Agriculture Information Retrieval System Based on Comprehensive Information Theory

Through analyzing syntactic,semantic,pragmatic information,the retrieval system ACIS based on comprehensive information was established,which could achieve personalized information exaction to guide user s information retrieval.

Potentials of New Information and Communication Technologies （ICTs） in Agriculture Sector

There is a widespread belief that information and knowledge are vital for rural and agricultural development. Today, generation of new and various information and knowledge sources need new information and communication channels. New information and communication technologies can decrease poverty by promotion rural people access to education, health, government and financial services; overall, they can improve livelihood. The purpose of this study was to identify potentials of new information and communications technologies （ICTs） in agricultural and rural sector. Documentary research and literature review were used as research method. Findings revealed that the most applications for these ICTs in rural and agricultural sector were： E-trade of inputs and outputs, extension and training activities for rural dwellers, advertisement of rural tourism products, knowledge transfer from urban to rural and vice versa, official procedures and geographic information system （GIS） for management of natural resources.

L3SN: A Level-Based, Large-Scale, Longevous Sensor Network System for Agriculture Information Monitoring

We developed L3SN, a scalable, longevous, adaptive, and internet accessible wireless sensor network system for agriculture information monitoring, which is meticulously designed to meet the requirement of thousands hectares coverage, years of time monitoring and the adverse environment. The system architecture, the agriculture sensor device, the mesh protocol, and the web-based information processing platform are introduced. We also presented some implementation experience. The mesh protocol (LayerMesh) is highlighted, in which “stair scheduling” and “distributed dynamic load-balancing” are proposed to response the scalability, longevity and adaptivity requirements. We believe the design of L3SN is useful to many other large-scale, longevous applications such as hydrologic monitoring, geological monitoring etc.

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture （NERCITA） was established in 2001 with the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As a national research institution, it mainly engages in research and development of agricultural and rural informatization engineering technology. Based on the requirements of agricultural and rural development of China, the major mission of NERCITA is to make key technology innovation, establish technical platform and develop significant products for agriculture, which focus on five aspects： intelligent information processing technology, remote sensing and geographic information system, precision agriculture, biological environment control engineering and automation technology as well as fast detection techniques of agricultural product security and the monitoring technology of farmland environmental quality. The ultimate goal is to provide a powerful technological support for agricultural modernization and rural development.

Tobacco Agricultural Development in Information Asymmetry——A Case Study of Baise City of Guangxi Province

We adopt sampling method combined with questionnaire to research tobacco agricultural development in Baise City of Guangxi Province. Survey results show that there are problems of inadequate propaganda; guidance and training effort; unreasonable rotation system; backward tobacco baking technologies; low specialized service level; constant increase of costs for means of production and labor employment; low information management level; and frequent occurrence of production accidents. Therefore, it is required to strengthen propaganda and training; enhance technical support; scientifically develop tobacco farmers'cooperative organizations; improve service quality; save labor and reduce cost; improve information management level; reduce institutional operation cost; reinforce guidance of safe production, to promote healthy and orderly development of tobacco agriculture in Guangxi and even in the whole country in the environment of information asymmetry.

Development and Application of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Platform for Characteristic Agriculture in Huzhou City Based on GIS

Based on the needs of characteristic agricultural production for meteorological services in Huzhou City,we use C# programming language to develop the meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning platform for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City. This platform integrates the functions of meteorological and agricultural information monitoring,disaster identification and early warning,fine weather forecast product display,and data query and management,which effectively enhances the capacity of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City,and provides strong technical support for the meteorological and agricultural departments in the agricultural meteorological services.

Understanding the potential applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture Sector

Artificial Intelligence(AI)has been extensively applied in farming recently.To cultivate healthier crops,manage pests,monitor soil and growing conditions,analyse data for farmers,and enhance other management activities of the food supply chain,the agriculture sector is turning to AI technology.It makes it challenging for farmers to choose the ideal time to plant seeds.AI helps farmers choose the optimum seed for a particular weather scenario.It also offers data on weather forecasts.AI-powered solutions will help farmers produce more with fewer resources,increase crop quality,and hasten product time to reach the market.AI aids in understanding soil qualities.AI helps farmers by suggesting the nutrients they should apply to increase the quality of the soil.AI can help farmers choose the optimal time to plant their seeds.Intelligent equipment can calculate the spacing between seeds and the maximum planting depth.An AI-powered system known as a health monitoring system provides farmers with information on the health of their crops and the nutrients that need to be given to enhance yield quality and quantity.This study identifies and analyses relevant articles on AI for Agriculture.Using AI,farmers can now access advanced data and analytics tools that will foster better farming,improve efficiencies,and reduce waste in biofuel and food production while minimising the negative environmental impacts.AI and Machine Learning(ML)have transformed various industries,and the AI wave has now reached the agriculture sector.Companies are developing several technologies to make monitoring farmers'crop and soil health easier.Hyperspectral imaging and 3D laser scanning are the leading AI-based technologies that can help ensure crop health.These AI-powered technologies collect precise data on the health of the crops in greater volume for analysis.This paper studied AI and its need in Agriculture.The process of AI in Agriculture and some Agriculture parameters monitored by AI are briefed.Finally,we identified and discussed the significant applications of AI in agriculture.

