The water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation for winter wheat production on the North China Plain

The shortage of groundwater resources is a considerable challenge for winter wheat production on the North China Plain.Water-saving technologies and procedures are thus urgently required.To determine the water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation(MSI)for winter wheat production,field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015.Compared to traditional flooding irrigation(TFI),micro-sprinkling thrice with 90 mm water(MSI1)and micro-sprinkling four times with 120 mm water(MSI2)increased the water use efficiency by 22.5 and 16.2%,respectively,while reducing evapotranspiration by 17.6 and 10.8%.Regardless of the rainfall pattern,MSI(i.e.,MSI1 or MSI2)either stabilized or significantly increased the grain yield,while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%,compared to TFI.Applying the same volumes of irrigation water,MSI(i.e.,MSI3,micro-sprinkling five times with 150 mm water)increased the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat by 4.6 and 11.7%,respectively,compared to TFI.Because MSI could supply irrigation water more frequently in smaller amounts each time,it reduced soil layer compaction,and may have also resulted in a soil water deficit that promoted the spread of roots into the deep soil layer,which is beneficial to photosynthetic production in the critical period.In conclusion,MSI1 or MSI2 either stabilized or significantly increased grain yield while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%compared to TFI,and should provide water-saving technological support in winter wheat production for smallholders on the North China Plain.

Development Potentials and Benefit Analysis of Efficient Water-saving Irrigation in Lixin County

On the basis of analyzing water resources,crop planning structure,and irrigation mode in Lixin County,potentials and benefits of developing efficient water-saving irrigation in the county were explored to provide references for its future water-saving irrigation.

Bioremediation Technology Potential for Management of Soil and Water Pollution from Anticipated Rapid Industrialization and Planned Oil and Gas Sector in Uganda: A Review

Oil exploitation in many African countries is associated with litigation and conflicts to water and soil pollution. It is because of inadequate planning for management of oil spills and industrial effluents in environmentally sustainable manner. Uganda’s natural resources such as soils and water bodies are threatened by contamination due to rapid industrialization and rural-urban migration in established Industrial Business Parks and planned oil and gas production at Albertine Graben Region. The low level of compliance to industrial effluents discharge standards relevant to specific environmental receptors and activities within oil and gas sector development pose a big question of how to sustain the biodiversity and natural resource management. Experiences from elsewhere have shown bioremediation as a viable and proven option to provide potentially manageable solutions to resulting pollution as a substitute to modern well-known remediation methods, for it is relatively cheaper, more efficient and minimal toxic byproducts after treatment. The most used bioremediation agents in different studies reviewed are bacterial species especially Pseudomonas and Bacillus, followed by Aspergillus a fungi species, microalgae and aquatic plants such as duckweed, macrophytes and pteridophytes. Regardless of the waste produced in either oil and gas sector or industries, these agents have shown greater biodegradation rates. Pseudomonas sp. has a degradation efficiency of oil compounds ranging from 90% - 100%, and Aspergillus sp. 75% - 95%. Some aquatic plants can thrive in created wetlands with relatively still water such as Phragmites australis which can degrade hydrocarbons especially Aromatic compounds with benzene ring up to 95%. It can thrive in salty water with high pH range of 4.8 - 8.2. With industrial wastewater, algae is the most dominant with the degradation rates varying from 65% -100% and bacteria at 70% - 90%. Most of the reported results are in the developed country context. In developing countries, duckweed is reported as the commonest aquatic plant in wastewater treatment for removal of heavy metals because it is more tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions and produce biomass faster. It has a removal rate of heavy metals between 90% and 100%. Basing on literature data analysis, bacteria are more suitable for treating water from oil pollution using Pseudomonas sp. Phragmites australis is suited for cleaning up oil in both water and soil. Duckweed is the best in treating water polluted with industrial effluents. This paper presents the different bioremediation methods that Uganda can potentially apply to mitigate the increased risk of environmental pollutions from planned industrialization and oil and gas development in the Albertine Graben Region.

