Effect of calibration data series length on performance and optimal parameters of hydrological model

In order to assess the effects of calibration data series length on the performance and optimal parameter values of a hydrological model in ungauged or data-limited catchments （data are non-continuous and fragmental in some catchments）, we used non-continuous calibration periods for more independent streamflow data for SIMHYD （simple hydrology） model calibration. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and percentage water balance error were used as performance measures. The particle swarm optimization （PSO） method was used to calibrate the rainfall-runoff models. Different lengths of data series ranging from one year to ten years, randomly sampled, were used to study the impact of calibration data series length. Fifty-five relatively unimpaired catchments located all over Australia with daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and streamflow data were tested to obtain more general conclusions. The results show that longer calibration data series do not necessarily result in better model performance. In general, eight years of data are sufficient to obtain steady estimates of model performance and parameters for the SIMHYD model. It is also shown that most humid catchments require fewer calibration data to obtain a good performance and stable parameter values. The model performs better in humid and semi-humid catchments than in arid catchments. Our results may have useful and interesting implications for the efficiency of using limited observation data for hydrological model calibration in different climates.

Structure Parameters Optimization Analysis of Hydraulic Hammer System

In order to improve the impact performance, the structure of hydraulic hammer should be optimized. In this paper, the ranges of eight vital structure parameters of piston and reversing valve system of hydraulic hammer were selected firstly;and then found the best value of different parameters under experiments with the method of computer optimization and the parametric analysis method provided by ADAMS software. These methods worked and the best design values of parameters of hydraulic hammer were obtained. At last, the optimal impact energy of virtual prototype of hydraulic breaking hammer was calculated and compared with the original impact performance. The results reveal that impact performance of hydraulic hammer has been improved significantly.

Analysis and Key Parameter Optimization Design of Leningrader Seal Performance

In order to improve the performance and service life of the Leningrader seal of the Stirling engine piston rod,interference,pre-load and friction coefficient were taken as influencing factors,and the curved surface response method was adopted to reduce the contact stress of sealing surface and von Mises stress of the sealing sleeve as the response index,with the optimization goal of reducing wear and extending life.The above three key parameters are analyzed and optimized,the influence of each parameter on the sealing performance and service life is obtained,and the best combination scheme of the three is determined.The results show that the interaction between pre-tightening force and interference fit has the greatest impact on contact stress.The interaction between interference fit and friction coeffi-cient has the most significant effect on von Mises stress.The optimized parameters can reduce the maximum contact stress and maximum von Mises stress of the sealing sleeve by 26.3%and 20.6%,respectively,under a media pressure of 5-9 MPa.Test bench verification shows that the leakage of the optimized sealing device in 12 h is reduced by 0.44 cc·min^(-1)(1 cc=1 cm^(3)).The wear rate of the sealing sleeve is 1.08%before optimization and 0.45%after optimization,indicating that the optimized parameters in this paper are effective.

Multi-objective Optimization of Geothermal Extraction from the Enhanced Geothermal System in Qiabuqia Geothermal Field, Gonghe Basin

A geothermal demonstration exploitation area will be established in the Enhanced Geothermal System of the Qiabuqia field, Gonghe Basin, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau in China. Selection of operational parameters for geothermal field extraction is thus of great significance to realize the best production performance. A novel integrated method of finite element and multi-objective optimization has been employed to obtain the optimal scheme for thermal extraction from the Gonghe Basin. A thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model(THM) is established to analyze the thermal performance. From this it has been found that there exists a contraction among different heat extraction indexes. Parametric study indicates that injection mass rate(Q_(in)) is the most sensitive parameter to the heat extraction, followed by well spacing(WS) and injection temperature(T_(in)). The least sensitive parameter is production pressure(p_(out)). The optimal combination of operational parameters acquired is such that(T_(in), p_(out), Q_(in), WS) equals(72.72°C, 30.56 MPa, 18.32 kg/s, 327.82 m). Results indicate that the maximum electrical power is 1.41 MW for the optimal case over 20 years. The thermal break has been relieved and the pressure difference reduced by 8 MPa compared with the base case. The optimal case would extract 50% more energy than that of a previous case and the outcome will provide a remarkable reference for the construction of Gonghe project.

