Spectrum spatial structure characteristic analysis of remote sensing alteration information and interference factors

Based on the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data, the spatial geometric structure characteristics of spectral data and distribution of background, interference and alteration information in characteristic space were researched through the analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scatter diagrams. The results indicate that the hyper-space of remote sensing multi-data aggregation belongs to low-dimensional geometric structure, i.e. hyperplane form, and anomalous point groups including alteration information usually dissociate out of hyperplane. Scatter diagrams of remote sensing data band are mainly presented as two distribution forms of single-ellipse and dual-ellipse. Clarifying the relations of three objects of background, disturbance and alteration information in remote sensing images provides an important technical thought and guidance for accurately detecting and extracting remote sensing alteration information.

THE CLIMATIC STUDY OF CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN BY INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION AND GEO-CODED IMAGES

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Changbai Mountain is situated between E127°54′-128°08′, N40°58′-42°06′ about 2700 meters above sea level. It is the typical area of the mountainous climate in the monsoon area of the temperate zone on the globe. The well reserved primeval vertical distribution of natural landscape belts and the Natural Conservation of Changbai Mountains adopted by the UNESCO′s MAB Program cause the worldwide attention of geographers. Beside the complexity of the climatic structure itself, the mechanical effection of the high mountain body also effect the climate in the eastern part of China. In the mountain area where short of meteorological observation data, the climatic study by remote sensing is favorable for discovery and representation of climatic law in large area.

A STUDY OF SOIL CONSERVATION MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR A CATCHMENT ON THE LOESS PLATEAU

The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq. km.) on the Loess Plateau. It sums up Remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Expert System (ES) and consists of a integrated system. As a basic level information system of Loess Plateau, its perfection and psreading will bring about a great advance in resources exploitation and management of Loess Plateau.

Agricultural remote sensing big data:Management and applications

Big data with its vast volume and complexity is increasingly concerned, developed and used for all professions and trades. Remote sensing, as one of the sources for big data, is generating earth-observation data and analysis results daily from the platforms of satellites, manned/unmanned aircrafts, and ground-based structures. Agricultural remote sensing is one of the backbone technologies for precision agriculture, which considers within-field variability for site-specific management instead of uniform management as in traditional agriculture. The key of agricultural remote sensing is, with global positioning data and geographic information, to produce spatially-varied data for subsequent precision agricultural operations. Agricultural remote sensing data, as general remote sensing data, have all characteristics of big data. The acquisition, processing, storage, analysis and visualization of agricultural remote sensing big data are critical to the success of precision agriculture. This paper overviews available remote sensing data resources, recent development of technologies for remote sensing big data management, and remote sensing data processing and management for precision agriculture. A five-layer-fifteen- level （FLFL） satellite remote sensing data management structure is described and adapted to create a more appropriate four-layer-twelve-level （FLTL） remote sensing data management structure for management and applications of agricultural remote sensing big data for precision agriculture where the sensors are typically on high-resolution satellites, manned aircrafts, unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based structures. The FLTL structure is the management and application framework of agricultural remote sensing big data for precision agriculture and local farm studies, which outlooks the future coordination of remote sensing big data management and applications at local regional and farm scale.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Sprawl and Its Contributions to Climate and Environment of Peshawar Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

This research study predominantly emphases on spatiotemporal extensions of urban area of Peshawar;its adverse impacts and contributions to climate and environment during 1931 to 2011. To probe these interventions, meteorological data, Satellite’s temporal imagery of Landsat ETM+ and TM, anthropogenic and demographic secondary data were congregated. In relation to map out land cover changes, maximum likelihood classification algorithm and followed by change detection techniques were applied to study area. The outcome of this process was further subjected through Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay analysis which suggested a clear straggle in urban area. Auxiliary data (Population growth rate, transportation, electricity connections, etc.) also support the fact of urban area extension. This study proposes that severs contributions of massive heat energy and CO2 have been added to local climate and environment ensuing substantial increment in temperature drawn out from the trends. Consequently, Remote Sensing, GIS and allied data were found to be effective to gauge such variations. To eliminate anomalies in sprawl and environment, few suggestions and recommendation are made in latter part of this study.

