Intemational Competitiveness of Export-oriented Industries in Bulgaria

With increasing globalization and Bulgaria＇s accession into the European Union （EU）, the question how to improve the country＇s international competitiveness has become very important and urgent. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a research on the past decade＇s competitiveness of Bulgarian export-oriented sectors, enjoying good positions in local and international markets and having a high development potential. The first part of the article presents a comprehensive review of the concept of competitiveness--its definitions, factors, and measurements at national, industry, and firm level. On the basis of the theoretical considerations, an empirical analysis on the current state of competitiveness of the selected export-oriented industries is performed. These include metallurgy, machine building, chemicals, clothing and textiles, furniture, wine production, tobacco, and food processing. The research answers the following questions： What are the major competitive advantages of Bulgarian export-oriented industries on the world market？ What are their disadvantages？ How did they change over the period 2002-2012, and what steps should be taken to meet the challenges？ The employed methods of analysis are both quantitative--calculating various production, trade, and price indices, and qualitative--carrying out a survey among top managers of firms operating in the selected industries across all the regions of the country. Results show that the country＇s competitiveness on international level has gradually improved but still remains at a comparatively low level as Bulgarian producers compete mostly on the price, invest very little in research and development （R＆D）, rely on low labor costs, and produce goods with low added value. The paper looks into the specific challenges to competitiveness faced by different sectors and the implications of addressing them. In conclusion, it puts forward some recommendations for boosting Bulgaria＇s international competitiveness which are aimed at key stakeholders： companies, central and local government, and institutions promoting cooperation.

Competitiveness Comparison of International Trade in Creative Industries： China trends and features

This article first summarizes the concept systems and models of creative industries, then compares China＇s international competitiveness index, import and export value, sub-sector indicators with developed countries and other world economics from 2002 to 2008, analyzes the present trends, features and problems, and discusses irrational structure of China＇ s creativity goods and services export, imbalance value between import and export, insufficient generating and consuming of original creativities through the international creative industries trade statistics at last.

Analysis on Technical Structure and Competitiveness of ICT Manufacturing Industries

In order to analyze the technical structure and international comparative advantage of the information and communication technology(ICT)manufacturing industry,a complete set of ICT manufacturing product categories has been constructed by matching National Economical Industry Classification(GB/T4754-2017)with Harmonized System(HS)Codes,based on the relevant definitions in International Standard Industrial Classification(ISIC).The proposed definition overcomes inherent defects such as inaccurate scopes,lagging data and rough categories,which are characterized by commonly utilized product-level based classification approaches.Within the given framework,this paper has designed the technology content related indicators from the perspective of production distribution,and divided ICT product categories into high-end,medium-end and lowend manufacturing classifications according to respective global shares.Then,we have calculated international market shares(IMS),revealed comparative advantages(RCA),and market penetration rates(MPR)of ICT manufacturing exports for major economies from 2010 to 2021.Finally,development characterizations of ICT manufacturing industries for China’s Mainland are analyzed,and several practical suggestions are provided.

Empirical Analysis of Chinese Industries＇ International Competitiveness after China＇s WTO Entry

Based on recent statistical data, this paper presents an empirical analysis on the current status and evolution of international competitiveness of Chinese industries after China＇s accession a decade ago into the World Trade Organization （WTO）. Our findings conclude that international competiveness of Chinese industries has increased during the decade. Although comparative advantage of traditional labor-intensive industries is on the decline and that of technology- and capital-intensive industries is on the rise, labor-intensive industries remain the most advantageous. Competitive advantages of labor-, technology- and capital-intensive industries have all improved. Growing competitive advantage of Chinese manufacturing is a major force behind the international competiveness of Chinese industries, and traditional labor-intensive industries maintain strong international eompetiveness. Meanwhile, rapid developments of some technology- and capital-intensive industries have strengthened the international eompetiveness of Chinese industries. China is now on the eve of a second round of rapid improvement in its industrial international competitiveness. In the short- and medium-term, acquiring ＂market economy status＂ in 2016 will further release advantages of Chinese industries. Further over the next two decades, China will usher in a new era of strategic opportunities which will serve as an additional source of sustainable improvement in its industrial international competiveness.