Blade Shape Optimization of Liquid Turbine Flow Sensor

Based on the characteristic curve analysis, the method using D(K^2) square difference of meter factor at different flow rates was developed to evaluate the performance of turbine flow sensor in this study. Then according to the distribution of entrance velocity, it was supposed that reducing the blade area near the tip could decrease the linearity error of a sensor. Therefore, the influence of different blade shape parameters on the performance of the sensor was investigated by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation with experimental test. The experimental results showed that, for the liquid turbine flow sensor with a diameter of 10 mm, the linearity error was smallest, and the performance of sensor was optimal when blade shape parameter equaled 0.25.

Parametric Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle with R245fa/R601a as Working Fluid

In order to select the appropriate working fluids and optimize parameters for medium-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle(ORC), R245 fa is mixed with R601 a at geothermal water temperature of 110 ℃. Based on thermodynamics, the characteristics of mixture and its influence on the performance of ORC under different evaporating temperatures and composition proportions are analyzed. Results show that the zeotropic mixture R245fa/R601a(0.4/0.6) has the highest performance. When the evaporating temperature reaches 67 ℃, the outlet temperature of geothermal water is 61 ℃, the net power output is the highest and the thermal efficiency is about 9%.

Fault-tolerant control systems design via subdivision of parameter region

This paper presents a linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach to solve the fault-tolerant control （FTC） problem of actuator faults. The range of actuator faults is considered as a parameter region and subdivided into several subregions to achieve a certain desired performance specification. Based on the integral quadratic constraint （IQC） approach, a passive fault-tolerant controller for the whole fault region and multiple fault-tolerant controllers for each fault subregion are designed for guaranteeing stability and improving performance of the FTC system, respectively. According to the estimation of parameters by FDI process, the corresponding subregion controller is chosen for the stability and optimal performance of closed-loop systems when the fault occurs. The case of incorrect estimation is also considered by comparing the performance index between the switched controller and the passive fault-tolerant controller. The proposed design technique is finally evaluated in the light of a simulation example.

Performance improvement of licklider transmission protocol in complex deep space networks based on parameter optimization

A reasonable parameter configuration helps improve the data transmission performance of the Licklider Transmission Protocol(LTP).Previous research has focused mainly on parameter optimization for LTP in simplified scenarios with one to two hops or multihop scenarios with a custody mechanism of the Bundle Protocol(BP).However,the research results are not applicable to communications in Complex Deep Space Networks(CDSNs)without the custody mechanism of BP that are more suitable for deep space communications with LTP.In this paper,we propose a model of file delivery time for LTP in CDSNs.Based on the model,we propose a Parameter Optimization Design Algorithm for LTP(LTP-PODA)of configuring reasonable parameters for LTP.The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is at least 6.47%higher than that of the previously established models based on simple scenarios,and the proposed model is more suitable for CDSNs.Moreover,the LTP parameters are optimized by the LTP-PODA algorithm to obtain an optimization plan.Configuring the optimization plan for LTP improves the protocol transmission performance by at least 18.77%compared with configuring the other parameter configuration plans.

Evaluation of Operating Domains in Power Systems

This paper presents the results of a recent major industry-supported study with the aim to provide power system operators with more meaningful and effective means to quickly identify feasible operating boundaries as well as more flexibility to select alternate operating scenarios. In this regard, the paper outlines the main theoretical basis and computational framework for the development of innovative computerized schemes capable of identifying and processing various system integrity domains. The novel framework allows system operators to determine – in a fast and reliable manner – the most favorable operating scenarios which maintain system security, reliability and operating performance quality. For demonstration purposes, and without loss of generality, an emphasis is given to the dynamic system security problem where the Transient Energy Function (TEF) method is used to define quantitative measures of the level (degree) of system security for a given operating scenario. Nonetheless, the framework presented is applicable quite as well to other system performance functions and criteria that may be considered. A demonstrative application is presented for a 9-bus benchmark system, widely used in the literature. In addition, a practical application is also presented for the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) power system where the operating security domain was evaluated in the operating parameter space spanned by two major interface flows in the system.

