Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Energy Efficiency and Emissions Reduction Potential of China's Industrial Sector

Based on the total-factor energy efficiency framework,this paper calculates China's industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential from 2000 to 2009 by utilizing the directional distance function and data envelopment analysis.The empirical results show that:China's industrial overall energy efficiency is relatively lower while the emis-sions reduction potential is relatively greater,given the optimum production frontier.Significant indus-trial disparities of energy efficiency and emissions reduction potential exist.Energy efficiency and emis-sions reduction potential significantly show different tendencies of industrial dynamic variation.This paper suggests the Chinese government impose differential carbon taxes,flexibly utilize carbon market mecha-nism,strengthen energy-saving technological R&D,promote the utilization of renewable energy,and strengthen environmental supervision and regulation,so as to improve China's industrial energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.

The Five-Year Plan: A new tool for energy saving and emissions reduction in China

China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China

Based on the annual production data collected by the Statistic Center of the Ministry of Railways of the People＇s Republic of China, we calculated the energy saving and direct emission reductions of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm of electrified railways, and analyzed their dynamic characteristics during the period of 1975 2007. The results show that during this period, the annual mean values of energy saving is 1.23×10^6 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 4.267×10^6 t, 20.5×10^3 t, 3.0×10^3 t, 9.6×10^3 t, 67.9×10^3 t, and 6.9×10^3 t per year, respectively. The annual average increasing rates of energy saving is 139×10^3 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 483×10^3 t, 2.3×10^3 t, 0.34×10^3 t, 1.1×10^3 t, 7.7 ×10^3 t and 0.78×10^3 t per year, respectively. The electrified railways have played an important role in decreasing the energy consumption and air pollutant emissions of China＇s railway system. The results of this study could provide some reference knowledge for future reductions of energy consumption and waste gas emission in China＇s railway transportation.

Utilization of Livestock's Dejection as Biogas Origin in Building New Countryside in Heilongjiang Province--Developing Utilization of Biogas and Promoting Energy-saving and Emission Reduction

With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock＇s dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal＇s leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve the energy and reduce emission of the waste.And it also plays an important role in protecting the eco-environment,beautifying homestead and developing the ecological agriculture and so on.The liquid and solid residue in the biogas production can be reused as fertilizer for crops or food for animals after pretreatment,which is propitious to accelerate the development of the circular economy in Heilongjiang Province.

Energy savings and CO_2 emission reduction by using geothermal heat pumps

The renewable energy will play significant role in the world primary energy consumption in the future. Geothermal energy is immense with 5 000 EJ/a of technical potential, and geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are one of the fastest growing applications of renewable energy in the world with annual increases of 10 % and much faster in China. With high coefficient of performance (COP) up to 6, GHPs make efficiency of primary energy more than 240 % with assumed a 40 % of electricity generation efficiency, which means energy savings and CO2 emission reduction. In this paper,the geothermal resources and its utilization are talked about, and GHPs technology was introduced. Due to its high efficiency, there will be energy savings by using GHPs. There is also CO2 emission reduction because of using geothermal heat pumps, which is analyzed in the end.

The development of slag processing technology and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry

This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.

A research of green taxation policy for promoting energy saving and emission reduction

It's been proved by theory and practice that taxation policy is one of the important means of realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The green taxation system in the Western countries has got better effects in energy saving and environmental protection. In the recent years, China has in succession released some taxation policies promoting energy saving and emission reduction, but still has a huge gap to meet the real needs of energy saving and emission reduction. By analyzing China's status quo of the polices of energy saving and emission reduction and drawing upon experiences of the developed countries about green taxation, this paper presents how to perfect ideas of China's energy saving and emission reduction taxation policies: adjusting taxes relevant to green taxation in the current taxation system, such as resource tax, consumer tax, and so on; collecting new environmental tax; perfecting the preferential taxation policies for the energy saving and environmental protection industries.

Technical Analysis of Energy Saving and Emission Reducing in China's Cement Industry Based on LEAP Model

[Objective] The study aimed at evaluating the ability to save energy and reduce CO2 emission in China＇s cement industry. [Method] Based on long-term energy alternative planning system software （LEAP）, ＂LEAP of China＇s cement industry＂ model was established to simulate energy conservation and emission reduction in China＇s cement industry from 2010 to 2040 in different technologic situations. E ResultJ To save ener- gy and reduce CO2 emissions, new dry process kiln has priority over other technologies or measures, followed by equipment enlargement, mechani- cal shaft kiln, power generation system based on waste heat, as well as high-efficiency and energy-saving grinding technology, and new prepara- tion technology. If all the advanced technologies and measures are adopted, energy consumption and C02 emissions can be reduced by about 40.76% and 42.97% respectively. [ Condusion] LEAP of model is suitable for analyzing energy saving and emission reducing in China＇s cement industry and other industrial fields.

