Sensitivity of Chinese Industrial Wastewater Discharge Reduction to Direct Input Coefficients in an Input-output Context

Industrial wastewater discharge in China is increasing with the country′s economic development and it is worthy of concern. The discharge is primarily relevant to the direct discharge coefficient of each sector of the economy, its direct input coefficient and the final demand in input-output models. In this study, we calculated the sensitivity of the reduction in the Chinese industrial wastewater discharge using the direct input coefficients based on the theory of error-transmission in an input-output framework. Using input-output models, we calculated the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coefficients. Analysis of 2007 input-output data of 30 sectors of the Chinese economy and of 30 provincial regions of China indicates that by lowering their direct input coefficients, the manufacturers of textiles, paper and paper products, chemical products, smelting and metal pressing, telecommunication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment will significantly reduce their amounts of industrial wastewater discharge. By lowering intra-provincial direct input coefficients to industrial sectors themselves of Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, there will be a significant reduction in industrial wastewater discharge for the country as a whole. Investment in production technology and improvement in organizational efficiency in these sectors and in these provinces can help lessen the direct input coefficients, thereby effectively achieving a reduction in industrial wastewater discharge in China via industrial restructuring.

New Perspectives on Restructuring of Old Industrial Areas in China: A Critical Review and Research Agenda

The restructuring of old industrial areas has been receiving much attention in regional development studies both in industrialized and emerging economies. Although ample Chinese-speaking studies have been published on the topic, most of them suffer from paying too little attention to dynamic multi-scalar interactions between firms, institutions, policies and places, as well as a too strong focus on individual cases. They also mostly disregard internationally recognized concepts and theories in the field. Based on these internationally recognized modern concepts, this paper therefore puts forward some potential avenues for future research on the evolution of old industrial areas in China, which should overcome existing deficits in the Chinese-speaking literature. It suggests that some evolutionary economic geography concepts such as path dependence, lock-in, path creation, relatedness, as well as multi-scalar institutional and leadership approaches have useful potentials to better understand the evolutionary processes and mechanisms of old industrial areas in China.

A New Round of Global Industrial Restructuring

A new round of global industrial restructuring has been rapidly under way as eco-nomic globalization and revolutionary advances in information technology pickup momentum. Such strategic option geared to the digital economy in preparationfor the arrival of the knowledge economy will exert profound and far-reaching im-pact on the world economics and global competition in the new century. For this,the world major economies are making readjustments in their development strategies and working out new industrial policies in pursuit of commanding heights inthe world economic configuration or an invincible position in the 21st century.

Dual Focus upon Industrial Restructuring and Market Access Management

The Central Economic Working Conference of the CPC sets out an important mission for China’s economic development in 2007:"tak- ing energy conservation and protection of the ecological environment as the starting point,actively promote optimization and upgrade of the industrial structure".

Prospects for China ＇s Industrial Development and Restructuring during 2011-2015

China＇s industrialization ＆ currently in the second half of the intermediate stage and is moving rapidly towards the late stage. It is expected that China ＇s industrial level will reach the first half of the late industrialization stage during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Meanwhile, China ＇s heavy industries will grow, advanced manufacturing will accelerate, strategic emerging industries will be rapidly cultivated and interaction between informationization and industrialization will gain momentum. As regards industry restructuring, outmoded industries will be phased out in favor of advanced industries; merging and reorganization as well as differentiated development of large enterprises and SMEs will be the keystone of industrial organization adjustment; technical renovation and independent innovation will be the focus of adjustment of the technical structure： and the industrial layout will highlight agglomerated development, implementation of coastal development strategies and construction of primary function areas.

The Relationship between Financial Development and Industrial Restructuring --Based on Panel Data of 17 Areas of Shandong

Based on the Panel Data of Shan dong Province of 17 regions, by estimating varying coefficient models, studies the relationship between financial development and industrial structure.The results show that, on the whole, the financial development indicators-the scale and the efficiency can effectively promote industrial restructuring in all regions of Shandong province, but its role has obvious differences in different regions, so it can provide a basis for economic decision-making and financial policy advice.

China Great Wall Industry Corporation Restructured

In order to carry out the arrangements of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council so as to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and to establish a modern enterprise system,CGWIC has been restructured to a limited liability company (legal entity wholly owned) from

Who Gets up or Gets out?——A joint circular to urge textile industry to be restructured and upgraded

Ten governmental organizations recently issued a joint circular (No.762-2006, State Development & Reform Commission) to guide Chinese textile growth in the next five years (2006-2010). The circular, seriously taken as guideline policy, is given out amid aggravating factors for resources, environment, trade disputes, structural problems and other challenging issues that Chinese textile industry is supposed to address in

Restructuring water industry in China: towards sustainable urbanization

In its urbanization course, China is faced with a scarcity of water resources in terms of both water quantity and quality. The development of water industry is a fundamental way to alleviate water shortage. Influenced by the traditional planned economy, Chinas urban water industry has been mainly owned and run by local municipal governments. Their tight fiscal budgets have led to very inadequate investments in water industry and thus, caused a slow development of water industry. In this case, restructuring urban water industry is very important. Based on the discussion concerning the trend of demand for and supply of urban water resources, this paper explores such strategic issues as water industry organization and integrated approaches addressing water scarcity. These are followed by a discussion of introducing market mechanism for restructuring water industry.

