The Caching and Pricing Strategy for Information-Centric Networking with Advertisers’Participation

As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Information-Centric Networking(ICN)came into being.From a technical point of view,ICN is a promising future network architecture.Researching and customizing a reasonable pricing mechanism plays a positive role in promoting the deployment of ICN.The current research on ICN pricing mechanism is focused on paid content.Therefore,we study an ICN pricing model for free content,which uses game theory based on Nash equilibrium to analysis.In this work,advertisers are considered,and an advertiser model is established to describe the economic interaction between advertisers and ICN entities.This solution can formulate the best pricing strategy for all ICN entities and maximize the benefits of each entity.Our extensive analysis and numerical results show that the proposed pricing framework is significantly better than existing solutions when it comes to free content.

Information Centric Networking Based Cooperative Caching Framework for 5G Communication Systems

The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content.In light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication,the information-centric network(ICN)paradigm offers hope for a solution by emphasizing content retrieval by name instead of location.If 5G networks are to meet the expected data demand surge from expanded connectivity and Internet of Things(IoT)devices,then effective caching solutions will be required tomaximize network throughput andminimize the use of resources.Hence,an ICN-based Cooperative Caching(ICN-CoC)technique has been used to select a cache by considering cache position,content attractiveness,and rate prediction.The findings show that utilizing our suggested approach improves caching regarding the Cache Hit Ratio(CHR)of 84.3%,Average Hop Minimization Ratio(AHMR)of 89.5%,and Mean Access Latency(MAL)of 0.4 s.Within a framework,it suggests improved caching strategies to handle the difficulty of effectively controlling data consumption in 5G networks.These improvements aim to make the network run more smoothly by enhancing content delivery,decreasing latency,and relieving congestion.By improving 5G communication systems’capacity tomanage the demands faced by modern data-centric applications,the research ultimately aids in advancement.

A Survey on Information-Centric Networking: Rationales, Designs and Debates

The basic function of the Internet is to delivery data(what) to serve the needs of all applications. IP names the attachment points(where) to facilitate ubiquitous interconnectivity as the current way to deliver data. The fundamental mismatch between data delivery and naming attachment points leads to a lot of challenges, e.g., mapping from data name to IP address, handling dynamics of underlying topology, scaling up the data distribution, and securing communication, etc. Informationcentric networking(ICN) is proposed to shift the focus of communication paradigm from where to what, by making the named data the first-class citizen in the network, The basic consensus of ICN is to name the data independent from its container(space dimension) and session(time dimension), which breaks the limitation of point-to-point IP semantic. It scales up data distribution by utilizing available resources, and facilitates communication to fit diverse connectivity and heterogeneous networks. However, there are only a few consensuses on the detailed design of ICN, and quite a few different ICN architectures are proposed. This paper reveals the rationales of ICN from the perspective of the Internet evolution, surveys different design choices, and discusses on two debatable topics in ICN, i.e.,self-certifying versus hierarchical names, and edge versus pervasive caching. We hope this survey helps clarify some mis-understandings on ICN and achieve more consensuses.

What to Cache：Differentiated Caching Resource Allocation and Management in Information-Centric Networking

Information-centric networking(ICN) aims to improve the efficiency of content delivery and reduce the redundancy of data transmission by caching contents in network nodes. An important issue is to design caching methods with better cache hit rate and achieve allocating on-demand. Therefore, an in-network caching scheduling scheme for ICN was designed, distinguishing different kinds of contents and dynamically allocating the cache size on-demand. First discussing what was appropriated to be cached in nodes, and then a classification about the contents could be cached was proposed. Furthermore, we used AHP to weight different contents classes through analyzing users' behavior. And a distributed control process was built, to achieve differentiated caching resource allocation and management. The designed scheme not only avoids the waste of caching resource, but also further enhances the cache availability. Finally, the simulation results are illustrated to show that our method has the superior performance in the aspects of server hit rate and convergence.