STUDY ON FOREST FIRE DANGER MODEL WITH REMOTE SENSING BASED ON GIS

Forest fire is one of the main natural hazards because of its fierce destructiveness. Various researches on fire real time monitoring, behavior simulation and loss assessment have been carried out in many countries. As fire prevention is probably the most efficient means for protecting forests, suitable methods should be developed for estimating the fire danger. Fire danger is composed of ecological, human and climatic factors. Therefore, the systematic analysis of the factors including forest characteristics, meteorological status, topographic condition causing forest fire is made in this paper at first. The relationships between biophysical factors and fire danger are paid more attention to. Then the parameters derived from remote sensing data are used to estimate the fire danger variables, According to the analysis, not only PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index) can classify different vegetation but also crown density is captured with PVI. Vegetation moisture content has high correlation with the ratio of actual evapotranspiration (LE) to potential ecapotranspiration (LEp). SI (Structural Index), which is the combination of TM band 4 and 5 data, is a good indicator of forest age. Finally, a fire danger prediction model, in which relative importance of each fire factor is taken into account, is built based on GIS.

Some essential questions in remote sensing science and technology

In this paper,I propose a personal view on the general contents of remote sensing science and technology,which includes sensor research and manufacturing,remotely sensed data acquisition,data processing,information extraction and remote sensing applications.Serving as the basis for all these components is radiative transfer process modeling and inversion.Also of importance is the effective visualization of remotely sensed data and their efficient distribution to end users.In all these areas,there are critical research questions.In particular,I consider 4 fundamental areas for improved application of remote sensing.These include the scale and angular issues in remote sensing,removal of topographic effects on the radiance and geometry of remotely sensed imagery and the related question of multisource and multitemporal data registration,integrating knowledge and remotely sensed data into effective information extraction,and four dimensional data assimilation techniques.Strategies of information extraction can be broadly divided into manual visual analysis and computer-based analysis.The computer based information analysis include radiative transfer model inversion,image classification,regression analysis,three dimensional information extraction,shape analysis and change detection.Successful information extraction is the key to the success of remote sensing.There are many important issues that need to be solved including how to make better use of the spatial and temporal data present in remotely sensed data in information extraction.How to effectively combine the strength of both computer analysis and human interpretation? Finally,4D data assimilation is the new direction that allows for the integration of instantaneous observation with process-based climate,hydrological and ecological models.Further work along this direction will enhance the contribution of remote sensing in global change studies.In return,the quality of remotely sensed parameters can be improved.

遥感技术新进展赋能水利行业应用

随着遥感技术的不断发展和水利信息化进程的加快,水利遥感有了飞速的发展,与水利现代化发展同步。目前,遥感技术在水利行业的应用范围非常广,在为水利高质量发展提供有力支撑和强力驱动的数字孪生水利建设中发挥了重要的作用。近十多年来,快速发展的遥感技术为提升水利遥感应用能力提供了强有力的支撑,具体表现在数据源的丰富化和多源化、数据获取的速度和效率显著提升、定量估算与反演精度大大提高、专题信息可获得性不断增加、数据处理和信息提取的智能化水平取得长足进步。介绍了遥感技术发展赋能水利遥感应用领域的现状和前景展望,为遥感技术赋能水利新质生产力提供参考。

基于无人机遥感技术的土地利用面积精准测量研究

目的为了提升土地利用面积测量精度,提出基于无人机遥感技术的土地利用面积精准测量方法。方法预处理无人机遥感影像,计算影响匹配色差的调整参数,并通过样本集标准误差计算残余误差,筛查获取奇点数据。在此基础上,建立矢量图层,解译遥感信息并判定地类特征,获取不同地物类别属性信息,根据地物类别属性信息设计平面土地与曲面土地面积精准测量方法,实现土地利用面积精准测量。结果实验结果表明,当拍摄高度不超过200 m时,无人机遥感技术测量精度均高于96%。结论这种方法能够提升土地利用面积测量精度,实际应用效果好。

