CO_(2) mineralization by typical industrial solid wastes for preparing ultrafine CaCO_(3): A review

Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.

Reaction Process of Chromium Slag Reduced by Industrial Waste in Solid Phase

M, a particular industrial waste, was selected to detoxify chromium slag at a high temperature. The carbon remaining in M reduced Cr （ Ⅳ ） of Na2 CrO4 borne in the chromium slag to Cr （ Ⅲ ） in the solid phase reaction, and its thermodynamics and kinetics were studied. The reduction process of Na2CrO4 by carbon produced CO, whiCh＇was endothermic. Under the experimental condition, the apparent activation energy was 4. 41 kJ·mol^-1 , the＇apparent order of reaction for Na2 CrO4 was equal to one, and the partial pressure of CO was only 0.22 Pa at 1 330℃.

Review of the fabrication and application of porous materials from silicon-rich industrial solid waste

Porous materials have promise as sound insulation, heat barrier, vibration attenuation, and catalysts. Most industrial solid wastes, such as tailings, coal gangue, and fly ash are rich in silicon. Additionally, a high silicon content waste is a potential raw material for the syn- thesis of silicon-based, multi-porous materials such as zeolites, mesoporous silica, glass-ceramics, and geopolymer foams. Representative sil- icon-rich industrial solid wastes (SRISWs) are the focus of this mini review of the processing and application of porous silicon materials with respect to the physical and chemical properties of the SRISW. The transformation methods of preparing porous materials from SRISWs are summarized, and their research status in micro-, meso-, and macro-scale porous materials are described. Possible problems in the application of SRISWs and in the preparation of functional porous materials are analyzed, and their development prospects are discussed. This review should provide a typical reference for the recycling and use of industrial solid wastes to develop sustainable “green materials.”

Simulation of biodiesel industrial production via solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

Biodiesel industrial production based on a solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed was simulated. The lab and bench scale experiments were carded out effectively, in which the kinetic model is established and it can describe the transesterification reaction well. The Antoine equation of biodiesel is regressed with the vapor-liquid data cited of literature. The non-random two liquid （NRTL） model is applied to describe the system of fatty acid methyl ester （FAME）, methanol and glycerol and parameters are obtained. The Ternary phase map is obtained from Aspen Plus via the liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） data. In order to describe the production in a fixed-bed performs in industrial scale after being magnified 1 000 times, the Aspen Plus simulation is employed, where two flowsheets are simulated to predict material and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that at least 350. 42 kW energy consumption can be reduced per hour to produce per ton biodiesel compared with data reported in previous references.

Industrial development of gas induced semi-solid process

The gas induced semi-solid(GISS) is a rheocasting process that produces semi-solid slurry by applying fine gas bubble injection through a graphite diffuser.The process is developed to be used in the die casting industry.To apply the GISS process with a die casting process,a GISS maker unit is designed and attached to a conventional die casting machine with little modifications.The commercial parts are developed and produced by the GISS die casting process.The GISS die casting shows the feasibility to produce industrial parts with aluminum 7075 and A356 with lower porosity than liquid die casting.

Research and development of gas induced semi-solid process for industrial applications

Several rheocasting processes are developed or applied worldwide in the metal forming industry.One of the new rheocasting processes is the gas induced semi-solid(GISS) process.The GISS process utilizes the principle of rapid heat extraction and vigorous local extraction using the injection of fine gas bubbles through a graphite diffuser.Several forming processes such as die casting,squeeze casting,gravity casting,and rheo-extrusion of the semi-solid slurries prepared by the GISS process have also been conducted.The GISS process is capable of processing various alloys including cast aluminum alloys,die casting aluminum alloys,wrought aluminum alloys,and zinc alloys.The GISS process is currently developed to be used commercially in the industry with the focus on forming semi-solid slurries containing low fractions solid(< 0.25) into parts.The research and development activities of the GISS process were discussed and the status of the industrial developments of this process was reported.