Evaluation of power market designs on investment incentives and capacity adequacy

Electricity industry restructuring should not sacrifice supply security to pursue economic efficiency. Till now there is no academic consensus on which electricity market design provides the least distorting investment incentives. Alternative approaches that have been adopted around the world for ensuring the appropriate level of investment in electric generation capacity are discussed, and much attention is devoted on the evaluation of capacity payment systems. The finding is that on one hand, capacity payment systems have good effect on reducing spot market price volatility and increasing the volume of generating capacity at the costs of relatively high total electricity prices; on the other hand, however, they are not robust against either the abuse of market power in the energy market or being manipulated.

European Sovereign Debt Crisis's Influence and Enlightenment on China

对中国的欧洲主权债务危机从形成到逐步影响中国的各个方面进行详尽分析和探讨,包括对汇率、对外贸易、金融政策等的影响,指出应以欧洲主权债务危机为戒,改进中国地方政府债务的监管体制。

The Effect of "Pressure-Type" Fiscal Incentives on Industrial Restructuring in China

The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the driving force to build a new development pattern and improve the quality and efficiency of economic development.China's"pressure-type"fiscal incentives(PTFIs)are an important perspective from which the law of industrial structure change can be analyzed.Based on the dynamic panel data of 285 cities in China and the behavioral characteristics of local governments,this paper explores the effects of PTFIs on industrial restructuring using the GMM estimation method.It is found that PTFIs are conducive to improving the"quantity"of industrial structure upgrading(ISU),but not conducive to improving the"quality"of ISU or the rationalization of industrial structure(RIS).Mechanism identification reveals that,with PTFIs,local governments influence industrial restructuring mainly by"expanding financial resources with land"(EFRWL)and increasing the intensity of tax collection and management(ITCM).Further discussion reveals that a higher degree of fiscal decentralization and environmental regulation can effectively alleviate the negative impact of PTFIs on industrial restructuring.Accordingly,this paper puts forward some policy recommendations to promote the balanced development of industrial structure,such as improving the institutional conditions and standardizing the behavior of local governments.

Jiangxi Restructures Jiangxi Tungsten Industry Group, a Feast of Investment in the Tungsten Industry is Imminent

On August 30 this year,the state-owned enterprise reform in Jiangxi Province made fresh progress.Jiangxi,a province long acclaimed as the'Global Capital of Tungsten',this time focuses the key reform target on tungsten and rare metals.According to Chen Deqin,Secretary of the CPC Party Committee of Jiangxi Province State-owned

Overview on China's Rare Earth Industry Restructuring and Regulation Reforms

Rare earth elements （REEs） that are key to new technologies and green innovations are critical to life in modern societies. China continues to dominate the global REEs market despite several international trade disputes and market fluctuations. Pressured by an increasingly difficult situation, the Chinese government has been carrying out industry restructuring and has introduced regulatory reforms in recent years to promote the healthy develop- ment of the rare earth industry. This paper reviews the literature on the development of the rare earth industry and analyzes the reform policies, combining this with an analysis of relevant macroeconomic data. It discusses the current status of China＇s rare earth industry, the progress of industrial restructuring and the main problems the rare earth industry faces. The paper discusses the evolution of rare earth policies from that of ＂open production and open supply＂ to that of ＂limiting low quality development but encouraging export of high quality rare earths＂ and then to ＂integrating rare earth resources trade＂. Six key policies, including those for export quotas, export duties, environmental laws, resource utilization technology, industry consolidation and stockpiling, are discussed in detail. Policy suggestions based on this discussion are put forward concerning the treatment of small rare earth mines in China： firstly, robust efforts to prevent illegal mining must always be maintained; secondly, it is certain that the formation of large-scale conglomerates should be accelerated in the near future; thirdly, the management of key sections should be reinforced; fourthly, support for technological innovation and the development of the applications industry should continue; fifthly, specific rare earths laws and regulations should be greatly improved. The paper also puts forward some suggestions on revisions to improve mineral resources law： firstly, China must increase the market access threshold and suppress low-end excess production capacity; secondly, the new environmental protection verification must be developed for all rare earth enterprises; thirdly, minimum required indicators for the development and utilization of rare earths resources must be implemented in China. These recommendations can serve as a reference for efforts to promote the sustainable development of China＇s rare earth industry.