Does Environmental Regulation Weaken Industrial Competitiveness?Inspirations from China’s Iron and Steel Sector

China＇s economic growth is heavily influenced by exports, while reconciling environmental regulation and economic growth requires handling the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness well. The effects of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness are largely subject to the institutional design of environmental regulation. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness, a consensus has yet to be reached. Aside from differences in research methodology, these studies failed to give sufficient consideration to the impact of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness. Such effects can be negative or positive depending on the design of environmental regulatory policy. This paper has investigated the relationship between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of China＇s iron and steel industry and discovered that tighter environmental regulation does not diminish the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry since the policy design of environmental regulation accommodates the tolerance of advanced production capacity and includes a reasonable cost sharing mechanism. This discovery is of important reference for China to develop rational policy design to balance the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness.

Analysis on the Competitiveness of Industrial Real Estate Based on Diamond Model ——Taking Jiangxi Province as an Example

Based on the current development of industrial real estate of Jiangxi Province, comprehensive analysis was conducted to 6 aspects using the idea of diamond model, namely, factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, government and chance through the comparison with the other industrial real estates and analysis on horizontal competition in China. Development countermeasures were investigated to improve the competitiveness of the industrial real estate in Guangxi, putting forward the strategies of developing the role of government and business, seizing the opportunities of the times, city-industry integration development, implementation of industrial integration and integration of city development, the implementation of industrial integration and investment planning.

The Construction and Competitiveness of Operation Model of Agricultural Industrial Cluster

Through reviewing the viewpoints of former scholars, the connotation and features of supply chain of agricultural industrial cluster are introduced. The agricultural industrial cluster model constituted by core network and supporting network is constructed. Three operation models of this kind of supply chain is described: the model takes wholesale market of agricultural products as the core; the model take pillar industries of agricultural industrialization as core; model takes the chains of retail enterprises as core. The competitiveness of agricultural industrial cluster is researched. The research assumes that the competiveness of supply chain of agricultural industrial cluster is mainly represented to make the agricultural industrial cluster to acquire more capabilities in terms of innovation and knowledge sharing capability, resource allocation capability, agile market adaptability and distinct value creation capability.

Evaluation and Comparative Study of Industrial Competitiveness in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area

With the industrial competitiveness in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area in 2013 as the object of study,this paper uses principal component analysis to evaluate and compare the industrial competitiveness in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,in order to provide reference for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint development. The results show that in terms of industrial structure competitiveness,Beijing > Tianjin > Hebei; in terms of agricultural competitiveness,Tianjin > Beijing > Hebei; in terms of industrial competitiveness,Tianjin > Beijing > Hebei; in terms of service industry competitiveness,Tianjin > Beijing > Hebei; in terms of high-tech industry competitiveness,Beijing > Tianjin > Hebei. It is suggested that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei should further optimize industrial structure,and develop modern service industry. In the Beijing-TianjinHebei joint development,Hebei should focus on the development of agriculture,Tianjin should focus on the development of industry,and Beijing should focus on the development of high-tech industry.

Science and Technology Promotion Policies of Strategic Emerging Industries in Anhui Province

In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as new energy,new materials,new generation of information technology occupy an important market share in China and even the world.However,there are still a number of problems in the process of development,and the policy support has a greater impact.In this paper,the development status of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province was discussed firstly,and then the challenges and problems of the development was discussed.Finally,some science and technology promotion policies of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province were proposed.