Research on Regional Industrial Solid Waste Comprehensive Utilization Ability Influencing Factors based on Panel Data

On the basis of panel data from 29 provinces and cities throughout the country in 2006-2010, a research is made on factors influencing regional industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization ability through a regression analysis method. Research result shows that a positive influence will generate on the comprehensive utilization ability of the industrial solid waste by three factors： regional industrial soldi waste treatment earning level, regional industrial soldi waste treatment investment level and regional industrial pollution treatment subsidy strength. And this thesis will propose suggestions from improving earning ability, enhartcing treatment investment and increasing government subsidy depending on result of empirical analysis.

Bird’s-eye view of recycled solid wastes in road engineering

Recent trends in road engineering have explored the potential of incorporating recycled solid wastes into infrastructures that including pavements,bridges,tunnels,and accessory structures.The utilization of solid wastes is expected to offer sustainable solutions to waste recycling while enhancing the performance of roads.This review provides an extensive analysis of the recycling of three main types of solid wastes for road engineering purposes:industrial solid waste,infrastructure solid waste,and municipal life solid waste.Industrial solid wastes suitable for road engineering generally include coal gangue,fly ash,blast furnace slag,silica fume,and steel slag,etc.Infrastructure solid wastes recycled in road engineering primarily consist of construction&demolition waste,reclaimed asphalt pavements,and recycled cement concrete.Furthermore,recent exploration has extended to the utilization of municipal life solid wastes,such as incinerated bottom ash,glass waste,electronics waste,plastic waste,and rubber waste in road engineering applications.These recycled solid wastes are categorized into solid waste aggregates,solid waste cements,and solid waste fillers,each playing distinct roles in road infrastructure.Roles of solid waste acting aggregates,cements,and fillers in road infrastructures were fully investigated,including their pozzolanic properties,integration effects to virgin materials,modification or enhancement solutions,engineering performances.Utilization of these materials not only addresses the challenge of waste management but also offers environmental benefits aiming carbon neutral and contributes to sustainable infrastructure development.However,challenges such as variability in material properties,environmental impact mitigation,secondary pollution to environment by leaching,and concerns regarding long-term performance need to be further addressed.Despite these challenges,the recycled solid wastes hold immense potential in revolutionizing road construction practices and fostering environmental stewardship.This review delves into a bird’seye view of the utilization of recycled solid wastes in road engineering,highlighting advances,benefits,challenges,and future prospects.

Preparation and hydration of industrial solid waste-cement blends:A review

Industrial solid waste(ISW)-cement blends have the advantages of low carbon,low energy consumption,and low pollution,but their clinker replacement level in low carbon cement is generally low.To address this challenge,this study considers the latest progress and development trends in the ISW-cement blend research,focusing on the activation of ISWs,the formation of ISW-cement blends,and their associated hydration mechanisms.After the mechanical activation of ISWs,the D50(average size)typically drops below 10μm,and the specific surface area increases above 350 m2/kg.Thermal activation can increase the glassy-phase content and reactivity of ISWs,where the coal gangue activation temperature is usually set at 400-1000°C.Furthermore,the roles of ISWs in the hydration of ISW-cement blends are divided into physical and chemical roles.The physical action of ISWs usually acts in the early stage of the hydration of ISW-cement blends.Subsequently,ISWs participate in the hydration reaction of ISW-cement blends to generate products,such as C-(A)-S-H gels.Moreover,alkali activation affects the hydration kinetics of ISW-cement blends and modifies the proportion of gels.Environmental impacts and costs of ISW-cement blends have also been discussed to guide stakeholders in selecting sustainable ISWs.

Biomolecules of Interest Present in the Main Industrial Wood Species Used in Indonesia-A Review

As a tropical archipelagic country,Indonesia’s forests possess high biodiversity,including its wide variety of wood species.Valorisation of biomolecules released from woody plant extracts has been gaining attractive interests since in the middle of 20th century.This paper focuses on a literature review of the potential valorisation of biomolecules released from twenty wood species exploited in Indonesia.It has revealed that depending on the natural origin of the wood species studied and harmonized with the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge,the extractives derived from the woody plants have given valuable heritages in the fields of medicines and pharmacology.The families of the bioactive compounds found in the extracts mainly consisted of flavonoids,stilbenes,stilbenoids,lignans,tannins,simple phenols,terpenes,terpenoids,alkaloids,quinones,and saponins.In addition,biological or pharmacological activities of the extracts/isolated phytochemicals were recorded to have antioxidant,antimicrobial,antifungal,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,anti-dysentery,anticancer,analgesic,anti-malaria,and anti-Alzheimer activities.Aside from these remarkable characteristics of woody plant extractives,further studies concerning the valorisation of these extractives in the fields of nutraceutical,cosmetic,bio-control,bio-stimulation,and other advanced applications would be of interest.