A comparative study of name resolution and routing mechanisms in 网 information-centric networks

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is an innovative paradigm for the future internet architecture, which addresses IP network limitations in supporting content distribution and information access by decoupling content from hosts and providing the ability to retrieve a content object by its name (identifier), rather than its storage location (IP address). Name resolution and routing is critical for content retrieval in ICN networks. In this research, we perform a comparative study of two widely used classes of ICN name resolution and routing schemes, namely flooding and Distributed Hash Table (DHT). We consider the flooding-based routing in Content-Centric Networks due to its wide acceptance. For the DHT scheme, we design a multi-level DHT that takes into account the underlying network topology and uses name aggregation to further reduce control overhead and improve network efficiency. Then, we compare the characteristics and performance of these two classes of name resolution and routing through extensive simulations. The evaluation results show that the performances of these two approaches are reliant on several factors, including network size, content location dynamics, and content popularity. Our study reveals insights into the design tradeoffs and offers guidelines for design strategies.

基于聚类的ICN缓存空间规划方法

为合理分配信息中心网络(ICN)中每个节点的缓存空间,提出一种基于聚类的ICN缓存空间规划方法。根据节点属性数据集对ICN节点聚类后,以得到的聚类中心属性数据集为每一类分配缓存空间,后根据欧氏距离评估聚类效果为类内每个节点分配缓存空间,来提高缓存系统性能。在实际应用中,也可以为互联网服务提供商(ISP)提供一定的指导意义。仿真结果表明,该方法与均分分配部署方法、基于度数部署方法、基于介数部署方法相比,缓存命中率有明显提高,响应时延明显降低。

一种基于ICN的网内协同存储机制

随着科学大数据的快速发展,海量科学数据对存储系统的高速持久化存储读写速率提出了新的挑战。信息中心网络(Information-Centric Networking,ICN)因其网内节点的存储能力,可支持数据的高速持久化存储。但现有的网内存储方法并没有联合考虑传输链路状态和节点负载,无法解决高通量应用场景下的存储IO峰值过载问题。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种基于ICN的协同存储机制,通过该机制中的节点选择和流量分割方法,充分利用转发路径上的多个存储节点分担存储任务。实验结果表明,相比较ECMP等流量分割机制,该方法能够更有效地提高系统整体的写入性能,实现存储负载均衡。

Exploring Content Popularity in Information-Centric Networks

Information-Centric Networking(ICN), an alternative architecture to the current Internet infrastructure, focuses on the distribution and retrieval of content by employing caches in a network to reduce network traffic. The employment of caches may be accomplished using graph-based and content-based criteria such as the position of a node in a network and content popularity. The contribution of this paper lies on the characterization of content popularity for on-path in-network caching. To this end, four dynamic approaches for identifying content popularity are evaluated via simulations. Content popularity may be determined per chunk or per object, calculated by the number of requests for a content against the sum of requests or the maximum number of requests. Based on the results, chunk-based approaches provide 23% more accurate content popularity calculations than object-based approaches. In addition, approaches that are based on the comparison of a content against the maximum number of requests have been shown to be more accurate than the alternatives.

Distributed Application Addressing in 6G Network

To ensure the extreme performances of the new 6G services,applications will be deployed at deep edge,resulting in a serious challenge of distributed application addressing.This paper traces back the latest development of mobile network application addressing,analyzes two novel addressing methods in carrier network,and puts forward a 6G endogenous application addressing scheme by integrating some of their essence into the 6G network architecture,combining the new 6G capabilities of computing&network convergence,endogenous intelligence,and communication-sensing integration.This paper further illustrates how that the proposed method works in 6G networks and gives preliminary experimental verification.

An SDN-Based Algorithm for Caching,Routing,and Load Balancing in ICN

One of the challenges of Informationcentric Networking(ICN)is finding the optimal location for caching content and processing users’requests.In this paper,we address this challenge by leveraging Software-defined Networking(SDN)for efficient ICN management.To achieve this,we formulate the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model,incorporating caching,routing,and load balancing decisions.We explore two distinct scenarios to tackle the problem.Firstly,we solve the problem in an offline mode using the GAMS environment,assuming a stable network state to demonstrate the superior performance of the cacheenabled network compared to non-cache networks.Subsequently,we investigate the problem in an online mode where the network state dynamically changes over time.Given the computational complexity associated with MINLP,we propose the software-defined caching,routing,and load balancing(SDCRL)algorithm as an efficient and scalable solution.Our evaluation demonstrates that the SDCRL algorithm significantly reduces computational time while maintaining results that closely resemble those achieved by GAMS.