Building an interoperable space for smart agriculture

The digital transformation in agriculture introduces new challenges in terms of data,knowledge and technology adoption due to critical interoperability issues,and also challenges regarding the identification of the most suitable data sources to be exploited and the information models that must be used.DEMETER(Building an Interoperable,Data-Driven,Innovative and Sustainable European Agri-Food Sector)addresses these challenges by providing an overarching solution that integrates various heterogeneous hardware and software resources(e.g.,devices,networks,platforms)and enables the seamless sharing of data and knowledge throughout the agri-food chain.This paper introduces the main concepts of DEMETER and its reference architecture to address the data sharing and interoperability needs of farmers,which is validated via two rounds of 20 large-scale pilots along the DEMETER lifecycle.This paper elaborates on the two pilots carried out in region of Murcia in Spain,which target the arable crops sector and demonstrate the benefits of the deployed DEMETER reference architecture.

Technology and Infrastructure Considerations for E-Commerce in Chinese Agriculture

Information technology （IT） was one of the most intensively studied and extensively applied technologies in the 20th century and its research and application will be even more accelerated in the 21st century. The impact of IT is more farreaching than any one may have had imagined, encompassing all facets and sectors of society. Economically, e-commerce generated more than $1.5 trillion in the US in 2004 and is projected to be 30, 15 and 2.6% of the total manufacturing, whole sales and retail sales in the US in 2006 respectively. IT research in agriculture has so far been particularly applied to such fields as precision farming and bioinformatics and in extension and farming practices. As such, its potential application in agricultural e-commerce has only begun to be explored. The United States Department of Agriculture has identified four different functions that e-commerce firms perform in the agricultural sector. They are： （1） information distribution, （2） input supply, （3） commodity trading floor, and （4） logistics/supply chain management. Unlike other industrial products, agricultural products are much more diverse and difficult to process and handle. For instance, fruits and vegetables are perishable and have to reach the market and the hands of consumers within a short period of time. One of the problems for IT applications in agriculture is the lack of standard measures in characteristics and quality of perishable produce and processing foods. Standards are pre-requisites for effective IT application and e-commerce. According to the Global Commerce Initiative, standards bring scalability, portability and affordability to the business process. Standards speed up the supply chain and reduce errors and protect technology investments and ensure system to system interaction and interoperability. Because the complexity of issues involved in standardization, the process of standardization must involve the input and discussion from all segments of the society. Being the largest agricultural country in the world and one of the most active trading partners in the international market, China must also be involved in determining the standards for both domestic and international trades. These measures are the necessary foundations for e-commerce in agriculture. In this paper, we provide a review of the technological development of standardization and coding that are prerequisites for IT application in e-commerce. This understanding is important for professionals in China to promote e- commerce in agriculture. Finally, we propose that a national committee to be formed in China, which includes IT experts from private sectors, academic professionals and governmental officials. This committee should consider the progress being made elsewhere in the world, the unique properties of Chinese commodities and appropriate business models to determine a set of standard measures that are transportable and communicable digitally in the world market for China＇s e- commerce in agriculture.

The Operation Mechanism of Agricultural Products Supply Chain and Profit Allocation Model in the Context of Asymmetric Information

The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.

Clean Energy Consumption of Power Systems Towards Smart Agriculture: Roadmap, Bottlenecks and Technologies

Over the past decades,both agriculture and power systems have faced serious problems,such as the power supply shortage in agriculture,and difficulties of clean energy consump-tion in the power system.To address and overcome these issues,this paper proposes an idea to combine smart agriculture and clean energy consumption,use surplus clean energy to supply agriculture production,and utilize smart agriculture to support power system with clean energy penetration.A comprehensive review has been conducted to first depict the roadmap of coupling a agriculture-clean energy system,analyze their feasibilities and advantages.The recent technologies and bottlenecks are summa-rized and evaluated for the development of a combined system consisting of smart agriculture production and clean energy consumption.Several case studies are introduced to explore the mutual benefits of agriculture-clean energy systems in both the energy and food industries.