Environmental risk assessment of industrial byproduct gypsum utilized for flling abandoned mines

In response to the basic policy of green and low-carbon circular development to solve resource,environmental and ecological problems,gypsum is considered to be a flling material for mine backflling.To explore the potential risks of gypsum to the groundwater environment due to the backflling of abandoned mines,a sequential batch leaching experiment was carried out in this paper,which used three types of industrial waste gypsum,namely,phosphorus gypsum(PG),titanium gypsum(TG)and fue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG).COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software was used to simulate and solve the migration process of the leached metal elements in the mine foor when these three gypsum types were used as flling materials to observe the concentration distributions and difusion distances of the metal elements from these three gypsum types in the mine foor.The results show that(1)during repeated contact of the three types of industrial waste gypsum with the leaching medium,the pH levels changed,and the changes in pH afected the leaching patterns for the heavy metal elements in the gypsum.(2)Based on the concentrations of the metal elements that were leached from the three types of gypsum,it can be determined that these three types of gypsum are not classifed as hazardous solid wastes,but they cannot be ruled out with regard to their risk to the groundwater environment when they are used as mine flling materials.(3)When the three types of gypsum are used as flling materials,the concentration distributions of the metal elements and their migration distances all exhibit signifcant changes over time.The concentration distributions,difusion rates and migration distances of the metal elements from the diferent gypsum types are afected by their initial concentrations in the leachate.The maximum migration distances of Zn in the foor from the PG,FGDG and TG are 8.2,8.1 and 7.5 m,respectively.

碳中和背景下我国固废资源化利用产业发展研究

固废资源化利用可以节约大量的资源和能源,具有循环利用、节能减碳的优势,对于推动加快形成绿色低碳生产方式和生活方式、实现“双碳”战略目标、促进美丽中国建设具有重要意义。本文结合典型案例分析,梳理了国内外固废资源化利用产业的发展现状,分析了我国固废资源化利用产业在产业化进程、资金投入、技术创新等方面存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出了我国固废资源化利用产业的发展建议,推动产业化进程,促进“产业链、创新链、人才链、资金链”融合赋能;加大激励支持力度,夯实金融保障基础;打造科创资源高地,强化项目示范引领;集聚人才优势,搭建高水平合作平台,全面推进固废资源化利用产业的高质量发展。

固体废物的工业窑炉协同处置进展

工业窑炉协同处置固体废物是降低碳排放的重要途径。将固体废物作为替代燃料或原料在现有高温窑炉中进行处置,不仅可以减少污染物排放,还可实现固体废物的减量化、无害化和资源化利用。本文介绍了水泥窑、电厂燃煤锅炉、钢铁冶炼窑炉、煤气化炉等工业窑炉协同处置固体废物技术的现状,分析了多氯代二苯并-对-二口恶英/多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDD/Fs)和重金属两类典型污染物的排放特征,指出了该技术当前存在的问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。

产业政策、基金投资与企业股权再融资

如何有效引导资金流向政策支持的产业,是产业政策发挥效果、促进金融服务经济的关键。根据“产业政策引导基金投资,基金投资与产业政策的有机结合影响企业再融资”的思路,研究了产业政策对基金投资行为的影响,并进一步研究了产业政策影响下的基金投资能否促进企业再融资问题。研究发现:产业政策能引导基金投向政策支持的企业;基金持股与产业政策的交互作用引导资本市场资金流向政策支持的企业,促进企业再融资。研究有助于深入理解产业政策、资本市场主体行为和市场资源配置之间的关系,更好发挥产业政策的导向作用和金融支持实体经济的功能。