Water-saving potential evaluation of water-receiving regions in Shandong province on the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China

Taking 13 water-receiving areas on the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(ERSNWDP)in Shandong Province as the study area,and comparing it with Jiangsu Province on the ERSNWDP and the Middle Route of the South-to-North(MRSNWDP),the current water-saving potential of the water-receiving areas within the municipalities of Shandong was analyzed.Different water-saving scenarios were constructed and analyzed with key water-saving indexes in various industries.These indexes include the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water,total water consumption of industrial sectors with an added value of over 10000 RMB,average leakage rate of the urban public water supply pipe network and the penetration rate of water-saving appliances.Based on the scenarios,comprehensive water-saving potential of the 13 water-receiving area cities was calculated.The results show that the water-saving potential of the study area is at a relative high level.However,some cities still have a certain amount of water-saving potential for agriculture and industry to be elevated.Under the recommended water-saving scenario,the water-saving potential is 1.134 billion m3,accounting for 5.33%of the current total water consumption,of which 460 million m3 is in agriculture,600 million m3 in industry,is and 74.20 million m3 in urban domestic sector.Comprehensive water-saving measures for the study area were proposed from the aspects of agricultural,industrial and domestic water uses.Agricultural and industrial water saving are more significant.The major cities for agricultural water saving include Jining City,Heze City,Weifang City and Jinan City;the focus cities of industrial water saving mainly include Weihai City,Jining City and Qingdao City and etc.;the key water-saving areas for urban use mainly include Zaozhuang City,Jining City and Heze City.

Potentials and Exploration Prospect of China＇s Hydrocarbon Resources

The potentials of Chinas hydrocarbon resources has risen as an important factor influencing the current policies of the country. Chinas oil industry is a developing industry. Gas reservoirs can be classified in light of their accumulation mechanisms into six types: water-sealed gas, hydrate, dissolved gas, conventional entrapped gas, capillary gas and adsorbed gas.

CH_4 emissions and reduction potential in wastewater treatment in China

The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.

Problems and Development Countermeasures of Agricultural Water-Saving Irrigation

Agriculture is the biggest water user in China,and the development of agricultural water-saving has great significance to the national economy and social development. In this paper,the present situation of water used in agriculture irrigation and water-saving potential were analyzed,and the ＂ bottleneck＂ and main problems existing in water-saving irrigation in China were discussed. From the aspects of engineering investment channels,agricultural water-saving policies and management system,reform of agricultural water price and water right transfer,improvement of farmers＇ water-saving consciousness,and promotion of rural land transfer,suggestions were proposed for the development of China＇s agricultural water-saving in future,which will provide a technical support for the sustainable use of agricultural water resources in China.

Develop an Air Emission Inventory for Potential Point Sources in Northern Key Economic Zone and Simulate Its Impacts on Air Quality in Hanoi City,Vietnam

The Northern Key Economic region of Vietnam is a dynamic economic center that is an important economic locomotive of the North and the whole of Vietnam.In this area,large industrial parks are concentrated,attracting many large FDI projects.Key industries:cement production,cars-motorcycles,electronics,...Economic development entails environmental problems.The industrial sector has been identified as the number one driving force driving the growth of Hanoi city and neighboring provinces.Therefore,industrial development is one of the main causes of environmental pollution.In addition,the growth rate of industry in neighboring provinces significantly affects the air quality in Hanoi city.Some factories in Vinh Phuc,Hung Yen,Bac Ninh and Hai Duong provinces have large sources of gas emissions,potentially affecting air quality around Hanoi city.Monitoring results show that air pollution in Hanoi city is mainly caused by dust pollution,especially PM2.5 superfine dust.This is a very harmful dust to health;it is necessary to determine the cause and control solution.Therefore,the objectives of this study are:(1)inventory of potential emissions sources for industrial activities in the northern key economic region around Hanoi;(2)Simulate air spread by AERMOD model to get an overall picture of the industrial impact of surrounding provinces in Hanoi city;(3)Propose solutions to manage air quality for the city in the coming time.Simulation results for pollutants with the highest concentration of NOx for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 7.94;1.02;0.222(μg/m3);of CO for 1 hour and 8 hours are 27.616;8.89(μg/m3);of SO2 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 4.005;0.288;0.038(μg/m3);of PM2.5 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 0.32;0.023;0.003(μg/m3);of PM10 in 1 hour,24 hours and year average are 1.03;0.074;0.098(μg/m3).

