Risk factors for secondary infection after liver failure and effect of comprehensive nursing intervention

BACKGROUND In patients with liver failure(LF),the high rate of secondary infections,which are associated with poor prognosis,highlights the clinical significance of understanding the underlying risk factors and implementing targeted intervention programs.AIM To investigate risk factors for secondary infections in patients with LF and evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive nursing interventions.METHODS This retrospective study included 64 patients with LF,including 32 with and 32 without secondary infections.A questionnaire was used to collect data on age;laboratory parameters,including total and direct bilirubin,prothrombin time,blood ammonia,and other biochemical parameters;invasive procedures;and complications.Patients with secondary infections received comprehensive nursing intervention in addition to routine nursing care,whereas those without secondary infections received only routine nursing care to compare the effect of nursing intervention on outcomes.RESULTS The infection rate,which was not associated with age or complications,was significantly associated with biochemical parameters and invasive procedures(P<0.05).The infection rate was 61.6%in patients who had undergone invasive procedures and 32.1%in those who had not undergone invasive procedures during the hospital stay.The infection rate was also significantly associated with the type of LF(P<0.05),with the lowest rate observed in patients with acute LF and the highest rate observed in those with subacute LF.The nursing satisfaction rate was 58.3%in the uninfected group and 91.7%in the infected group,indicating significantly higher satisfaction in the infected group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In patients with LF,the rate of secondary infections was high and associated with biochemical parameters and type of LF.Comprehensive nursing intervention can improve patient satisfaction.

The Place of Nursing Theory in the Management of Post-Operative Infections in a Hospital Environment: Case of Cibitoke District Hospital

Introduction: Post-operative infections, such as surgical site infections (SSIs), are a significant concern in healthcare settings. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these infections. The use of nursing theory could contribute to the prevention of SSIs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nursing theory in the management of surgical site infections (SSIs) in a hospital environment. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods to assess the role of nursing theory in the management of Post-operative infections (POI) in a hospital setting in October 2023. The study population consisted of nurses working in the Surgery, Emergency, and Maternity units at Cibitoke District Hospital. A sample size of 71 nurses working full or part time in the Surgery were invited to participate in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, and SPSS version 21.0 software was used for analysis. Results: The study found that nursing theory did not have any statistically significant place in the management of POI (p-value = 0.523). However, the results showed that experience was the only significant factor influencing the management of POI (p-value = 0.004). This is explained by the analysis of the net effects of the explanatory variable where we noticed that those who had more experience were more likely to manage post-operative infections. The participants’ knowledge regarding nursing theory in the management was poor as they scored less than 30% in all the variables used to measure their knowledge. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurses’ knowledge of nursing theories and their applications in the management of SSIs was poor. Continuing professional development, curriculum review, and in-service training were highly recommended.

Role of nutrition in diabetes mellitus and infections

In this editorial,we have commented on the article that has been published in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors have described a case of unilateral thyroid cyst and have opined that the acute onset of infection may be linked to diabetes mellitus(DM).We have focused on the role of nutrition in the association between DM and infection.Patients with DM are at a high risk of infection,which could also be attributed to nutrition-related factors.Nutritional interventions for patients with diabetes are mainly based on a low-calorie diet,which can be achieved by adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet.However,dietary fiber supplementation is recommended to maintain the diversity of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,high-quality protein can prevent the increased risk of infection due to malnutrition.Supplementation of vitamins C,vitamins A,vitamins D,and folic acid improves blood sugar control and facilitates immune regulation.Mineral deficiencies augment the risk of infection,but the relationship with diabetes is mostly U-shaped and a good intake should be maintained.

Infection control and prevention in burn victims:The role of nurses

Burn injury is a major public health concern,with an estimated 180,000 deaths each year associated with burn-related infections.The majority of these occur in low-and middle-income countries,and almost two-thirds occur in the World Health Organization African and South-East Asia Regions.There is a risk of an escalation of burn injury site infections if nurses who are directly involved in burn care do not develop a mechanism to mitigate this risk in the coming years.Hence,this study aims at explaining what burn injuries are and how nurses can prevent the occurrence of infection among burn victims.This review analyzed published studies using keywords such as burn injury,infection in burn patients,and nurses’involvement in infection prevention and control(IPC)on search engines such as PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar.The literature was retrieved and reviewed for eligibility to capture just the variables indicated in this seminar objective;the date range chosen in the literature search was from 2015 to 2023.The study found that many patients die from burn injuries as a result of exposure to infection and most nurses are not adequately informed about infection control.The study also found that nurses’responsibilities include proper hand hygiene,wound care,the use of personal protective equipment,antibiotic medication,cleaning the patient’s surroundings,and preventing patient cross-contamination.Burn injuries pose a significant risk to patients,necessitating infection control and prevention.Therefore,nurses in burn units should be informed on IPC practices and also educate patients,families,and coworkers on their importance.