EOS Data Dumper——EOS免费数据自动下载与重发布系统

为了更有效的利用已有数据资源,不造成科研设施的重复投资,数据共享越来越受到重视.NASA对地观测系统(EOS)提供了大量的包括MODIS在内的免费数据资源,为此,EOS Data Dumper(EDD)通过程序模拟EOS数据门户的正常下载流程,采用了先进的Web页面文本信息捕捉技术,实现定时自动下载研究区的全部EOS免费数据,并通过免费的DIAL系统,向互联网重新发布,实现复杂的基于时空的数据查询.从技术角度详细介绍了EDD的项目背景与意义、实现方案。

EASE-Grid投影风云卫星产品地理信息写入方法

风云卫星遥感数据服务网的卫星遥感产品数据集中,风云三系列气象卫星遥感产品数据集中很多采用的是等面积可伸缩地球网格(EASE-Grid)投影方式进行处理,实际应用中对使用者具有较高的数据处理能力要求,不利于遥感产品数据集的省级应用。基于数据集使用中的这些问题,该文以FY3D雪水当量数据集产品为例,采用程序化方法对EASE-Grid投影产品数据集的地理信息进行写入,通过构建地理坐标系参考对象和地理信息目录,将数据矩阵中写入地理信息并以GeoTiff格式文件输出。结果表明,经过该方法处理过的产品数据可与矢量文件实现准确的经纬度信息的匹配,降低了数据分析处理的难度。该方法具有较好的适用性,对于EASE-Grid的三种不同的投影方式均适用,可在一定程度上提高卫星遥感产品数据集的省级科研与应用水平。

多源遥感空间叠合技术的成矿信息探测研究

矿产资源是人类社会发展和经济增长的重要基础,其开采和利用可以带来巨大的经济效益。随着遥感技术的快速发展,多源遥感空间叠合技术在成矿信息探测研究领域显示出巨大的潜力和优势。多源遥感数据,如光学遥感、热红外遥感及合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据因各自独特的光谱、空间和时间分辨率特性,提供了地表和地下不同方面的信息。通过空间叠合技术将来自不同遥感平台的数据集成到一个统一的空间参考框架中对成矿环境进行定性分析和定量分析,可以充分发挥遥感数据的优势,获得更全面、准确的地质信息,帮助确定潜在的矿产资源分布区域,实现资源的高效开采和利用,减少无效的勘探和开采活动对环境造成的破坏。本文重点介绍了多源遥感数据在成矿信息探测中的数据优势和应用方向,结合空间叠合技术的使用,探讨了多源遥感空间叠合技术在成矿探测中的优势、面临的挑战及发展趋势。随着遥感技术的不断进步和数据处理能力的提高,推动了该技术在矿产资源勘查领域的应用。不仅在提高矿产资源勘查效率和精度方面有着重要价值,更为后续广域大尺度的矿产资源的可持续开发提供了新的视角和方法。

多特征参数支持的红树林遥感信息提取——以广东省为例

准确的红树林分布信息对红树林保护和管理具有重要意义。尽管已有不少红树林遥感制图研究,但如何有效利用多源遥感特征来提高红树林制图精度仍有待探索。首先,利用多源遥感数据提取光谱、散射、纹理和地形等时序特征来设计15种特征组合;然后,利用随机森林模型分析不同特征组合在红树林识别中的精度,从而获得最优特征组合;最后,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台获取2021年广东省10 m空间分辨率的红树林分布。结果显示,冬季光谱特征的重要性最高,特征类型越丰富对应制图精度越高,最优特征组合的总体精度为92.25%,Kappa系数为0.91。通过探究红树林识别中的最优特征组合,在多特征参数支持下实现广东省红树林信息提取,研究成果可为大范围红树林精准制图提供科学参考。

