AIM:To identify a hypothesis on:Supine sleep,sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) reduction and association with increasing autism incidence.METHODS:Literature was searched for autism spectrum disorder incidence time tr...AIM:To identify a hypothesis on:Supine sleep,sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) reduction and association with increasing autism incidence.METHODS:Literature was searched for autism spectrum disorder incidence time trends,with correlation of change-points matching supine sleep campaigns.A mechanistic model expanding the hypothesis was constructed based on further review of epidemiological and other literature on autism.RESULTS:In five countries(Denmark,United Kingdom,Australia,Israel,United States) with published time trends of autism,change-points coinciding with supine sleep campaigns were identified.The model proposes that supine sleep does not directly cause autism,but increases the likelihood of expression of a subset of autistic criteria in individuals with genetic susceptibility,thereby specifically increasing the incidence of autism without intellectual disability.CONCLUSION:Supine sleep is likely a physiological stressor,that does reduce SIDS,but at the cost of impact on emotional and social development in the population,a portion of which will be susceptible to,and consequently express autism.A re-evaluation of all benefits and harms of supine sleep is warranted.If the SIDS mechanism proposed and autism model presented can be verified,the research agenda may be better directed,in order to further decrease SIDS,and reduce autism incidence.展开更多
Background There are some conflicting evidences showing that maternal exposure to antibiotics may increase the risk of infant eczema.The present study aims to estimate the effect of prenatal antibiotics administration...Background There are some conflicting evidences showing that maternal exposure to antibiotics may increase the risk of infant eczema.The present study aims to estimate the effect of prenatal antibiotics administration on infant eczema.Methods According to the established inclusion criteria,eligible observational studies were collected by comprehensive database search.The qualities of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Effect sizes that were adjusted by multivariable models were extracted and combined.Publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of funnel plot.Results A total of seven observational studies were included.The qualities of the included studies were at moderate or high level.Prenatal antibiotics use was positively associated with eczema before one year of age[odds ratio(OR)=1.93,95%confidence interval(CI)1.35-2.76].In addition,antibiotics exposure in utero was likely to be related to eczema after one year of age(OR 1.21,95%CI 0.98-1.49).The exposure to antibiotics during third trimester was not associated with infant eczema(OR0.97,95%CI 0.86-1.09).Conclusions Maternal exposure to antibiotics is associated with eczema by one-year age and may have a prolonged effect on eczema after 1-year age.The influence of timing of antibiotics exposure during pregnancy needs more studies to clarify.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to explore the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing.<strong> Method:<...<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to explore the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing.<strong> Method:</strong> We distributed an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire at infants’ 3 - 4-month health checkup, which was collected via postal service. 170 valid responses were received and formed our sample data. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for each category surveyed. Inferential statistics were used to compare the dangerous incidents experienced with regard to differences between primi/multipara and the presence/absence of guidance concerning such incidents. This study was approved by the research ethics committees of the affiliated university. <strong>Results:</strong> 60.0% of mothers and families experienced dangers while washing their infant in a baby tub or similar apparatus (ablution), and 64.9% did while bathing their infant in the normal bath. For ablution, the most common dangers were, in order, nearly dropping the infant in the water and nearly getting soap suds in the mouth. For bathing, these were nearly getting soap suds in the mouth, near submersion of the face, and nearly dropping the infant in the water. The percentage of mothers and families who did not receive instruction regarding potential dangers and their prevention was 55.9% for ablution and 81.8% for bathing. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study revealed the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Further consideration into the prevention of these dangers is necessary.展开更多
目的评估优质护理在新生儿重症监护室(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,NICU)早产儿中的应用效果及对并发症发生情况的影响。方法方便选取2023年1—12月山东省聊城市东昌府区妇幼保健院NICU的46例早产儿为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照...目的评估优质护理在新生儿重症监护室(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,NICU)早产儿中的应用效果及对并发症发生情况的影响。方法方便选取2023年1—12月山东省聊城市东昌府区妇幼保健院NICU的46例早产儿为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组(23例,常规护理)和观察组(23例,优质护理)。比较两组的体格发育、新生儿神经行为测定(Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment,NBNA)评分、摄入奶量及并发症发生情况。结果护理前,两组体格发育情况、NBNA评分、摄入奶量比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);护理后,观察组的身长、体质量、头围、NBNA评分及摄入奶量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率(17.39%)低于对照组(0),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.381,P<0.05)。结论对NICU早产儿实施优质护理,可以增加摄入奶量,降低并发症发生率,促进体格、神经行为发育,有临床价值意义。展开更多
文摘AIM:To identify a hypothesis on:Supine sleep,sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) reduction and association with increasing autism incidence.METHODS:Literature was searched for autism spectrum disorder incidence time trends,with correlation of change-points matching supine sleep campaigns.A mechanistic model expanding the hypothesis was constructed based on further review of epidemiological and other literature on autism.RESULTS:In five countries(Denmark,United Kingdom,Australia,Israel,United States) with published time trends of autism,change-points coinciding with supine sleep campaigns were identified.The model proposes that supine sleep does not directly cause autism,but increases the likelihood of expression of a subset of autistic criteria in individuals with genetic susceptibility,thereby specifically increasing the incidence of autism without intellectual disability.CONCLUSION:Supine sleep is likely a physiological stressor,that does reduce SIDS,but at the cost of impact on emotional and social development in the population,a portion of which will be susceptible to,and consequently express autism.A re-evaluation of all benefits and harms of supine sleep is warranted.If the SIDS mechanism proposed and autism model presented can be verified,the research agenda may be better directed,in order to further decrease SIDS,and reduce autism incidence.
文摘Background There are some conflicting evidences showing that maternal exposure to antibiotics may increase the risk of infant eczema.The present study aims to estimate the effect of prenatal antibiotics administration on infant eczema.Methods According to the established inclusion criteria,eligible observational studies were collected by comprehensive database search.The qualities of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Effect sizes that were adjusted by multivariable models were extracted and combined.Publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of funnel plot.Results A total of seven observational studies were included.The qualities of the included studies were at moderate or high level.Prenatal antibiotics use was positively associated with eczema before one year of age[odds ratio(OR)=1.93,95%confidence interval(CI)1.35-2.76].In addition,antibiotics exposure in utero was likely to be related to eczema after one year of age(OR 1.21,95%CI 0.98-1.49).The exposure to antibiotics during third trimester was not associated with infant eczema(OR0.97,95%CI 0.86-1.09).Conclusions Maternal exposure to antibiotics is associated with eczema by one-year age and may have a prolonged effect on eczema after 1-year age.The influence of timing of antibiotics exposure during pregnancy needs more studies to clarify.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to explore the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing.<strong> Method:</strong> We distributed an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire at infants’ 3 - 4-month health checkup, which was collected via postal service. 170 valid responses were received and formed our sample data. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for each category surveyed. Inferential statistics were used to compare the dangerous incidents experienced with regard to differences between primi/multipara and the presence/absence of guidance concerning such incidents. This study was approved by the research ethics committees of the affiliated university. <strong>Results:</strong> 60.0% of mothers and families experienced dangers while washing their infant in a baby tub or similar apparatus (ablution), and 64.9% did while bathing their infant in the normal bath. For ablution, the most common dangers were, in order, nearly dropping the infant in the water and nearly getting soap suds in the mouth. For bathing, these were nearly getting soap suds in the mouth, near submersion of the face, and nearly dropping the infant in the water. The percentage of mothers and families who did not receive instruction regarding potential dangers and their prevention was 55.9% for ablution and 81.8% for bathing. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study revealed the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Further consideration into the prevention of these dangers is necessary.