Empirical analysis of Beijing forestry industrial structure and its competitiveness under the background of low carbon economy

With Shift-Share Method, the study implemented an empirical analysis of Beijing's forestry industrial structure and its regional competitiveness around China from 2002 to 2011.The results indicated that the development tendency of forestry industry structure will be gradually transferred from "primarysecondary –tertiary industry" into "tertiary-secondary-primary industry". As the study suggested that the basic position of the primary forestry industry should be strengthened and promoted, deep processing capacity and resources utilization of the secondary industry should be further developed, and the leading role of the tertiary industry should be further enhanced in accordance with the low carbon concept.

Export Competitiveness and Sustainable Development of the Ukrainian Timber Industry

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the export dynamics within the Ukrainian timber industry, emphasizing its pivotal role in the national economy. The study begins by outlining the research objectives, context, and innovative methodologies, setting the stage for a deep dive into the theoretical underpinnings of sustainable and competitive trade. It explores Ukraine’s rich forest biodiversity across varied vegetation zones and its geopolitical significance. Detailed evaluations of forest resource management, policy frameworks, and institutional support form the core of the analysis. Challenges such as imbalanced export structures and legal inconsistencies are critically examined. The research employs trade gravity models and competitive indicators like the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Market Share (MS) to assess factors influencing exports and to forecast potential growth areas. The findings inform strategic recommendations aimed at enhancing export capacity through market diversification, brand development, and legal stability. The conclusion highlights the need for strategic interventions to harness Ukraine’s timber resources sustainably, balancing economic gains with environmental stewardship.

Enhancement of Competitiveness of Border Trade Entrepreneurs: Case Study of Su-Ngai Kolok Checkpoint, Narathiwat Province

This research aimed to analyze the enhancement of competitiveness among fruit and vegetable export entrepreneurs,with the case study of the Su-ngai Kolok checkpoint in Narathiwat Province.This research focused on three objectives:(1)examining how competitiveness is enhanced through government support and the development of border trade zones,(2)studying the supply chain dynamics,including strategic factors and opportunities in agricultural product management,and(3)developing a model for border trade to strengthen exporters’capabilities.The research employed qualitative methods,with data collected from 25 informants through interviews and employed descriptive methods.The research results revealed that:(1)government agencies play a crucial role in improving competitiveness by developing border economic zones and trade policies;additionally,(2)the research highlighted the importance of strategic partnerships,network building,and efficient logistics along the value chain;(3)the proposed Border Trade Model includes elements for instance government policy,partnerships,entrepreneurial potential,and transportation channels,aiming to enhance the overall efficiency and effectiveness of vegetable and fruit exporters in the region.

Digitalization Enables Cultural,Commercial and Tourism Industries to Explore the Global Market

The recent 2024 National Tour ism Development Conference has clearly pointed out that China’s tourism industry has grown into the world’s largest domestic tourism market and has become an important destination in the international tourism sector,marking the rise of the tourism industry as a strategic pillar industry for the country.

Impact of coupling coordination development of port and city environments on urban economic competitiveness:Evidence from the coastal port cities in eastern China

Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.

Development Level and Dynamic Analysis of the Integration of Three Rural Industries in the Context of Rural Revitalization

As a key measure to comprehensively promote the strategy of rural revitalization,especially in the field of industrial prosperity,the integration of rural three industries is of great strategic significance.In this study,entropy method and TOPSIS method were employed to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of integration of three industries and the ideal development value respectively.The development status of integration of three rural industries was systematically evaluated,and the development trend of different regions was compared and analyzed.The results indicate that the development index of integration of three industries showed a steady growth trend,among which the development level of Jiangsu Province ranked first,followed by Hubei Province,while the development level of Shaanxi Province was relatively low.When analyzing the Level I indicators of integration of three rural industries,the contribution of industrial integration behavior exceeded the performance of industrial integration.Among the behavioral indicators of industrial integration,the weight of agricultural multi-functionality and service integration was relatively large,which plays a significant role in promoting the development of integration of three rural industries.The scores and growth rates of Jiangsu Province in increasing farmers income,increasing agricultural production and rural economic development were higher than those of other regions,while Shaanxi Province still had a certain gap in rural industrial integration indicators compared with Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province.In view of this,we came up with some strategic recommendations for further promoting the development of integration of three rural industries.