Research on Mobile-Based Logistics Information System for Hainan Agricultural Products

The current situation,information technology and problems of logistics for agricultural products were summarized.Some key technologies involved in mobilebased logistics information system for Hainan agricultural products were analyzed,such as information classification and retrieval,user information authentication via QR code,and logistics information services based on WEB and mobile devices.Emphasis was given to study the design idea,content,method for the system.

Application Model of New Agricultural Hotline Sci-tech Information Service System in Beijing

To further promote information construction in rural areas and popularize agricultural information service,we introduced the content of new agricultural hotline sci-tech information service system construction,summed up application effect of the system,analyzed advantages and existing problems in the system development,and put forward countermeasures for its further development.

Semantic Information Extraction from Multi-Corpora Using Deep Learning

Information extraction plays a vital role in natural language processing,to extract named entities and events from unstructured data.Due to the exponential data growth in the agricultural sector,extracting significant information has become a challenging task.Though existing deep learningbased techniques have been applied in smart agriculture for crop cultivation,crop disease detection,weed removal,and yield production,still it is difficult to find the semantics between extracted information due to unswerving effects of weather,soil,pest,and fertilizer data.This paper consists of two parts.An initial phase,which proposes a data preprocessing technique for removal of ambiguity in input corpora,and the second phase proposes a novel deep learning-based long short-term memory with rectification in Adam optimizer andmultilayer perceptron to find agricultural-based named entity recognition,events,and relations between them.The proposed algorithm has been trained and tested on four input corpora i.e.,agriculture,weather,soil,and pest&fertilizers.The experimental results have been compared with existing techniques and itwas observed that the proposed algorithm outperformsWeighted-SOM,LSTM+RAO,PLR-DBN,KNN,and Na飗e Bayes on standard parameters like accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity.

Construction of Agricultural Information Service System in China——under the Eyeshot of Communication Science

The paper aims to study the current communication condition,configuration,characteristic and regulation of Chinese agricultural information in terms of the eyeshot of communication studies,and provide reference to build Chinese agricultural information service system based on the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.

Studies on Agricultural Scientific and Technical Information Core Metadata Register System

To construct the Agricultural Scientific and Technical Information Core Metadata （ASTICM） standard and its expanding principles, and to develop a register system based on ASTICM, the policy and methods of DC （Dublin Core） and SDBCM （Scientific Database Core Metadata） were studied. The construction of ASTICM has started from the proposed elements of the DCMI （Dublin Core Metadata Initiative）, and has expanded the DC and SDBCM with related expanding principles. ASTICM finally includes 75 metadata elements, five expanded principles, and seven application profile creation methods. According to the requirement analysis of a large number of users of agricultural information, a register system based on ASTICM was developed. The ASTICM standard framework and its register system supported the search, sharing, integration exchange and other applications, effectively.

How to Apply Data Mining Technology to the Study of Agricultural Information Data Resources?

This paper makes a brief description of the definition and methods of data mining.It describes the characteristics of agricultural data(value delivery,specialization,spatio-temporal bidimensionality)and the status of application of data mining technology in agriculture.

Research on Development of Agricultural Geographic Information Ontology

This paper first analyzes the reason that agricultural geographic information gives rise to semantic heterogeneity and solution thereof. Although OWL （web ontology language） is the standard of ontology representation language in semantic web, it is insufficient in representing spatial characteristics, especially spatial relationship. Consequently it is pointed out to build geo-ontology by virtue of three theories such as mereology, location theory and topology in this paper. This paper introduces mereology, location theory and topology, and then discusses how to adopt these three theories to build geo-ontology. The outcome of experiment shows that solution put forward by this paper is feasible.

A Dairy Industry Information Cooperative Service System Based on a Production Process Ontology

Agricultural information cooperative services （AICS） are now becoming an important aspect of agriculture informatization. This study offers an ontological conception of the agricultural production process, establishing operational divisions corresponding to both the stages and the fundamental information requirements of the dairy industry production process in China, yielding a process ontology for the dairy industry as well as a business chain model. A framework for a dairy industry information cooperative service system was established, with service functions realized in a prototype system. The resulting agricultural process ontology built on the basis of biological characteristics has advantages as a classification standard for agricultural information; whereas the business chain model based on this agricultural process ontology allows for an effective distribution of agricultural information cooperative services. This study outlines a concept and demonstrates a prototype of a cooperative service capable of integrating diverse online agricultural information relevant to the dairy industry in China.