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沉默的羔羊:畜牧代管下的道德风险与弱监管
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作者 孟盟 于冷 史清华 《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》 北大核心 2024年第1期137-151,共15页
熟人社会规范向契约市场规范过渡的背景下,传统牧区畜牧代管现象开始普遍化。代理人利用信息优势实现事后机会主义行为,委托人则采用弱监管策略应对道德风险。以新疆克拉玛依市小拐乡为案例,深入分析代牧人道德风险和委托人自发性弱监... 熟人社会规范向契约市场规范过渡的背景下,传统牧区畜牧代管现象开始普遍化。代理人利用信息优势实现事后机会主义行为,委托人则采用弱监管策略应对道德风险。以新疆克拉玛依市小拐乡为案例,深入分析代牧人道德风险和委托人自发性弱监管行为的背景、发生机制和收益分配。通过分析契约设计并构建嵌入非正式制度的博弈模型,研究发现:代牧弱监管的产生与村庄产业结构、农牧户收入结构以及代牧市场类型有关。对比市场化下的工资制与承包制契约,弱违约和弱监管主要存在于工资制代牧合同中,“沉默的羔羊”本质是代牧契约中的收益分配问题,代牧人以“固定工资+浮动工资”形式获取更多剩余。委托人监督策略受到契约惩罚机制和道德声誉机制相对强度的调节,道德声誉机制占优时,委托人弱监管行为符合经济理性。促进传统农牧村庄转型,既要尊重村庄及其产业发展的自然规律,正视非正式制度的重要作用,也要适度优化契约设计,探索新型合作托养模式。 展开更多
关键词 畜牧代管 道德风险 弱监管 博弈 声誉机制 非正式制度
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乡镇片区责任制与官僚制的二元共治机制——基于浙东K镇的实证研究 被引量:24
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作者 仇叶 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2017年第1期121-129,共9页
当前片区责任制的管理模式在不少乡镇出现,并日益成为乡村治理不可缺少的制度基础。片区制具有区别于官僚体制的灵活性、综合性与基层适应性,是典型的非正式制度。在实际运作中,它与官僚体制相互依存、嵌套合作,应对复杂的治理实践,并... 当前片区责任制的管理模式在不少乡镇出现,并日益成为乡村治理不可缺少的制度基础。片区制具有区别于官僚体制的灵活性、综合性与基层适应性,是典型的非正式制度。在实际运作中,它与官僚体制相互依存、嵌套合作,应对复杂的治理实践,并取得了良好的治理绩效。从根本上来说,乡镇治理的二元化是对转型时期常态治理与非常态治理交叠的制度性应对,它表明非正式治理能够很好地弥补官僚制的不足,在当前仍然具有存在的合理性。官僚制以其理性化的特征在西方社会取得了极大的成功,但它是服务于治理目的的工具,对它的评判需要立足于具体的治理情境与治理的有效性。 展开更多
关键词 乡镇政府 片区责任制 非正式治理 官僚制 二元治理
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On Dynamics and Nash Equilibriums of Networked Games 被引量:1
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作者 Daizhan Cheng Tingting Xu +1 位作者 Fenghua He Hongsheng Qi 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI 2014年第1期10-18,共9页
Networked noncooperative games are investigated,where each player(or agent) plays with all other players in its neighborhood. Assume the evolution is based on the fact that each player uses its neighbors current infor... Networked noncooperative games are investigated,where each player(or agent) plays with all other players in its neighborhood. Assume the evolution is based on the fact that each player uses its neighbors current information to decide its next strategy. By using sub-neighborhood, the dynamics of the evolution is obtained. Then a method for calculating Nash equilibriums from mixed strategies of multi-players is proposed.The relationship between local Nash equilibriums based on individual neighborhoods and global Nash equilibriums of overall network is revealed. Then a technique is proposed to construct Nash equilibriums of an evolutionary game from its one step static Nash equilibriums. The basic tool of this approach is the semi-tensor product of matrices, which converts strategies into logical matrices and payoffs into pseudo-Boolean functions, then networked evolutionary games become discrete time dynamic systems. 展开更多
关键词 NETWORKED NON-COOPERATIVE game local infor-mation sub-neighborhood fundamental EVOLUTIONARY equation NASH equilibrium
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RDF(S) repository privacy protection via inference control
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作者 薛金蓉 郑军 安秋生 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2014年第4期495-501,共7页
The privacy protection of resource description framework (schema) (RDF(S) ) repository is an emerging topic in database security area. In this paper, entailment rules are investigated based on RDF(S) repositor... The privacy protection of resource description framework (schema) (RDF(S) ) repository is an emerging topic in database security area. In this paper, entailment rules are investigated based on RDF(S) repository firstly. Then, an idea that uses reasoning closure to judge whether the privacy disclosure caused by inference is existed is proposed. Furthermore, the definitions of impli- cation conditions and information measure of triple statements which gains data hiding algorithm with combining proposition logic reasoning theory are introduced. Meanwhile, a conversion method from conjunctive normal form to disjunctive normal form based minimal hitting sets of set cluster is aiso proposed. Finally, the experimental results show that our algorithm can prevent privacy disclosure of RDF(S) repository effectively. 展开更多
关键词 resource description framework (RDF) reasoning closure privacy disclosure infor-mation measure entailment rule minimal hitting set
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