ISPO Beijing 2018 reflects the great potential of the Chinese sporting goods industry

When ISPO Beijing opens its doors on January 24th,2018,it will mark the 14th meeting of the Chinese sporting goods industry.As the most important trade fair for the sporting goods industry in the Asia-Pacific region,ISPO Beijing has an optimistic outlook for the new year:More than 400 exhibitors and more than 600 brands

新时期河北省粮食综合生产能力现状与对策研究

保障粮食安全是社会经济发展的根基。文章阐述了河北省粮食产业发展现状,如粮食播种面积趋稳回升、粮食单产稳步增长、粮食总产量呈上升趋势、粮食供给储备总量充足等,分析了河北省粮食生产的制约因素,并从加强高标准农田建设、加强京津冀合作、强化科学防灾减灾、加强经营主体培育等方面提出了促进河北省粮食生产的对策和建议。

典型石化企业地面火炬挥发性有机物及温室气体排放特征与环境影响

针对我国石化行业减污降碳形势严峻的现实,以具有百万吨乙烯裂解能力的某石化企业中2座地面火炬为研究对象,通过现场采样监测和模型计算,系统探讨了火炬燃烧过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)和温室气体的排放特征。结果表明:A、B 2座火炬2021年VOCs排放量分别为310.56和77.38 t/a,烯烃是主要排放组分;温室气体排放以含碳化合物燃烧转化产生的CO_(2)为主,排放量约占火炬CO_(2)排放总量的99.98%;2座火炬的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分别为3011.72和628.97 t/a,乙烯和丙烯分别是A、B火炬OFP的主要贡献者,贡献率分别为39.52%和44.91%;2座火炬年全球增温潜势(GWP)分别为5806.92和1148.46 t/a(以CO_(2)当量计),其中CO_(2)的贡献最大,其导致的直接温室效应是CH4的25.12~35.46倍,是VOCs排放间接导致温室效应的6.64~7.24倍。

基于负荷台阶的工业需求响应用户优选方法

在未来高比例新能源渗透下,供需平衡不确定性逐步增加,需求响应是通过挖掘用户侧灵活性资源保障系统电力电量平衡的重要手段。在电力部门进行需求响应工作时,需要使用历史数据来初步评估负荷响应潜力,以便选择潜力高的用户并展开动员工作。面向表征工业用户用能特点的负荷台阶,对其进行了定义并给出了数学表达,进而提出了基于负荷台阶的工业需求响应用户优选方法。首先,构建了基于负荷台阶的工业用户多时间尺度需求响应潜力指标体系;然后,构建了需求响应用户优选模型,实现对不同用户响应潜力的初评估,并利用k-means算法和近邻传播算法进行群体划分,在不同时间尺度对用户进行优选;最后,基于水泥、造纸等4个行业的多个工业用户实际负荷数据进行算例分析,呈现了所提方法下工业需求响应的用户优选结果。

典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及其风险评价

为探究石化行业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放特征、规律及其影响,以华北地区某石化园区为研究对象,监测其典型装置周边环境空气中的VOCs,并评估其环境风险和人体健康风险。结果表明:该石化园区环境空气中的VOCs以烷烃、烯烃为主,多数采样点的VOCs含量较低,组成相似,无明显特征污染物;部分采样点(如气浮池、乙烯装置周围)的VOCs含量较高,其VOCs组成明显受到装置排放的影响。总体看来,乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等低碳烷烃以及乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃是该石化园区的主要污染物。环境风险评估结果显示,烯烃对臭氧生成的贡献率最高,其中丙烯、乙烯、丙烷、甲苯、间对二甲苯等化合物为关键活性物种。芳烃是二次有机气溶胶生成的主要贡献组分,甲苯、间对二甲苯、苯、邻二甲苯是二次有机气溶胶生成贡献率较高的化合物。健康风险评估结果显示,该石化园区环境空气中的VOCs对石化园区工作人员不存在高致癌风险,且非致癌风险较低。