Effects of cooperative nursing and patient education on postoperative infection and self-efficacy in gastrointestinal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors have a high incidence rate.The application value of the cooperative nursing care system of medical care has received widespread attention in recent years.However,there are few studies on the value of the joint application of collaborative nursing care and self-efficacy education.AIM To explore the effect of cooperative nursing care management/self-efficacy education on postoperative infection and self-efficacy in gastrointestinal tumor surgery patients.METHODS A total of 102 patients with gastrointestinal tumors treated in our hospital from October 2018 to February 2020 were selected and divided into a conventional group(n=51)and a combined group(n=51)according to the nursing plan.The routine group adopted routine nursing,and the joint group adopted the medical care cooperative responsibility system nursing management combined with selfefficacy education.The self-efficacy scores,coping style scores,self-experience burden scores,and postoperative complication rates of the two groups before and after intervention were counted.RESULTS After intervention,the daily life behavior management,cognitive symptom management,and disease management scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and those of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group(all P=0.000).After the intervention,the positive response scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,the negative response scores were lower than those before the intervention,and the combined group was better than the conventional group(all P=0.000).After the intervention,the two groups’emotional,economic,and physical factor scores were lower than those before the intervention,and the combined group was lower than the conventional group(all P=0.000).The incidence of infection in the combined group(1.96%)was lower than that in the conventional group(15.69%)(P=0.036).CONCLUSION Cooperative nursing care management and self-efficacy education improved the physical and mental states of gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients,change the response to disease,and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Progress on the Prevention and Nursing of Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Radical hysterectomy(RH) and pelvic lymphadenectomy are the main treatment methods for early cervical cancer and endometrial carcinoma.Effective care measures,however,can decrease the incidence of UTIs and complications associated with RH and pelvic lymphadenectomy,as well as improve the therapeutic effects of administered drugs and patient prognosis.The writer refers to relevant literatures to analyze the reasons for postoperative UTIs and to provide a brief summary of the nursing methods for and progress in UTI prevention.

Study on the Relationship between Nursing Staffing and Nosocomial Infection in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Background: At present, there is no domestic research on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital infection in very low birth weight infants. In this paper, we will explore the relationship between nurses of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and nosocomial infections. Methods: The clinical data of 280 very low birth weight infants born in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were collected, and the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to study the nursing staff of each very low birth weight infant who was admitted to the NICU The relationship between the number of infections and hospital infections. Results: On average, each nurse needs to care for 4.3 very low birth weight infants (lowest to highest: 2.50 - 8.42). In the univariate analysis, the higher the incidence of urinary tract infection (P < 0.05), the multivariate logistic regression analysis of neonatal nosocomial infection showed that nurse staffing was significantly related to the incidence of urinary tract infection (OR = 1.78;95% confidence interval, 1.17 - 2.35, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between nurse staffing and bloodstream infection (OR = 0.91;95% confidence interval, 0.74 - 1.06, P > 0.05) or Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) infection (OR = 1.17;95% confidence interval, 0.94 - 1.47, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our research shows that in the neonatal intensive care unit, the reasonable deployment of nursing staff is an important factor in preventing urinary tract infections in very low birth weight infants. It is important for improving the survival rate of very low birth weight infants and reducing the occurrence of sequelae.

New Progress in the Cause Analysis and Nursing of Respiratory Tract Infection after Abdominal Surgery under General Anesthesia

This article provides a review of the causes of respiratory tract infection after abdominal surgery. These causes include general anesthesia, intubation factors, factors inherent to the patient, surgical factors, the injudicious use of antimicrobial agents, and the environmental factors of the ward. The perioperative management of the respiratory tract should be strengthened. Health education, respiratory function training, oral nursing intervention,atomization inhalation, and personalized expectoration methods should receive more attention to decrease the complications and promote the early rehabilitation of patients after abdominal surgery.