A Prediction Method for TBM Cutterhead Dynamic Tunneling Performance under Typical Composite Geological Conditions

The cutterhead system is a core component of TBM equipment,which works in the extremely severe environment,and the strong impact loads result in severe vibration,crack,damage failure and other engineering failures.Accordingly,the key for cutterhead system structure design and parameter matching is to evaluate and predict cutterhead tunneling per-formance reasonably.In this paper,a prediction method for TBM cutterhead dynamic tunneling performance is pro-posed under the typical composite geological conditions,based on the CSM model of multi-cutters and cutter loads field test data.Then an actual TBM cutterhead of a water conservancy project is taken as an example,a spatial three-dimensional separation zone model for cutterhead tunneling is established under the typical geological condition,and the parameters influence rules of cutterhead tunneling performance are analyzed.The results show that,the cutter-head loads and specific energy change rules with different parameters are basically similar.Moreover,under the condi-tion of penetration p=10mm,the cutterhead bending moment coefficient of variation magnitude exceeds 20%,which is the maximum,and the normal cutter spacing optimal value is 95mm.Also,when the normal cutter spacing is kept constant in 85mm,the penetration has a greater influence on the torque and specific energy coefficient of variations,which is increased from 2mm to 10mm,and the two indexes decrease by about 73%.It is indicated that proper increase of pene-tration is beneficial to reduce the vibration fluctuation degree of torque and specific energy.The proposed method of TBM cutterhead dynamic tunneling performance and the analysis results can provide theoretical basis and design refer-ence for TBM cutterhead layout and tunneling parameters matching.

Optimization and comparative performance analysis of conventional and desiccant air conditioning systems regenerated by two different modes for hot and humid climates:Experimental investigation

A desiccant air conditioning system is considered a capable alternative to a conventional air conditioning system because of its independent control of temperature,humidity and being eco-friendly.Also,to resolve the problem of more energy consumption for the restoration of a desiccant,structures comprising of desiccant can utilize thermal energy or complete waste heat to revive desiccant material.Therefore,this research work executes an experimental,optimization and comparative examination for conventional and desiccant air conditioning sys-tems regenerated by two different modes,i.e.firstly using(Mode-I)complete waste heat from condenser and secondly using(Mode-II)rod(electric heater)heat for regeneration at different process air inlet temperatures,i.e.(28,29.5,31,32.5,34,35.5 and 37°C),at different process air inlet velocities,i.e.(1.5,2.5,3.5 and 4.5 m/s)and a fix(2.5 m/s)regeneration air inlet velocity.Thus,optimization of performance parameters,i.e.VCOP,ECOP,dehumidification effectiveness,moisture removal capacity(kg/hr),DCOP,regeneration effectiveness and regeneration rate(kg/hr),is identified for achieving maximum efficiency of conventional and desiccant air con-ditioning systems under the above operating conditions.

脑出血患者血肿扩大的CT征象、参数表现及其相关的影响因素模型构建

目的 探讨脑出血(ICH)患者血肿扩大(HE)的电子计算机断层扫描(CT)征象、参数表现及其相关的影响因素,并构建模型。方法 对于2020年1月~2023年1月在湖北省潜江市中心医院接受治疗的124例ICH患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将发生HE的患者纳入HE组(59例),未发生HE的患者纳入无HE组(65例)。比较两组一般资料、CT征象、参数表现,并予以多因素Logistic回归分析法分析ICH患者HE的危险因素,构建预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其对ICH患者HE的预测价值。结果 HE组入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分低于无HE组;基线血肿量、全血NPR水平均高于无HE组;初诊血肿体积、高低密度差大于无H E组;岛征、漩涡征、黑洞征、混合征及联合征象的患者占比分别为40.68%、44.07%、35.59%、52.54%及83.05%,均高于无HE组的7.69%、7.69%、4.62%、 9.23%及20.00%(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ICH患者HE的独立危险因素包括全血NPR水平高、初诊血肿体积大、高低密度差大、岛征、漩涡征、黑洞征、混合征及联合征象(OR=1.575、2.406、1.408、1.929、2.713、2.784、2.195、2.633,P<0.05)。构建回归方程模型:logit(P)=-8.983+全血NPR水平×0.454+初诊血肿体积×0.878+高低密度差×0.342+岛征×0.657+漩涡征×0.998+黑洞征X1.024+混合征×0.786+联合征象×0.968。ROC曲线显示,当logit(P)>12.41时,曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.824,95%CI为0.746~0.887,χ^(2)为8.848,诊断敏感度为79.66%,特异度为73.85%。结论 ICH患者HE的独立危险因素包括全血NPR水平高、初诊血肿体积大、高低密度差大、漩涡征、岛征、混合征、黑洞征及联合征象,预测模型对其预测价值较高,临床尽早结合上述情况进行评估,并给予针对性干预措施,有助于预防ICH患者HE的发生风险。