基于ENVI和GIS的矿物精细化提取与分析

为充分发挥ENVI和GIS等遥感软件在高光谱矿物精细化提取与分析中的作用,以云南个旧老厂矿区及外围为研究区,采用国产GF-5遥感数据,基于ENVI平台采用光谱角匹配法和波谱特征拟合法对研究区的蚀变矿物信息进行精细化提取,基于统计分析软件和GIS平台,对提取的研究区蚀变矿物信息进行数理统计、相关性和地物化遥等综合分析。研究显示,基于国产GF-5数据提取的研究区蚀变异常信息与该区地质和物化探信息吻合较好。研究表明,利用国产GF-5数据,基于ENVI和GIS等软件平台可对研究区蚀变矿物进行精细化提取与分析,为该区传统地质找矿工作提供参考。

基于高分遥感图像处理技术的公路勘查方法研究

针对公路高分遥感勘测技术中,遥感图像易受天气干扰、数据分析精确度低等问题,研究了基于高分遥感图像处理技术的公路勘查方法。设计了双行信息采样电路以及采样信息保持电路,实现了公路勘查过程中的高清图像信息采集,由此避免因自身电源频率、外部磁场等因素的干扰而产生图像噪点,保证采集图像信息的准确性。此外,采用一种暗通道先验模型去云雾技术,能够有效排除云雾天气对遥感图像采集的干扰。通过基于Storm的大数据算法,提高系统的整体数据分析及传输能力。试验结果表明,该方法不仅增强了去云雾能力,还可以还原正常图像85%左右的图像特征点。该方法具有很强的数据处理、抗干扰以及数据传输能力。

河北省历史影像电子地图展示系统设计与实现

针对社会公众日益增长的对历史遥感影像需求和日益严重的地理信息数据孤岛现象,整合了2016-2020年河北省全省历史遥感影像数据,通过栅格重采样、影像裁剪、影像镶嵌、栅格投影、影像匀色等步骤对影像进行了标准化处理,制作了5年的影像电子地图瓦片数据,并基于B/S模式,开发了河北省历史影像电子地图展示系统,实现了对河北省历史遥感影像的在线浏览、查询与导航、在线标注、分屏对比、图层控制、地图服务发布与管理、以及对试点区域的城市扩张分析和变化检测等功能,为全省历史追溯与时空演变分析等提供了服务。

面向省级高分中心遥感影像大数据综合服务平台的设计与实现

为了加快推进高分产业化应用,满足省级高分中心多源海量遥感数据接收、存储、管理、处理、解译和分发等全业务流程一体化与自动化业务需求,本文基于私有云平台及微服务等技术框架,设计并实现了面向省级高分中心一站式接收、一体化标准处理、批量生产、快速分发和多维度展示等全流程遥感影像大数据综合服务平台,提高了省级高分中心日常业务的工作效率,有助于省级大区域至县域高分的推广应用。

测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中的运用分析

在市场经济发展中,城市化速度不断加快,对各类土地资源使用率随之提升,在这种情况下,相关部门需要通过开展国土测绘来掌握土地资源使用情况,并以此制定科学合理的土地资源开发利用策略。本文通过对测绘工作的内容概述,明确了测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中应用的价值,剖析了测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中的具体应用,以供参考。

基于小波变换的机载雷达测绘遥感影像信息数据融合方法

在融合机载雷达测绘遥感影像信息数据的过程中,由于原始机载雷达测绘遥感影像反馈信号在频域分布上具有多元化的属性,导致融合后影像的质量相对较低。为此,文章提出基于小波变换的机载雷达测绘遥感影像信息数据融合方法。该方法通过在小波变换设置了以频率为基准的窗口函数,并结合遥感影像反馈信号所处频域与频率函数状态之间的关系,建立了待分析遥感影像信号与频率窗内的高频频域分布参数之间的乘积关系,从而得到所需的信号频谱特性,在进行机载雷达测绘遥感影像信息数据融合阶段,结合遥感影像反馈信号与有限区域范围之间的关系,对其进行适应性融合。测试结果表明,融合后影像在完整度、清晰度以及综合质量方面均处于较高水平。