以煤矸石为原料制备P型沸石微粉的研究

基于煤矸石利用率较低的现状和煤矸石富含硅铝成分的特征,提出了将煤矸石废弃物制备成沸石分子筛矿物微粉的思路。以七台河市煤矸石为原材料,采用碱融-水热法合成P型沸石分子筛微粉末,探讨了陈化温度、液固比、碱固比等反应条件对P型分子筛形貌的影响,获得最佳工艺条件为:硅铝比为1∶1,陈化温度为50℃,液固比为7∶1,碱固比为0.8∶1。SEM测试结果显示,合成产物的微观形貌为粒径6μm左右的球形沸石分子筛。XRD测试结果表明,产物特征峰与NaP型分子筛标准特征峰相吻合。

“双碳”背景下固态锂电池用硫化物固态电解质的发展趋势

随着我国实施碳达峰、碳中和战略,电动汽车和储能成为实施该战略的重要抓手。锂离子电池作为电动汽车和储能的核心技术,近年来取得极大发展。目前的锂离子电池主要采用液态电解质,其安全性及能量密度面临瓶颈,难以满足电动汽车和储能的应用需求。硫化物全固态锂电池采用无机硫化物固态电解质取代目前广泛应用的液态电解质,有望回避液态电解质易燃易爆的安全问题。同时,基于硫化物电解质的高离子电导率,使硫化物全固态锂电池表现出优异的倍率性能。本文从硫化物电解质的分类与结构入手,首先介绍了硫化物电解质的发展历史,然后讨论了玻璃态、晶体硫化物电解质的结构特点、离子传输机制与电化学性能,接着介绍了硫化物电解质的三种不同合成方法以及其获得的硫化物电解质的电化学性能,最后总结了硫化物电解质的空气稳定性、界面稳定性等决定其产业化应用的关键性能。本文拟为硫化物电解质下一步的研究方向提供建议,有利于促进全固态锂电池产业化应用及我国“双碳”战略目标实现。

FPCC改良过湿土力学性能及微观特性研究

为达到提高过湿土强度并合理利用工业固废的目的,利用粉煤灰、磷渣、电石渣及水泥所制备的煤灰-磷渣-电石渣-水泥胶凝材料(FPCC)对过湿土进行改良,对FPCC掺量分别为4%、6%、8%及10%的过湿土进行无侧限抗压强度试验、加州承载比(CBR)试验、抗压回弹模量试验和电子显微镜(SEM)微观扫描,并利用Matlab软件与Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件分析其孔隙特征及分布情况,FPCC改良过湿土的力学性能及微观特性。结果表明:FPCC用于过湿土改良效果显著,掺加6%FPCC时过湿土28 d龄期各指标均满足使用要求;28 d龄期FPCC过湿土中产生了大量水化产物,随着掺量的增大,水化产物增多;随着FPCC掺量的增大,土体内部孔隙率降低、孔隙直径减小、孔隙丰度增大及孔隙定向角有序化。FPCC改良过湿土具有良好的强度及承载能力,考虑到节约水泥用量以及更合理地利用工业固废,建议FPCC掺量为6%。

团聚体级配对固废改良膨胀土耐久性的影响

通过工业固废改良膨胀土团聚体的搅拌破碎试验以及破碎土的耐久性试验,揭示了团聚体尺寸效应对改良效果的影响,并分析了其影响机理.结果表明:掺入铁尾矿砂和电石渣能加速土团聚体在搅拌过程中的破碎;大粒径团聚体内部膨胀土的改良效果较差,容易产生裂隙;粒径大于15 mm的团聚体含量越高,试样的耐久性越差;相对于电石渣改良土,复合改良土的耐久性更好;对于应用于底基层的电石渣改良土和复合改良土,建议控制粒径大于15 mm土团聚体的含量分别小于2.5%和21.8%.

固态电池技术的产业现状、投资潜力与前景

评估固态电池技术的经济性,可揭示该技术在产业发展中的潜力与前景。对当前固态电池产业链进行分析,结合市场规模、技术成熟度等因素,提出对该技术投资的潜在价值评估。固态电池技术具备广阔的应用前景,特别是在新能源汽车和储能领域。固态电池技术在提升能源利用效率、减少污染排放等方面,具有重要的理论贡献和实际应用价值,对推动清洁能源技术的发展具有重要意义。