Analysis of the Influence of Operating Room Nursing Care Management on the Incidence Rate of Nosocomial Infection in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Objective:To analysis the influence of operating room nursing care management on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection in orthopedic surgery patients.Methodology:Fifty six orthopedic surgery patients who admitted into the hospital between January to December 2018 were enrolled into this study and randomly divided into two groups,which were the control group(under general management)and the observation group(under the operating room nursing care management).Further,the incidence rate of nosocomial infections,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care phenomena,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score were observed and recorded.Result:The incidence rate of nosocomial infection,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care management,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score of the observation group were compared to that of the control group,and the result showed P<0.05,indicates the statistical significance between the data indicators.Conclusion:The use of operating room nursing care management in patients with orthopedic surgery has shown a significant effect.

Application of Nursing Quality Index Management in Reducing the Infection of Tunnel-Cuffed Hemodialysis Catheter

Objective: To explore how the nursing quality management reduces the infection of tunneled-cuffed hemodialysis catheter (TCC). Methods: The TCC infection rate from January 1st to December 31th was used as the baseline data, and the TCC infection rate from January 2014 to December 2017 was used for annual comparison. Through the nursing quality index management mode, the TCC infection rate was compared quarterly, annually and year by year by taking the measures of joint ward checking, optimizing nursing process, analyzing the root cause of infection cases and formulating countermeasures. Results: The Centre has been implementing the management of nursing quality indicators since 2014. TCC infection rate is an important part of Quality of Nursing Index Management. The comparison between 2013 and 2014 (X2 = 4.20, P = 0.04) was P Conclusion: The nursing quality index management can effectively reduce the incidence of TCC infection.

Analysis on Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Orthopedic Patients and Research on Nursing Strategies

Orthopedic patients mostly comprise traumatic patients and elderly or sick individuals. More patients with emergency surgery suffer from open wounds and serious pollution, and operation time is relatively long. Thus, orthopedic patients with surgical incision infection account for a large proportion of incidence of hospital infection. Orthopedic patients are also bedridden for long periods, and they receive poor bone tissue blood supply. In surgical incision infections, mild cases suffer from delayed wound healing, whereas severe cases can form osteomyelitis. This study reviews progress of research on risk factors of nosocomial infection among orthopedic patients in recent years.

Knowledge of“Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections(2011)”:A survey of intensive care unit nursing staffs in China

Aims and objectives:To evaluate intensive care unit(ICU)nurses'knowledge of the updated guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections;to identify the factors that affect the nurses'knowledge and to explore the barriers to adherence to evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice in China.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in Chinese ICUs from January 2013 to March 2014.The nurses'demographic information,knowledge of the guidelines,and barriers to adherence were assessed by a validated questionnaire and then analyzed statistically.Results:The questionnaires were completed by 455 ICU nurses from 4 provinces of China.The mean score was 8.17 of 20,and higher scores were significantly associated with province,years of experience,and years of ICU experience.Forty-nine(10.7%)nurses had not heard of the guidelines,whereas 231(50.7%)nurses heard of the guidelines but did not receive training for them.Trained nurses'scores were higher than untrained nurses'scores.The three main barriers to compliance with the guidelines were an unfamiliarity with them,an excessive workload due to a shortage of nurses,and a lack of training.Conclusions:ICU nurses'knowledge of the updated guidelines is quite low,which could be a potential risk factor for patient safety.Multidisciplinary interventions and continuous.

Clinical Research of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Nursing, Infection Prevention and Control for Senile Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture during Epidemic Period

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are the high incidences of diseases in the elderly. During the epidemic period, if not treated in time, the complications are high and the mortality is high. If we do not pay attention to infection prevention and control in pre-hospital emergency care, it will lead to the first time infection of medical staff and in-hospital cross infection in emergency outpatient receiving area. The correct consideration of both and the establishment of perfect pre-hospital emergency treatment and infection prevention and control synchronous strategy is an important premise to ensure the stable, orderly and safe medical treatment. Objective: To explore the effect of synchronous implementation of pre-hospital emergency care, nursing and infection pre-vention and control for senile OVCF during the epidemic. In order to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital emergency care and prevent the spread of infection. Method: A total of 92 elderly patients with OVCF who received pre-hospital treatment in 18 hospitals in Zhangjiakou City during the epidemic prevention and control period from January 2020 to November 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as research objects, including 24 males and 68 females, aged 65 - 82 (74.2 ± 2.2) years. All patients were associated with concomitant injuries and underlying diseases. All patients in this group underwent predictive pre-hospital rescue and infection prevention and control procedures. Results: All the 92 elderly patients with OVCF received timely pre-hospital treatment during the epidemic period, and no aggravation occurred of the 92 patients, 35 were in the high risk area, 10 were in the medium risk area, and 47 were in the low risk area. Exclude OVCF for NCP Patients were treated according to the conventional diagnosis and treatment principles. Suspected and confirmed cases are transferred to designated surgical hospitals for treatment. All patients were followed up 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. There was no death rate, high satisfaction of pre-hospital first aid, high diagnostic accuracy, and good curative effect. None of the rescue personnel had any infection rate, and no hospital infection transmission and nosocomial cross infection occurred. Conclusion: It is the first step to safely treat patients and prevent cross infection to establish a perfect synchronous strategy of pre-hospital first aid and infection prevention and control.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Protocols for Fever Caused by Exogenous Pathogens (Upper Respiratory Infection)