高速S-CO_(2)向心透平几何参数优化及变工况特性分析

透平是热力循环中实现热功转换的核心设备,优化透平几何参数以改善气动性能,是提升系统热效率的关键。该文以面向某船舶主机烟气余热利用的超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环透平设计参数为基础,给出向心透平主要几何参数,采用耦合CO_(2)真实物性参数的CFX仿真方法,分析几何参数动、静叶包角以及叶轮出口几何角对透平性能的影响规律并进行参数优化,进一步研究非设计工况下的透平运行特性。结果表明:增大静叶包角会使动叶前缘出现扰动涡流并减少余速损失,增大叶轮出口几何角,动叶包角对透平效率的影响规律不变,但效率峰值点会沿动叶包角减小的方向移动;动、静叶包角和叶轮出口几何角分别为49°、21.5°、25°时透平设计点总-静等熵效率高达87.99%,相比优化前,提高0.54个百分点;透平偏离设计点±20%工况下等熵效率大于80%。结果可为超临界二氧化碳高速向心透平设计提供一定参考。

微创手术机器人主操作手设计与优化

主操作手作为机器人辅助微创外科手术中人机交互的唯一接口,提高其灵活性和紧凑性,对手术效果具有重要意义。设计了一款8自由度(Degree Of Freedom,DOF)串联型主操作手,其能够实现位置、姿态和开合力矩输出。采用改进的D-H参数法和解析法,分别建立了主操作手正运动学和逆运动学模型,并通过蒙特卡洛法分析了主操作手工作空间,验证了其设计要求;求解了主操作手雅可比矩阵,基于全局灵巧度指标和工作空间利用率指标,定义了主操作手的综合性能指标;利用遗传算法对主操作手的关键连杆尺度参数进行了优化。结果表明,优化后主操作手的综合性能指标相对于优化前提高了18.41%;主操作手在满足工作空间设计要求的基础上,机构更加紧凑且具备了良好的运动性能。

斯特林机帽式密封性能分析及回归参数优化设计

为改善斯特林机活塞杆帽式密封性能,首先采用数值仿真分析了5 MPa工质压力下其静、动态力学特性,从而获取了O型圈内径尺寸L_(N)、C型环径向壁厚T和装配过盈量S这3个关键结构参数对密封性能的影响规律。在此基础上,利用回归设计法以配伍面最大接触压力平稳且密封可靠为优化目标,对密封结构的上述3个关键参数进行优化设计以确定其最佳匹配方案,最后通过密封试验台验证了本文优化设计方法的准确性和普适性。结果表明:活塞杆与C型环密封面中间区域上最大接触压力随L_(N)和S的增大而增大,但随T的增大而减小;通过估计回归系数和方差分析(ANOVA)发现,L_(N)对密封性能影响最为显著、S次之、T影响最小;L_(N)和T、L_(N)和S交互项对响应显著,而T和S交互项对响应不显著;当L_(N)为13.745 mm、T为0.40 mm和S为0.020 mm时,优化密封件对应的正行程最大接触压力为9.01 MPa、回程为9.75 MPa,较工程在用密封件(L_(N)=13.780 mm、T=0.50 mm、S=0 mm)最大接触压力分别降低了14.7%和25.5%。实验进一步验证了优化密封件的密封性能和使用寿命均优于工程在用密封件,并且在不同工质压力下优化密封件的接触压力均匀性更好,减摩延寿效果显著,充分证明本文性能分析与优化设计方法准确有效。

