Sensitivity of Chinese Industrial Wastewater Discharge Reduction to Direct Input Coefficients in an Input-output Context

Industrial wastewater discharge in China is increasing with the country′s economic development and it is worthy of concern. The discharge is primarily relevant to the direct discharge coefficient of each sector of the economy, its direct input coefficient and the final demand in input-output models. In this study, we calculated the sensitivity of the reduction in the Chinese industrial wastewater discharge using the direct input coefficients based on the theory of error-transmission in an input-output framework. Using input-output models, we calculated the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coefficients. Analysis of 2007 input-output data of 30 sectors of the Chinese economy and of 30 provincial regions of China indicates that by lowering their direct input coefficients, the manufacturers of textiles, paper and paper products, chemical products, smelting and metal pressing, telecommunication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment will significantly reduce their amounts of industrial wastewater discharge. By lowering intra-provincial direct input coefficients to industrial sectors themselves of Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, there will be a significant reduction in industrial wastewater discharge for the country as a whole. Investment in production technology and improvement in organizational efficiency in these sectors and in these provinces can help lessen the direct input coefficients, thereby effectively achieving a reduction in industrial wastewater discharge in China via industrial restructuring.

Exploring the Dynamics of Industrial Convergence Among RCEP Member Countries: An Empirical Study

The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.

Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution of Manufacturing Geographical Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of Old Industrial Base:A Case of Jilin Province,China

The primary object of this paper is to examine the spatial-temporal pattern evolution of manufacturing geographical agglomeration of the old industrial base.Industrial spatial agglomeration index and concentration ratio are used in this paper.Multiple linear regression models are also applied to try to explore the internal driving mechanisms on manufacturing geographical agglomeration.The results show that:1) the manufacturing agglomeration degree of Jilin Province is increasing gradually.The spatial polarization structure is visible;and the central region is the agglomeration area,in addition,the manufacturing industries of Changchun Proper present a trend of dispersion;2) the structure of manufacturing industries has changed,and the concentration ratio of labor-intensive manufacturing industry is declining,while the proportions of technology-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industry are relatively rising;3) marketing level,location accessibility,labor resources,capital,science and technology innovation capability,scale economy and the level of globalization affect manufacturing agglomeration with different degree.There are significant differences of the effects about employment,technology,the quality of residents and the export-oriented market on the industrial concentration ratio;4) in the future,the impact of policy and institution,export-oriented market and quality of resident on manufacturing geographical agglomeration pattern will be more profound.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

Biochemical changes during composting of coir pith waste as influenced by different agro industrial wastes

Coir pith, a byproduct of coconut husk is difficult to decompose due to its high lignin and cellulose content. In this study, coir pith was composted with different agro industrial by products such as cow dung, vegetable market waste, poultry waste and microbial consortium. The different treatment combinations used in the present study were Control, T1 (Coir pith + Cow dung + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + mixed microbial culture (Trichoderma viridae + Pleurotus sajar caju), T2 (Coir pith + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + Tank slit + Mixed microbial culture) and T3 (Coir pith + Cow dung + poultry waste + tank slit + mixed microbial culture). At the end of 12th week, in the treatment T1, C: N ratio of 21.8:1 was observed in the composted coir pith sample. Highest P content of 0.47% and K content of 1.2% and the least Cellulose and Lignin contents of 22.8% and 10.03% were recorded in the T1 treatment after a composting period of 12 weeks. Highest pH of 7.4 was observed in the treatment T3, this was followed by T1 (7.2) treatment.

Strategies to Promote Sustainable Development of Industrial Parks in Vietnam＇s Northern Key Economic Zone

Industrial Parks （IPs） in the Northern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam （NKEZ） have been making significant contributions to the development of the zone since the first two industrial parks--Noi Bai in Hanoi and Nomura in Hal Phong--were established 15 years ago. So far, there have been 51 IPs in the zone, covering a total area of 13,000 ha. Such IPs play a crucial role in mobilizing capital from domestic and international investors for investments in infrastructure enhancement, trade and production aimed at promoting the economic structure transition. However, besides the above benefits, there are a number of unstable factors preventing further development of the IPs. Thus, the objectives of this study are two-fold. The first is to analyze the unstable factors, and the second is to map out strategies to enhance sustainable development of industrial parks in Vietnam＇s northern key economic zone.