A multi-objective train-scheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving

Energy saving and emission reduction for railway systems should not only be studied from a technical perspective but should also be focused on management and economics. On the basis of relevant trainscheduling models for train operation management, in this paper we introduce an extended multi-objective trainscheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving. The objective of setting up this model is to reduce the energy and emission cost as well as total passenger- time. The decision variables include continuous variables such as train arrival and departure time, and binary vari- ables such as locomotive assignment and segment occu- pancy. The constraints are concerned with train movement, trip time, headway, and segment emission, etc. To obtain a non-dominated satisfactory solution on these objectives, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example is performed and used to compare the proposed model with the existing model. The results show that the proposed model can reduce the energy consumption, meet exhausts emission demands effectively by optimal locomotive assignment, and its solution methodology is effective.

Study on Objectives and Strategies for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Transportation Industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period in Beijing

Facing increasing passenger and cargo transport demand and limited re-source in the 13th Five-Year period, how to make a breakthrough and substantial progress has become a key issue on planning and the Top-level Design. In this paper we judged and analyzed the current development and potential demand of the energy saving and emission reduction in Beijing traffic industry. Through application of energy and emission prediction model which based on the vehicle activity data, the development goals of “one drop, double control, and triple upgrade” have been put forward. In order to achieve the goal, “5 + 1” development strategies should be implemented, and we also proposed the thinking and recommendations on sustainable development of transportation.

Summary of Steam System Optimization and Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Practice in Yanshan Petrochemical Company

This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment efficiency.The results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·h.Green power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried out.According to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in 2021.After the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.

Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency Standards for Room Air Conditioners in the US

This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determine the effect of standards on a representative sample of U.S. consumers: life-cycle cost change and payback period. For the national impact analysis, we evaluated national energy savings attributable to each potential standard, the monetary value of the energy savings to consumers of room air conditioners, the increased total installed costs because of standards, and the net present value of the difference between the value of energy savings and increased total installed costs. Our analysis indicates that standards for room air conditioners at efficiency level 3, which is 17% more efficient than today’s typical unit in the case of room air conditioners less than 6000 Btu/h with louvers and 12% more efficient in the case of room air conditioners 8000 - 13,999 Btu/h with louvers, would save close to one quad of energy over 30 years and have a net present value of consumer benefit of between ?$0.14 billion and $1.82 billion, depending on the discount rate. In addition, such standards would reduce carbon dioxide emissions and NOx emissions.

The Energy Efficiency Gap in Maritime Transport

There is evidence that the shipping industry could achieve energy efficiency gains through the implementation of new technologies, with considerable reductions of fuel costs and emissions to air in the sector. Although the cost reducing effects of some new technologies are well established, companies appear reluctant to innovate despite the financial and societal benefits, as a result of what is referred to as the energy efficiency gap. The global emission impacts of the shipping industry, most notably of greenhouse gases, sulphur and nitrogen oxides are increasingly attracting the attention of regulators, non-governmental organisations and the media, and shipping companies are under pressure to find new ways to reduce their emission footprint. Understanding the determinants of the energy efficiency gap in shipping is then critical in improving the environmental profile of the industry. This paper presents the results of a survey among Norwegian shipping companies aimed at gaining a better understanding of the barriers to implementation of new cost saving technologies. The paper assesses the technical barriers that have traditionally been indicated as the main cause of the energy efficiency gap in shipping. The paper results indicate that next to technical factors, important barriers are constituted also by managerial practices and legal constraints.

A Self-Powered Energy-Saving Epidemic Prevention Tent

The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic prevention awning has become one of the essential basic epidemic prevention facilities.However,most of the epidemic awnings are manufactured for the isolation and protection from wind and rain,which could not meet the needs of electricity allocation during emergencies.Therefore,our goal is to design a new energy-saving epidemic prevention tent that is green,stable,and easy to shrink.It is equipped with multiple energy storage and multivariate methods to achieve self-supply of electric energy.First the“1+1”arrangement design of solar power panels on the anti-epidemic tent and pressure power panels combined with the design of pressure power panels under the tent can receive various energy inputs.At the same time,retractable brackets are designed under the four pillars,which are easy to fold and enhance the stability of the canopy.The utilization of energy is more diversified to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.Its market value is broad,and the development prospect is good.