基于Edem-RecurDyn联合仿真的火车皮厢底冻黏浮煤清扫机构性能优化分析

火车皮作为煤炭运输的主要设备之一,其运输效率一直是煤炭运输行业的关注重点,在北方地区冬季低温条件下,影响运输效率的主要原因是煤炭中所含的水分与凹凸不平的车厢内表面形成黏附,逐渐由车厢表层向煤炭内部扩散,最终产生冻车现象导致设备无法继续运行。首先,以不同清扫方式现存的问题为出发点,结合实际的工程项目,设计了一款自动化冻黏浮煤清扫机构并对其清扫性能进行优化研究。其次,通过理论研究分析建立浮煤冻黏颗粒模型,分析清扫过程中滚刀的运动情况并建立力学模型和数学模型。最后,联合多体动力学软件RecurDyn对清扫机构底部清扫滚筒性能进行仿真研究,求解不同滚筒转速、牵引速度和清扫深度对清扫性能的影响规律,通过优化寻求清扫阻力最小、能耗最低的性能参数匹配方案。结果表明,清扫机构的清扫效率受滚筒转速影响较小,随滚筒转速提高,清扫阻力大小在一定范围内波动;随着牵引速度不断提高,清扫阻力先降低后逐渐增高;清扫深度对清扫阻力的影响最大,随清扫深度的增加,其清扫阻力不断增加。根据单因素参数对清扫阻力大小影响规律,取合理范围利用响应面法对其综合影响规律进行仿真试验,得到目标函数后,利用Matlab对其数学模型求解最优解,最终得到滚筒转速为78 r/min、牵引速度为0.05 m/s、清扫深度为100 mm时,清扫机构所受阻力最小、清扫比能耗最低为0.22 kWh/m^(3),清扫机构性能达到最优。

翅片增强空气式相变储能装置蓄热性能模拟研究

目的为解决空气式相变储能装置中存在的蓄热时间过长等问题,探究该装置蓄热性能的优化措施。方法利用FLUENT仿真软件对添加不同体积分数、厚度和高度翅片空气式相变储能装置的温度场进行数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行比较分析。结果翅片体积分数为15%,厚度为8 mm,高度为14 mm时,空气式相变储能装置蓄热时间缩短最显著,可缩短46.97%。结论翅片的添加对相变储能单元的熔化具有促进作用,通过优化翅片体积分数、厚度和高度参数,可以提高空气式相变储能装置的蓄热性能。

相变储能单元中翅片的设计优化研究进展

潜热储能技术(Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage, LHTES)已得到学术界的广泛认可,被认为是最有前途的储热技术之一,但几乎所有的相变材料(Phase Change Material, PCM)都存在热导率低、相变过程中传热性能差的问题。在PCM中添加翅片是提高PCM潜热蓄热放热速率的有效方式之一,目前已在翅片强化PCM传热性能的原理和优化方面开展广泛的研究。首先对影响PCM传热性能的因素进行综述,并对其传热机制进行分析。分析表明翅片的材料对PCM的传热性能影响有限;翅片的形状、体积分数、分布形式及倾角均会对PCM的蓄放热性能产生影响。翅片与其他增强潜热技术结合的应用方式,使PCM的传热性能和蓄放热速率进一步提升;并对其增强机制进行分析。对提升PCM传热性能的优化方向进行了展望。旨在改善PCM的潜热蓄放热性能,以促进潜热储能技术进一步发展。

船用双燃料柴油机多参数优化匹配分析

为了减少实验次数,寻找最佳参数匹配,使用正交实验设计方法,选取异戊醇掺混比、喷油提前角、进气温度、扫气压力4个参数的各4个水平进行仿真实验,以NO质量分数和指示功率作为实验的评价指标进行正交设计,运用数据极差分析寻求最佳参数组合。结果表明,得到的最优参数为:异戊醇掺混比为体积分数40%,喷油提前角为22.6°,进气温度为315.15 K,扫气压力为0.233 MPa。在此参数组合下得到最终生成的NO质量分数为0.01102%,指示功率为52.10 kW。可见,在动力性损耗较小的情况下可以实现较高的异戊醇掺混比。

倒锥参数对气举式水力旋流器分离性能的影响

利用单因素试验设计方法,针对气举式水力旋流器倒锥参数,开展不同参数下的性能优化研究。利用数值模拟方法,对不同倒锥高度、注气直径和注气速度下的流场特性及分布规律进行分析。结果表明,当倒锥高度为130 mm、注气直径为1.8 mm、注气速度为3.5 m/s时,分离效率达到最佳,较优化前提高了0.98%。对比倒锥参数优化前后的气举式水力旋流器油核分布形态,优化后油核均在倒锥结构上方形成,促进了旋流器分离性能的提升,验证了倒锥参数优化对气举式水力旋流器的重要性。