Analyzing the Role of Creative Industries in National Economy of Japan: 1995-2005

The purposes of this study are 1) to get another perspective related to the role of creative industries in national economy of Japan from 1995-2005 and 2) to know the ways to improve these sectors. This study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as a tool of analysis. More specifically, this study uses simple output multipliers and demand-pull IO quantity model. Comparison with previous study is conducted in order to achieve the first objective. Another perspective related to above role is obtained from this study, namely creative industries, using simple output multipliers method, did not have an important role in national economy of Japan in analysis period. The results also show that the patterns of total output of creative industries of Japan on future period are not identic. Nevertheless, these sectors have one similarity, namely the modification of import will decrease their total output. This phenomenon indicates that import restriction related to these sector’s products is needed.

A Study on Input-Output Efficiency of Citrus in Jiangxi Province

This paper analyzes the citrus input-output efficiency by using the DEA-Malmquist productivity index methods based on the data of six counties in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2013.The result shows that TFP of Jiangxi citrus is at low level overall,but the development is rapid.Technological progress is the driving force to promote productivity growth.Based on the static analysis study of six counties in 2013,it is found that the available input factors on the whole are in an ideal condition,and the citrus input factors in a few counties are redundant.Therefore,according to the results,the following policy recommendations are proposed:speeding up the intensive production of citrus in Jiangxi Province,to maximize the scale effect;adjusting the input ratio of various factors of production,so as to improve the citrus input-output efficiency.

Real Time Automation and Ratio Control Using PLC&SCADA in Industry 4.0

Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world.All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System(DCS)in industries such as power stations,agricultural systems,chemical and water treatment plants.Instead of control through DCS,this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant.A specific design and implementation method for development of SCADA/PLC based real time ratio control and automated assembly line system in a chemical plant is introduced.The assembly line division is further divided into sorting stage,filling stage and the auxiliary stage,which includes the capping unit,labelling unit and then the storage.In the ratio control division,we have defined the levels inside the mixer and ratio of the raw materials through human machine interface(HMI)panel.The ratio of raw materials is kept constant on the basis of flow rates of wild stream and manipulated stream.There is a flexibility in defining new levels and the ratios of the raw materials inside the mixer.But here we taken the predefined levels(low,medium,high)and ratios(3:4,2:1,2:5).Control valves are used for regulating the flow of the compositions.In the assembly line division,the containers are sorted on the basis of size and type of material used i.e.,big sized metallic containers and small sized non-metallic containers by inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.All the processes are facilitated with laser beam type or reflective type sensors on the conveyor system.Building a highly stable and dependable PLC/SCADA system instead of Distributed Control System is required to achieve automatic management and control of chemical industry processes to reduce waste manpower and physical resources,as well as to improve worker safety.

Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in China

This paper uses an input-output table of China's provinces(2007-2016) to measure carbon emissions of these industries.It employs a Malmquist-Luenberger(ML) index with expected and undesired outputs,and an absolute β convergence and a conditional β convergence model,to conduct an in-depth analysis of dynamic changes and spatial convergence.Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in 25 regions,including Shanghai,Chongqing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu are increasing,whereas those of Tianjin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Tibet are decreasing.The main contributing factors of carbon emission efficiency in three major regions vary over time.Further,carbon emission efficiency in the eastern,central,and western regions all have absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence,indicating that different regions are developing toward their own goals and industry,yet regions with lower efficiency are catching up with those where with more efficient strategies in place.Finally,this paper proposes according recommendations.

