BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially f...BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIM To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.METHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESULTS No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(P<0.011).In addition,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(P<0.050).The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and an increase of Gammaproteobacteria,contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight,preterm.展开更多
Background/Aim: The present study was directed to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound (USG) in early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) to prevent permanent complications. Material & Methods:...Background/Aim: The present study was directed to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound (USG) in early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) to prevent permanent complications. Material & Methods: A total of 276 infants was investigated;their ages range from 1 - 6 months. Patients referred from the clinic based on clinical assessment (mainly Barlo & Ortolani maneuvers). Then the patient’s hips were examined by expert radiologists in USG scan. After that, dynamic (coronal and transverse) & static ultrasound views evaluated by the same radiologist using Graf’s criteria. Infants with abnormal ultrasound findings suggestive of DDH were followed up after 4 - 6 weeks by the same investigator to monitor the progress. At the same time, the patient referred to a specialist for conservative management from the first positive findings. Results: Among the 276 referred patients, infants with normal stable hips (Graf Type I and Type II a+) were 221 (80%), 155 of them were female and 66 male infants. Infants with unstable hips based on Graf’s criteria (Type II a-, II b, II c and Type III a) were 55 (20%). Out of 55 with abnormal findings, the affected hips on both sides, right and left were: 5 cases (1.8%), 7 (2.5%) and 43 hips (15.5%) consecutively. Out of 55 infants affected;3 referred to tertiary centers for further surgical management while 52 managed conservatively. Conclusion: Delayed treatment rates of DDH and complications could be reduced by the usage of the USG after the first month of life. In addition to physical assessment, USG for high-risk infants will provide more accurate diagnosis and minimize complications.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONBirth asphyxia may lead to disturbances of gastroenteric motility of newborn infants[1.2] . The change of gut pressure and reflux are the major manifestations of the motor disturbance [3-9] . To evaluate t...INTRODUCTIONBirth asphyxia may lead to disturbances of gastroenteric motility of newborn infants[1.2] . The change of gut pressure and reflux are the major manifestations of the motor disturbance [3-9] . To evaluate the effects of perinatal asphyxia on the gastroenteric motility, gastric and esophageal pressure and double pH were measured in a group of asphyxiated newborns. And. their pathophysiological and anatomical effects on gastroenteric function were discussed.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIM To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.METHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESULTS No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(P<0.011).In addition,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(P<0.050).The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and an increase of Gammaproteobacteria,contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight,preterm.
文摘Background/Aim: The present study was directed to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound (USG) in early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) to prevent permanent complications. Material & Methods: A total of 276 infants was investigated;their ages range from 1 - 6 months. Patients referred from the clinic based on clinical assessment (mainly Barlo & Ortolani maneuvers). Then the patient’s hips were examined by expert radiologists in USG scan. After that, dynamic (coronal and transverse) & static ultrasound views evaluated by the same radiologist using Graf’s criteria. Infants with abnormal ultrasound findings suggestive of DDH were followed up after 4 - 6 weeks by the same investigator to monitor the progress. At the same time, the patient referred to a specialist for conservative management from the first positive findings. Results: Among the 276 referred patients, infants with normal stable hips (Graf Type I and Type II a+) were 221 (80%), 155 of them were female and 66 male infants. Infants with unstable hips based on Graf’s criteria (Type II a-, II b, II c and Type III a) were 55 (20%). Out of 55 with abnormal findings, the affected hips on both sides, right and left were: 5 cases (1.8%), 7 (2.5%) and 43 hips (15.5%) consecutively. Out of 55 infants affected;3 referred to tertiary centers for further surgical management while 52 managed conservatively. Conclusion: Delayed treatment rates of DDH and complications could be reduced by the usage of the USG after the first month of life. In addition to physical assessment, USG for high-risk infants will provide more accurate diagnosis and minimize complications.
基金Project supported ty the Research Fund of the Ministry of Healty of China,No.96-2-170(1996)
文摘INTRODUCTIONBirth asphyxia may lead to disturbances of gastroenteric motility of newborn infants[1.2] . The change of gut pressure and reflux are the major manifestations of the motor disturbance [3-9] . To evaluate the effects of perinatal asphyxia on the gastroenteric motility, gastric and esophageal pressure and double pH were measured in a group of asphyxiated newborns. And. their pathophysiological and anatomical effects on gastroenteric function were discussed.