基于企业聚类的某省化纤行业节能减碳潜力分析

化纤行业在“双碳”战略目标下面临着巨大的节能减碳压力,需要分析行业的能耗现状与节能减碳潜力。以中国化纤行业第一大省的146家化纤企业为研究对象,利用企业能耗数据分析行业的能耗特征,基于聚类算法对企业进行分类并计算行业的节能减碳潜力。结果表明,该省2013—2021年化纤行业的能耗结构和碳排放结构均以电力贡献为主,节能潜力占行业能耗量的24.63%,减碳潜力占行业碳排放量的22.91%。大型企业和能耗强度偏高的小型企业节能减碳建议以减少原煤消耗为主,中小型企业节能减碳建议以减少电力消耗为主。

新型城镇化建设对释放居民消费潜力的影响研究

利用2007—2019年中国280个城市的面板数据,在测度新型城镇化建设水平和居民消费潜力的基础上实证研究新型城镇化建设对居民消费潜力的释放作用。研究发现:新型城镇化建设能够在供给侧实现消费市场的扩容升级,在需求侧促进居民收入提升和消费保障增加,从而充分释放居民消费潜力。进一步分析表明,新型城镇化建设对居民消费潜力的释放作用在东部和东北地区更强,同时,产业集聚程度和数字经济发展水平也对城市居民消费潜力的释放产生了正向调节作用。据此提出应加强多样化消费场景的创造,支持小微企业和创新创业,完善社会保障体系,实现产业发展和城镇化建设同步发展等政策建议。

制造业投入数字化与生产链长度

利用1995—2018年OECD世界投入产出与跨国—行业面板数据,实证检验了制造业投入数字化对生产链长度的影响。研究发现:第一,制造业投入数字化显著延长了生产链长度;第二,异质性检验显示,制造业投入数字化对发展中国家、资本密集型行业和全球价值链上游行业以及纯国内生产活动的影响更为明显,并且国外投入数字化对生产链长度的正向影响要小于国内投入数字化;第三,机制检验显示,制造业投入数字化主要通过扩大中间品进口数量和提高中间品进口质量延长生产链长度;第四,进一步分析表明,消费需求潜力规模能够增强制造业投入数字化对生产链长度的正向影响,而消费需求潜力结构无明显影响,制造业投入数字化在延长生产链长度的过程中存在显著的“行业扩散效应”。研究结论对构建内循环为主、外循环赋能的新发展格局具有重要启示。

我国餐饮业发展影响因素的计量分析

科学发展餐饮业,对于提高人民生活质量和释放消费潜力具有重要作用。本文利用1999—2022年统计数据,建立了中国餐饮业营业额影响因素的计量经济模型,选取国内生产总值、居民人均消费支出、餐饮业法人企业数、餐饮业年末从业人数、国内旅游总花费和国内游客作为解释变量。经过分析,本文发现国内生产总值、餐饮业法人企业数和国内旅游总花费对餐饮业营业额具有显著的正向影响,并提出促就业提收入、强化政策引导、发挥旅游优势等利于餐饮行业长远向好发展的对策,以供参考。

重庆某工业园土壤重金属污染特征、风险及源解析

以重庆市某工业园区表层土壤为研究对象,探讨了土壤重金属在不同季节的污染特征,利用污染指数法、健康风险模型和主成分/绝对主成分得分受体模型进行风险评价和源分析。结果表明:不同季节土壤样品间各重金属含量差异显著。35.5%的样品中汞含量超出土壤污染风险筛选值,其他元素未超标。与土壤背景值相比,各元素表现出不同程度的富集,汞超标约110~1300倍。内梅罗指数显示土壤整体和汞元素处于轻度污染及以下,其他元素为安全。潜在生态危害指数显示,土壤整体和汞属于极强污染,镉属于轻微~强污染,其他元素为轻微污染。土壤重金属总致癌风险为2.6×10^(-7)~1.0×10^(-5),总非致癌风险熵均小于1,砷存在致癌风险,主要通过经口摄入暴露。秋季中,汞、六价铬、铅、镍、砷和铜来自工业源,镉主要来源于自然成因。春季中,镉和铅来自交通、冶金和燃煤等排放,镍、砷和铜源于冶炼和金属表面处理等排放,汞主要来自化工生产和燃料燃烧。交通运输、工业生产和燃料燃烧等污染的排放是土壤重金属的主要来源,今后应加强园区内汞、砷和镉的源头减排和治理。