The R&D of a Novel Sulfur Tolerant CO Shift Catalyst and Its Application in the Integrated Low Water Gas Ratio Process

The QDB-5 sulfur tolerant CO shift catalyst, with anti-methanation property by supported compositing alkali promoters, has been proved to effectively reduce the outlet methane content in the condition of a low water gas ratio. Thus, a new technology based on a lower water/gas ratio than before has been developed with the new catalyst. The CO conversion at lower temperatures and catalyst stability were confirmed by long term industrial application. The high temperature catalyst performance also showed a better result than the conventional commercial catalyst, with higher CO conversion and well controlled methane outlet. Our research and the industrial application of catalyst have shown the importance of alkali metals as core promoters for such kind of catalysts.

Wood Pellet Co-Firing for Electric Generation Source of Income for Forest Based Low Income Communities in Alabama

Alabama imports coal from other states to generate electricity. This paper assessed the direct and indirect economic impacts of wood pellet production to be co-fired with coal for power generation in Alabama. Four sizes of wood pellet plants and regional input-output models were used for the analysis. The results showed that the economic impact increases with the size of the plant. Wood pellet production will have a multiplier effect on the economy especially, forest-related services, retail stores, the health service industry, and tax revenue for the government. Domestic wood pellet production can reduce the use of imported coal, allow the use of local woody biomass, and create economic activities in Alabama’s rural communities. Policies that support the production of wood pellet will serve to encourage the use of wood for power generation and support the rural economies.

Development of service industry in Shandong province based on input-output method

Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industry in Shandong province's ability, we make a theoretical analysis framework of a comprehensive in-depth analysis on pull employment, creatively will cost tax rate, fully and completely labor capital and the combination of both the industry development space. So that the industry's ability to pull the employment can be considered, and to realize rapid and sustained development of service industry in Shandong province.

Factors Affecting the Ratio of Service Industry in GDP： A Comparative Analysis of China, Japan, and South Korea

Based on the input-output model and using a demand side approach, this paper surveys how factors such as consumption, investment, net export, intermediate input and price affect the ratio of China＇s service industry as compared with Japan and South Korea. An analysis of China＇s data indicates that price and residential consumption structure are key contributing factors to the rising ratio of the service industry. Conversely, intermediate input and government consumption are factors that lead to a decrease in the ratio of the service industry. An analysis of Japan and South Korea shows that price and residential consumption structures were linked to the rises in their service industry. This paper concludes that the ratio of China＇s service industry to gross domestic product （GDP） will continue to rise over the 12th Five-Year Plan period （2011-2015） and beyond.

雌雄配比和种植密度对单雌性工业大麻籽糠产量的影响

以单雌性工业大麻云麻雌1号作为对象,研究不同雌雄配比(雄株比例为10%、20%和30%)种植模式下种植密度(5210、10420、15630株/hm^(2))对麻籽和麻糠产量的影响,进而探讨单雌性工业大麻用于籽糠兼用的生产模式。结果表明,在同一雌雄比例下,种植密度越大,麻籽、麻糠、麻秆及大麻二酚(CBD)理论产量越高;在最大种植密度15630株/hm^(2)下,20%雄株率下的麻籽、麻糠、麻秆及CBD理论产量均高于10%和30%雄株率的产量,其麻籽产量为5738.02 kg/hm^(2),麻糠产量为6087.14 kg/hm^(2),麻秆产量为9396.35 kg/hm^(2),CBD理论产量127.58 kg/hm^(2)。在单雌性工业大麻云麻雌1号籽糠生产实践中,建议配置花期一致的20%左右雄株,保证授粉充足,实现麻籽和麻糠丰产。

