern Coal-chemical Industry

介绍了我国现代煤化工项目的投产情况以及近年来取得的自主技术装备广泛应用、带动资源地区经济转型发展等业绩;指出煤化工产业仍存在工艺技术需进一步优化、产业布局难度大、环境保护和碳排放压力大、盈利能力受能源价格影响大等问题;提出扎实做好已投产示范工程达标达产、适时推进升级示范工程有序建设的发展趋势。

A Three-Stage, Completely Sustainable Process Addressing Industrial Water Waste Treatment Management: The Case of the Sorption of Methylene Blue in Column Experiments

A detailed study regarding the optimization of a complete system for the purification of water waste is presented.Three main concerns are addressed:the nature of the absorbing material,the efficiency dependence on scale and the management of the final waste of the assembly.These three points have to be optimized in the best acceptable way from an environmental point of view.Subsequently,the wet filling material,comprised of the absorbent and the absorbed dye,was buried in dry soil,promoting soil bacterial and fungal growth.The absorbance of CO2 was determined.The use of natural vegetative material as absorbents of chemical dyes in industrial water waste is an environmentally friendly solution.Combination with the utilization of the final solid waste as fertilizer is an optimum solution,promoting sustainability within an industrial ecology framework.The adsorption column scale-up studied herein,for the removal of basic dyes from wastewaters,using methylene blue as a representative adsorbate and barley straw as a representative waste biomass adsorbent,was successful,as regards consistency and reliability(judged by low absolute and relative standard deviation)of results.

Focus on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in developing eco-industrial parks in China

Despite the widespread incorporation of sustainable development into policy discourses, actually achieving the win-win-win scenario of economic, environmental and social development continues to be problematic. Advocates of industrial ecology suggest that shifting the basis of industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system, these gains can be achieved. In recent years, concepts drawn from industrial ecology have been used to plan and develop eeo-industrial parks （EIPs） that seek to increase business competitiveness, reduce waste and pollution, create jobs and improve working conditions. Despite a growing interest in EIPs, there have been few empirically informed studies that seek to explore the potential contribution such EIPs may make to sustainable development. This paper contributes to a developing sympathetic critique of industrial ecology by focusing on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in the course of developing eco-industrial parks, drawing upon empirical work conducted in China. The paper draws upon both an extensive survey of EIPs and in-depth interviews conducted with a range of stakeholders at some sites in China. As the paper reveals, EIPs in China are in their early stages and likewise their contribution to economic development and environmental policy, let alone social policies, is complicated and inchoate. The empirical material reveals that key features of industrial ecology such as inter-firm networking and collaboration in the form of materials interchange and energycascading are either absent or in the early planning stages. In each of the cases studied what is emerging is a form of EIP partly determined by the geographic setting and broader economic realities of the locality. While collaborative behavior between firms is central to EIP development if the potential benefits of industrial ecology are to be realized, it is important to realize that such behavior is difficult to develop from scratch through policy intervention. In conclusion, the paper suggests that expectations must be realistic for the community and location in question. As part of that realism, EIP projects must be designed to allow for a gradual approach, and each phase needs to be financially viable.