Assessment of Regional Agricultural Industrial Competitiveness in China

We analyze the agricultural industrial competitiveness in China's 30 provinces ( municipalities and autonomous regions) ,to provide a reference for the relevant state departments to develop the agricultural industry policy. Using factor analysis and expert consulting method,we determine the weight of each indicator,and establish the comprehensive evaluation model suitable for the assessment of agricultural industrial competitiveness. Using the comprehensive evaluation model,we assess the agricultural competitiveness of China's 30 provinces ( municipalities and autonomous regions) . China's 30 provinces ( municipalities and autonomous regions) can be divided into three groups ( high competitiveness,middle competitiveness and low competitiveness) . The results show that although there are subtle changes in the sequencing within high competitiveness group,the members of high competitiveness group are basically unchanged; compared with high competitiveness group,the agricultural industry in middle competitiveness group and low competitiveness group shows the characteristic of significant geographical concentration,and the competitive agricultural industrial belt is outstanding. We put forward the following recommendations: extending agricultural industry chain and increasing agricultural value added; utilizing regional resources and developing characteristic agriculture; taking the road of large-scale management to promote sustainable and healthy agricultural development in China.

Is“Intelligence”More Capable of Promoting the Development of the Tertiary Industry?-Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Different Categories of Industries

In the new scientific and technological revolution round,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become a key leading force for industrial change.Research shows that AI not only promoted technical transformation and industry upgrades but also played a significant role in the rapid development of emerging industries.Based on the installed number of industrial robots and the industrial data by the National Bureau of Statistics,this study establishes a theoretical framework with the econometric model and compares the impact of AI on different categories of industries through empirical analysis.Our results show that AI not only promotes economic growth but also plays a key role in promoting the tertiary industry.Hence,optimization of industrial structure and economic upgrade can be induced.

Competition and cooperation in the Chinese and Indian software industries

China and India are two of the world's major software producers, and trade between the two countries developing is rapidly. This paper uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, Export Similarity index and Gray Model to analyze the competitiveness and complementarities of the software industry between China and India. The results show weak competitiveness of China and India’s software products in the main export markets; therefore it will be enhanced in the long-term. The software industries of the two countries are highly complementary. Therefore, China and India should strengthen cooperation in this industry to seek more benefi ts.

The relationship between resource and environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness

The reason why materials on earth are divided into "resources" and "waste" is fundamentally dependent on the level of industrial technology and the scale of industrial demand. The only viable option for humans to end their resource and environmental predicament is to resolutely and efficiently push forward industrialization. At present, China’s industrial development is still at a stage of severe resource and environmental deterioration. The fact that industrial production activity is becoming cleaner does not mean that industrial production has reached the satisfactory level of resource conservation and environmental protection. On the contrary, as China is still at the intermediate stage of industrialization, it is imperative to go ahead with massive resource consumption amid heavy industrial development. China’s industrial production has led to severe resource waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, strengthening resource and environmental regulation and enhancing regulatory effectiveness are still a very important, though tough, issue for China to address in its industrialization process at the present time. The fundamental objectives of government regulation of resources and the environment are: i) to realize the viable objective of resource conservation and environmental protection; and ii) to maintain an effective order of fair competition. An effective and feasible way toward resource and environmental regulation is to realize the resource conservation and environmental protection policy objectives and help improve the long-term industrial and corporate competitiveness, with a special emphasis on boosting the international competitiveness of China’s industry under the rule of fair competition. Moderate and reasonable regulatory intensity requires imposing effective constraints on corporate behavior without going beyond the maximum level of affordability dictated by the current level of industrial and corporate competitiveness, with a special focus on striking the right balance between the principles of economic efficiency and social benefits.