dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on ...dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on environment. So the assessment to the rationality of industrial structure is of great importance. Inpresent paper, the research theories and ways on relationship between industrial structure and ecological en-vironmental systems were put forward. Environmental carrying capacity (ECC) was adopted to describequantitatively the relationship between man's social economic activity and environmental resources. At theend of this paper. analysis was made with Benxi City as an example.展开更多
Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment sector.Smart contract technology,exemplifying b...Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment sector.Smart contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this sector.However,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on Nigeria.Consequently,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications.To investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation.The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction agencies.The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach.The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector.Among the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector.The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers.In conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their usage.It may serve as a pioneering effort,especially within the context of Nigeria.展开更多
Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissi...Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008(614.1 g I-TEQ) and 49.7% in 2010(601.8 g I-TEQ) based on 2006(401.9 g I-TEQ). According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect(contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006), which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008(contributed 21.9%) and decreased the emissions in 2010(contributed-28.0%). However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect(contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006) having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.展开更多
Air pollution is detrimental to human health,causing several human illnesses.The industrial microenvironment generates high levels of indoor airborne pollutants,becoming a pervasive issue for workers.It is essential t...Air pollution is detrimental to human health,causing several human illnesses.The industrial microenvironment generates high levels of indoor airborne pollutants,becoming a pervasive issue for workers.It is essential to im-prove the indoor air quality in this workplace by applying enhanced ventilation systems to minimize inhalation risk.Displacement ventilation is used in industrial buildings because of its stratified air distribution and low cost.However,in case of accidental pollutant release,an enhancement is needed to minimize inhalation exposure.This study proposes a hybrid emergency ventilation system using localized push-pull ventilation to improve the installed displacement ventilation system of a representative workshop.Computational fluid dynamics was ap-plied to calculate steady-state indoor air flow and volume-averaged pollutant concentration.System performance was evaluated in terms of source position;a computer simulated person was integrated to the building to confirm effectiveness against personal inhalation.Results showed marked improvement in performance when push-pull technique was used:room-averaged concentration diminished up to 91%while ventilation rate only increased 4%.Inhaled pollutant mitigation was achieved but performance dependence against leakage source and personal position was confirmed.展开更多
文摘dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on environment. So the assessment to the rationality of industrial structure is of great importance. Inpresent paper, the research theories and ways on relationship between industrial structure and ecological en-vironmental systems were put forward. Environmental carrying capacity (ECC) was adopted to describequantitatively the relationship between man's social economic activity and environmental resources. At theend of this paper. analysis was made with Benxi City as an example.
基金funded by Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment and Construction Industry Development Board(CIDB)Centre of Excellence,University of Johannesburg,South Africa(Grant No.05-35-061890).
文摘Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment sector.Smart contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this sector.However,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on Nigeria.Consequently,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications.To investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation.The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction agencies.The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach.The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector.Among the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector.The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers.In conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their usage.It may serve as a pioneering effort,especially within the context of Nigeria.
基金financed primarily by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2012DFA91150)the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. KZZD-EW-TZ-12the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371488, 41171394)
文摘Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008(614.1 g I-TEQ) and 49.7% in 2010(601.8 g I-TEQ) based on 2006(401.9 g I-TEQ). According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect(contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006), which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008(contributed 21.9%) and decreased the emissions in 2010(contributed-28.0%). However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect(contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006) having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.
基金supported by JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)KAKENHI,Category(A)of Scientific Research(Grant Number JP 18H03807).
文摘Air pollution is detrimental to human health,causing several human illnesses.The industrial microenvironment generates high levels of indoor airborne pollutants,becoming a pervasive issue for workers.It is essential to im-prove the indoor air quality in this workplace by applying enhanced ventilation systems to minimize inhalation risk.Displacement ventilation is used in industrial buildings because of its stratified air distribution and low cost.However,in case of accidental pollutant release,an enhancement is needed to minimize inhalation exposure.This study proposes a hybrid emergency ventilation system using localized push-pull ventilation to improve the installed displacement ventilation system of a representative workshop.Computational fluid dynamics was ap-plied to calculate steady-state indoor air flow and volume-averaged pollutant concentration.System performance was evaluated in terms of source position;a computer simulated person was integrated to the building to confirm effectiveness against personal inhalation.Results showed marked improvement in performance when push-pull technique was used:room-averaged concentration diminished up to 91%while ventilation rate only increased 4%.Inhaled pollutant mitigation was achieved but performance dependence against leakage source and personal position was confirmed.