Shanghai Car Parts and Components Industry

Shanghai Santana cars had produced a total of 270,000 cars by the end of 1993, and undergone SKD, CKD and localization stages. The car industry will soon become a pillar industry in Shanghai. During its development, the Shanghai car industry has always given special attention to localization, thus the localization rate of car parts and components has increased year by year. In 1988, Shanghai Santanacars produced 15,000 units, with 13,08 percent of

Critical Relation Path Aggregation-Based Industrial Control Component Exploitable Vulnerability Reasoning

With the growing discovery of exposed vulnerabilities in the Industrial Control Components(ICCs),identification of the exploitable ones is urgent for Industrial Control System(ICS)administrators to proactively forecast potential threats.However,it is not a trivial task due to the complexity of the multi-source heterogeneous data and the lack of automatic analysis methods.To address these challenges,we propose an exploitability reasoning method based on the ICC-Vulnerability Knowledge Graph(KG)in which relation paths contain abundant potential evidence to support the reasoning.The reasoning task in this work refers to determining whether a specific relation is valid between an attacker entity and a possible exploitable vulnerability entity with the help of a collective of the critical paths.The proposed method consists of three primary building blocks:KG construction,relation path representation,and query relation reasoning.A security-oriented ontology combines exploit modeling,which provides a guideline for the integration of the scattered knowledge while constructing the KG.We emphasize the role of the aggregation of the attention mechanism in representation learning and ultimate reasoning.In order to acquire a high-quality representation,the entity and relation embeddings take advantage of their local structure and related semantics.Some critical paths are assigned corresponding attentive weights and then they are aggregated for the determination of the query relation validity.In particular,similarity calculation is introduced into a critical path selection algorithm,which improves search and reasoning performance.Meanwhile,the proposed algorithm avoids redundant paths between the given pairs of entities.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in the aspects of embedding quality and query relation reasoning accuracy.

Chemical composition, mass closure and sources of atmospheric PM_(10) from industrial sites in Shenzhen, China

Concentrations of atmospheric PM10 and chemical components （including twenty-one elements, nine ions, organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC）） were measured at five sites in a heavily industrial region of Shenzhen, China in 2005. Results showed that PM10 concentrations exhibited the highest values at 264 μg/m3 at the site near a harbor with the influence of harbor activities. Sulfur exhibited the highest concentrations （from 2419 to 3995 ng/m3） of all the studied elements, which may be related to the influence of coal used as fuel in this area for industrial plants. This was verified by the high mass percentages of SO42-, which accounted for 34.3%-39.7% of the total ions. NO3-/SO42- ratios varied from 0.64-0.71, which implies coal combustion was predominant compared with vehicle emission. The anion/cation ratios range was close to 0.95, indicating anion deficiency in this region. The harbor site showed the highest OC and EC concentrations, with the influence of emission from vessels. Secondary organic carbon accounted for about 22.6%-38.7% of OC, with the highest percentage occurring at the site adjacent to a coal-fired power plant and wood plant. The mass closure model performed well in this heavily industrial region, with significant correlation obtained between chemically determined and gravimetrically measured PM10 mass. The main constituents of PM10 were found to be organic materials （30.9%-69.5%）, followed by secondary inorganic aerosol （7.9%-25.0%）, crustal materials （6.7%-13.8%）, elemental carbon （3.5%-10.8%）, sea salt （2.4%-6.2%） and trace elements （2.0%-4.9%） in this heavily industrialized region. Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources for particulate matter in this industrial region were crustal materials and coal/wood combustion, oil combustion, secondary aerosols, industrial processes and vehicle emission.

Trace metals in atmospheric fine particles in one industrial urban city: Spatial variations, sources, and health implications

Trace metals in PM2.5 were measured at one industrial site and one urban site during September, 2010 in Ji＇nan, eastern China. Individual aerosol particles and PM2.5 samples were collected concurrently at both sites. Mass concentrations of eleven trace metals （i.e., Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Pb） and one metalloid （i.e., As） were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. The result shows that mass concentrations of PM2.5 （130μg/m3） and trace metals （4.03 μg/m3） at the industrial site were 1.3 times and 1.7 times higher than those at the urban site, respectively, indicating that industrial activities nearby the city can emit trace metals into the surrounding atmosphere. Fe concentrations were the highest among all the measured trace metals at both sites, with concentrations of 1.04 ixg/m 3 at the urban site and 2.41 Itg/m3 at the industrial site, respectively. In addition, Pb showed the highest enrichment factors at both sites, suggesting the emissions from anthropogenic activities existed around the city. Correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis revealed that Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were originated from vehicular traffic and industrial emissions at both sites; As, Cr, and part of Pb from coal-fired power plant; Ba and Ti from natural soil. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, we found that most of the trace metals were internally mixed with secondary sulfate/organic particles. These internally mixed trace metals in the urban air may have different toxic abilities compared with externally mixed trace metals.