Fever caused by exogenous pathogens,also called upper respiratory infection( URI),refers to a classification of exogenous diseases induced by invasion of six pathogenic factors into the body leading to disharmony betw een nutrient Qi and defensive Qi and imbalance of Yin and Yang. As an extremely common symptom or sign,it is frequently seen in various processes of acute and chronic diseases. In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) has achieved a certain efficacy in the treatment of fever caused by exogenous pathogens,such as modified formulae,Chinese patent drugs,self-made formulae,acupuncture,moxibustion and so on.This article mainly explored the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and health guidance of fever caused by exogenous pathogens,in order to further develop the advantages of TCM,improve its efficacy and standardize its nursing behavior.

Development of a questionnaire assessing nursing staff’s knowledge,attitude,and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients:testing reliability and validity

Objective:To develop a questionnaire assessing nursing staff’s knowledge,attitude,and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and test its reliability and validity.Methods:After the drafted questionnaire was developed,two rounds of Delphi survey were conducted by consulting experts to improve the questionnaire.Subsequently,700 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to nursing staff to assess its reliability and validity.Results:Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)identifies 3 aspects,namely knowledge,attitude,and practice,with a total of 38 items.The Cronbach’s a coefficients of the questionnaire and each of the aspects are 0.85,0.80,0.886,and 0.77(>0.7),respectively.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)of each of the aspects are c2/df=3.99,2.26,and 3.32;Goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.91,0.97,and 0.92;Root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.06,0.04,and 0.05;Comparative fit index(CFI)=0.91,0.96,and 0.90.Conclusions:Through this study,it can be ascertained whether the developed questionnaire enjoys sound reliability and validity in assessing nursing staff’s knowledge,attitude,and practice on preventing the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and thus has certain application value.

Prevention of central venous catheter-related infection in ICU with cluster nursing intervention: a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical effects of cluster nursing intervention in preventing central venous catheter-related infection in intensive care unit.Methods:A randomized controlled study was searched from China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),Wanfang,Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System(SinoMed),PubMed,Embase and Cochrane library databases from the establishment to May 1,2020.Two reviewers independently evaluated and cross checked the quality of the study.Revman 5.3 was used to conduct the meta-analysis.Results:A total of 21 randomized controlled trials with 6,030 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of central venous catheter-related infection(relative risk(RR)=0.29,95%confidence interval(CI)[0.23,0.37]),the incidence of catheter plugging(RR=0.25,95%CI[0.16,0.39])and catheter prolapse(RR=0.18,95%CI[0.11,0.29])were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion:Cluster nursing intervention could prevent central venous catheter-related infection in intensive care unit.

Knowledge and awareness of infection control practices among nursing professionals:A cross-sectional survey from South Asia and the Middle East

BACKGROUND The proficiency of nursing professionals in the infection prevention and control(IPC)practices is a core component of the strategy to mitigate the challenge of healthcare associated infections.AIM To test knowledge of nurses working in intensive care units(ICU)in South Asia and Middle East countries on IPC practices.METHODS An online self-assessment questionnaire based on various aspects of IPC practices was conducted among nurses over three weeks.RESULTS A total of 1333 nurses from 13 countries completed the survey.The average score was 72.8%and 36%of nurses were proficient(mean score>80%).43%and 68.3%of respondents were from government and teaching hospitals,respectively.79.2%of respondents worked in<25 bedded ICUs and 46.5%in closed ICUs.Statistically,a significant association was found between the knowledge and expertise of nurses,the country’s per-capita income,type of hospitals,accreditation and teaching status of hospitals and type of ICUs.Working in high-and upper-middleincome countries(β=4.89,95%CI:3.55 to 6.22)was positively associated,and the teaching status of the hospital(β=-4.58,95%CI:-6.81 to-2.36)was negatively associated with the knowledge score among respondents.CONCLUSION There is considerable variation in knowledge among nurses working in ICU.Factors like income status of countries,public vs private and teaching status of hospitals and experience are independently associated with nurses’knowledge of IPC practices.