高质量发展下中国工业企业碳减排路径选择

管理改进与技术创新是工业企业实现高质量减排的两大关键路径。运用Shapley值分解方法实证测度了技术创新与管理改进对工业企业碳减排技术进步效率的贡献作用。结果发现,整体上技术创新与管理改进的贡献率分别为28.45%和71.55%,并且二者贡献率在不同类型特征企业之间存在明显差异。随着企业技术进步水平、雇佣规模和能耗水平的提升,技术创新的贡献率逐步递减,而管理创新的贡献率则呈现递增趋势。首次对企业管理改进与技术创新对碳排放效率的贡献进行测度,为优化“双碳”目标政策与指导企业减排行动提供有益参考。

中国水泥行业2011-2022年二氧化碳和大气污染物排放分析

2011—2021年,熟料产量呈波动上升趋势。水泥行业整体生产运行水平不断提高,熟料单条生产线平均规模由43.8万t/条提升至115.3万t/条,熟料单位产品综合能耗下降14.4%,熟料单位产品CO_(2)排放强度下降6.3%,但CO_(2)排放总量增加了13.8%,与氮氧化物减排趋势形成较大反差,碳污治理水平差距明显。熟料生产中石灰石分解和煤炭燃烧过程的CO_(2)排放合计占比为92.9%~93.8%,是CO_(2)排放的主要来源。由于熟料系数偏高、非碳酸盐原料替代不足、综合能耗仍然较高等原因,安徽等7个熟料产量大的省份的CO_(2)排放强度高于全国。建议实行碳酸盐熟料产量总量控制,逐步降低熟料应用比例,加快建材市场熟料产品和非碳酸盐原料替代,降低高标号水泥使用比例。应大力推广水泥行业节能降耗增效技术,加快熟料落后产能淘汰。对熟料产量大、碳排放强度高的地区,应结合当地碳排放特点,实行差别化降碳策略。各大气污染防治重点区域应因地施策推进水泥行业减污降碳工作。

绿色技术创新对我国碳减排的影响——基于省级区域面板数据的实证分析

为了早日实现“碳达峰碳中和目标”,我国提出要建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系,而绿色技术创新是推动绿色高质量发展的关键核心,也是解决我国现实生态环境问题的重要支撑。为了研究绿色技术创新对地区碳减排的影响机制,文章基于我国30个省份2011-2020年的面板数据构建固定效应模型,并检验了能源利用率的中介机制和地方政府竞争的调节作用。研究发现,绿色技术创新可以显著促进碳减排,但这一促进作用在我国东部地区最显著,而在中部地区和西部地区不显著;进一步研究发现,绿色技术创新可以通过提高能源利用率促进碳减排,但地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新的促进作用起到负向调节作用。本研究为提高我国绿色技术创新能力、助力“双碳目标”的实现以及促进地方政府有序竞争提供了理论支撑和对策建议。

环境补贴能提升企业碳绩效吗--基于A股上市公司实证分析

环境补贴既是国家实现“双碳”目标的宏观调控手段,也是减轻企业环保负担、引导企业节能减排的推动力。选取2014~2019年接受环境补贴的1094家A股上市公司3735个观测值作为研究样本,采用双向固定效应模型,实证探究环境补贴对企业碳绩效的影响。研究表明,环境补贴与企业碳绩效显著正相关且具有滞后性特征,异质性检验发现,成立时间长的企业、国有企业、东部地区与中低污染企业环境补贴作用效果显著;进一步研究发现,环境补贴中的节能减排补贴与企业碳绩效显著正相关,环境治理补贴对企业碳绩效起负向作用。据此,提出环境补贴应以降碳为重点、减污降碳协同增效为目的等建议。

数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的影响机制与空间效应

在“双碳”约束日益紧迫和经济下行压力加大的现实背景下,数字普惠金融成为城市经济绿色低碳高质量发展的新动能和可持续增长极。使用非径向方向距离函数测算中国2011-2020年273个地级市能源环境效率,实证检验数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的空间效应及其影响机制。研究发现:(1)能源环境效率呈现出正向空间依赖特征,本地区能源环境效率的提高可以对空间关联地区的能源环境效率产生积极影响。(2)数字普惠金融提高了本地区的能源环境效率,且对周边地区的能源环境效率具有显著正向的空间溢出效应。(3)数字普惠金融主要通过推动节能降耗、促进绿色技术创新和优化产业结构三条途径提高能源环境效率,并且数字普惠金融能通过这三条途径同时提高本地区和周边地区的能源环境效率。(4)数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的正向空间溢出效应在使用深度和数字化程度维度、500km范围内、大型城市、非老工业基地和东部城市更加明显。研究结论为中国能源绿色低碳转型的金融服务优化路径提供了科学决策依据。