江门市某厂房制冷机房系统实际运行分析

以广东某工业厂房中央空调制冷机房系统为例,对其运行现状进行分析,得出制冷机房系统全年综合能效比约为4.7,系统实际最大供冷量不超过原设计容量的60%。经系统测试计算,夏季某典型日机房EER均值为5.12,日耗电量可达4348 kW·h,主机COP均值为6.67,水泵WTF均值可达50以上,冷却塔热质交换系数εct均值为0.53、冷冻供回水温差均值为5.1℃、冷却供回水温差均值为4.6℃。而过渡季节典型日和冬季典型日,EER均值分别为4.86和4.10、日耗电量分别为1684 kW·h和1431 kW·h、COP均值分别为9.14和12.45、WTF均值分别为32和15、εct均值分别为0.38和0.2、冷冻水温差均值分别为2.5℃和1.1℃、冷却水温差均值分别为1.71℃和0.75℃。结果表明:该系统季节运行模式需要改善,部分设备热质交换效率不高,系统设计可以进一步优化。

神经网络阻尼比模型及工业机器人导纳控制

在工业机器人打磨过程中,环境刚度随未知环境的变化,将对力控制精度产生不利的影响,针对环境刚度变化的问题,该文提出一种基于神经网络阻尼比模型的自适应导纳控制方法。在导纳控制设计中,根据力误差与系统阻尼比之间的机理关系,设计激励函数,构造神经网络阻尼比模型;通过该模型使阻尼比在线调整,适应末端环境的刚度变化,实现力到位置自适应转换的导纳控制。与常规导纳控制进行仿真比较,结果表明所提出的力控制策略力误差更小,响应速度更快,能适应变刚度的未知打磨环境。

阻垢剂在低温多效海水淡化装置中的工业化应用

目前我国低温多效海水淡化水处理药剂基本为国外公司垄断,价格昂贵。国产海水淡化阻垢缓蚀剂也正在突破瓶颈,质量、性能日渐成熟,但是缺乏统一、完善系统的方法验证,同时缺乏大型海水淡化工程考核验收平台,导致海水淡化水处理药剂价格居高不下。为打破国外垄断,提升我国海水淡化药剂自主创新能力和核心竞争力,并降低药剂使用成本,采用2.5万t/d低温多效海水淡化装置,开展了SD210阻垢剂在工业化试验装置中应用研究。试验结果表明:在为期2个月的试验期内,在SD210投加质量浓度为4~8 mg/L条件下,装置运行安全、平稳,无明显结垢和腐蚀现象;且海水淡化装置产品水水质优于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)所规定的指标要求。综上,SD210阻垢性能良好,能满足低温多效海水淡化装置使用要求。

中心城市科技创新能促进城市群协调发展吗?——兼论收入房价比的调节作用

利用2007—2019年127个地级市的数据,系统检验了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的影响机制,并讨论了收入房价比对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:第一,中心城市科技创新水平的提高不仅显著促进了城市群协调发展,还加快了外围城市经济增长收敛,并在不同地区和不同发展阶段的城市群表现出明显的异质性。第二,中心城市科技创新通过深化产业分工促进城市群协调发展。第三,收入房价比能够调节中心城市科技创新与城市群协调发展之间的关系,但调节效果存在区域异质性,仅在中部地区显著增强了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的促进作用,对东部和西部地区没有明显的调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了中心城市科技创新影响城市群协调发展的理论研究,且在提高收入房价比方面提供了政策启示。

基于无废企业工业废料充填体强度与材料配比优化研究

为了构建无废企业,某煤电一体化企业采用连采连充式充填来循环再利用其生产的工业废弃物。结合充填工艺特点,以矸石和炉渣为骨料,粉煤灰、石膏、水泥和电厂废水配成的浆液为胶结材料,用DPS数据处理系统建立回归模型,通过方差分析与响应曲面分析法分析双因素交互作用下对充填体强度影响。研究结果表明,石膏水泥比与矸石浆液比交互作用影响最大,其次是粉煤灰水泥比与矸石浆液比的交互作用,石膏水泥比与粉煤灰水泥比交互作用影响最小。根据优化结果得到最终配比为石膏水泥比0.1,粉煤灰水泥比0.35,矸石浆液比2.9,以此参数得到充填体试验最终强度为5.21 MPa,其相对误差小于5%。研究结果可为无废企业的废弃物的循环再利用提供借鉴。