Neonatal Umbilical Cord Infections: Incidence, Associated Factors and Cord Care Practices by Nursing Mothers at a Tertiary Hospital in Western Uganda

Background: Umbilical cord infections complicate to neonatal sepsis that significantly contributes to neonatal mortality worldwide. There is paucity of data on the incidence, factors associated with neonatal umbilical cord infections in western Uganda, yet nursing mothers continue to practice potentially dangerous cord care practices. We described the incidence, factors associated with umbilical cord infections and cord care practices by nursing mothers at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda between the months of March and June 2019. Two hundred and forty (240) neonates aged between 2 to 14 days attending the neonatal unit were recruited in the study. Umbilical cord infection was assessed based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical definition: finding of any of discharge, redness and swelling on the umbilical stump. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal perinatal factors and cord care practices of the nursing mothers were analysed by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using STATA 13.0 to determine factors associated with umbilical cord infection. Results: Sixty-five, 65 (27.1%) neonates had at least one sign of cord infection. Majority of the nursing mothers, 168 (70%) do not use the recommended umbilical cord care practices. Among these, 73 (30.4%) do not cleanse the cord while 95 (39.6%) cleanse with application of a dangerous substance. Application of dangerous substance to the cord (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.37 - 6.37, p = 0.006) and maternal secondary education level (aOR = 2.1, CI = 1.01 - 4.18, p = 0.046) were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection. Conclusions: The incidence of neonatal umbilical cord infection is high in this setting. Application of a dangerous substance to the umbilical stump and maternal secondary education level were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection. Clinicians should routinely examine the umbilical stump of every neonate for the signs of infection and encourage mothers to avoid application of dangerous substances to the cord. Maternal education on the recommended cord care practices during antenatal and postnatal period could reduce the incidence of umbilical cord infection among neonates in low resource setting.

Effect of Cluster Nursing in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection in Postoperative Patients with Indwelling Urinary Catheter

Objective:This paper expounds and analyzes the effect of cluster nursing in preventing urinary tract infection in postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter.Methods:A total of 400 postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter,treated in Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital in recent two years,were recruited as research subjects.The patients were equally divided into group A and group B,with 200 patients in each group,and all received routine anti-infectives.The patients in group A(200 cases)received routine nursing.On the basis of group A,cluster nursing was implemented for patients in group B(200 cases).Results:The indwelling time of urinary catheter,the disappearance time of bladder irritation symptoms,and the probability of urinary tract infection were compared between both groups,which showed that the nursing effect of group B was better than that of group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of cluster nursing in postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter can improve the deficiency of routine nursing,consolidate the treatment effect,and reduce the complication rate of urinary tract infection.

Effect of Individualized Nursing Intervention on Patients with Tuberculosis Latent Infection and Active Tuberculosis

Objective:This paper aims to explore the effect of individualized nursing intervention on patients with active tuberculosis(ATB)and latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI).Methods:The nursing study started in January 2020 and ended in January 2023.A total of 60 patients with ATB and LTBI were included,and they were divided into two groups according to the intervention schemes selected for control testing,each with 30 cases.The intervention program selected for group A was routine care,and for group B was individualized nursing.The proportion of adverse reactions,changes in the level of lung items,self-management outcomes and satisfaction were evaluated and compared.Results:After evaluating the proportion of adverse reactions,the total proportion of ATB and LTBI in group B was lower than that in group A(P<0.05).Based on the evaluation and testing of the expiratory flow(EF),expiratory volume(EV),and vital capacity(VC)after the intervention,these levels in group B showed higher outcomes than those in group A(P<0.05).The scores in terms of living habits,sleep,diet,and compliance in group B were higher than those in group A(P<0.05).The total proportion of the satisfaction of ATB and LTBI patients in group B was higher than that in group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:After the intervention of individualized nursing measures in patients with ATB and LTBI,it was found that it can not only play a positive role in the prevention and control of adverse reactions,but also improve their lung function,and promote their self-management,with good satisfaction level,thus it has high research and clinical application values.