HHR:Hierarchical Hybrid Routing Scheme for Information-Centric Network

Publish/subscribe(pub/sub) paradigm is the main communication model for Information-Centric Network(ICN) proposals.A key issue for pub/sub system is how to route the content objects to the correct subscribers,and ICN is no exception.ICN network would be divided into core domain and many edge domains as today's internet does.HHR(Hierarchy Hybrid Routing scheme) is presented for ICN:A Chord-like routing scheme is used in core domain,while edge domains routing structure can be classified into three categories,Local Routing(LR),Delivery of Local Publication to Core domain(DLPC),and Remote Publication Routing into edge domain(RPR).LR can be decided by each edge domain,which determined by many factors,such as locality characteristic for pub/sub information and local policies.A hierarchical routing algorithm is proposed to solve DLPC and RPR simultaneously.Simulation results demonstrate that HHR can be fast deployed,and can be applied in large scale network or dynamic subscription environment.

CMLP: Exploiting Caches at Multiple Levels of Proxies to Enhance Seamless Mobility Support in Information-Centric Networks

The recent evolution of the Internet towards "Information-centric" transfer modes has renewed the interest in exploiting proxies to enhance seamless mobility. In this work, we focus on the case of multiple levels of proxies in ICN architectures, in which content requests from mobile subscribers and the corresponding items are proactively cached to these proxies at different levels. Specifically, we present a multiple-level proactive caching model that selects the appropriate subset of proxies at different levels and supports distributed online decision procedures in terms of the tradeoff between delay and cache cost. We show via extensive simulations the reduction of up to 31.63% in the total cost relative to Full Caching, in which caching in all 1-level neighbor proxies is performed, and up to 84.21% relative to No Caching, in which no caching is used. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms other approaches with a flat cache structure in terms of the total cost.

Neighborhood-Based In-Network Caching for Information-Centric Networks

The current Internet is based on host-centric networking, and a user needs to know the host address before reaching a data target in the network. The new architecture of information-centric networking (ICN) facilitates users to locate data targets by giving their data names without any information about host addresses. In-network caching is one of the prominent features in ICN, which allows network routers to cache data contents. In this paper, we emphasize the management of in-network cache storage, and this includes the mechanisms of cache replacement and cache replication. A new cost function is then proposed to evaluate each cache content and the least valuable content is evicted when cache is full. To increase cache utilization, a cooperative caching policy among neighboring routers is proposed. The proper network locations to cache data contents are also discussed in the paper. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed caching policy than some traditional caching polices.

Optimal replication strategy for mitigating burst traffic in information-centric satellite networks: a focus on remote sensing image transmission

Information-centric satellite networks play a crucial role in remote sensing applications,particularly in the transmission of remote sensing images.However,the occurrence of burst traffic poses significant challenges in meeting the increased bandwidth demands.Traditional content delivery networks are ill-equipped to handle such bursts due to their pre-deployed content.In this paper,we propose an optimal replication strategy for mitigating burst traffic in information-centric satellite networks,specifically focusing on the transmission of remote sensing images.Our strategy involves selecting the most optimal replication delivery satellite node when multiple users subscribe to the same remote sensing content within a short time,effectively reducing network transmission data and preventing throughput degradation caused by burst traffic expansion.We formulate the content delivery process as a multi-objective optimization problem and apply Markov decision processes to determine the optimal value for burst traffic reduction.To address these challenges,we leverage federated reinforcement learning techniques.Additionally,we use bloom filters with subdivision and data identification methods to enable rapid retrieval and encoding of remote sensing images.Through software-based simulations using a low Earth orbit satellite constellation,we validate the effectiveness of our proposed strategy,achieving a significant 17%reduction in the average delivery delay.This paper offers valuable insights into efficient content delivery in satellite networks,specifically targeting the transmission of remote sensing images,and presents a promising approach to mitigate burst traffic challenges in information-centric environments.

A Survey of Applications Research on Content-Centric Networking

As a named data-based clean-slate future Internet architecture,Content-Centric Networking(CCN)uses entirely different protocols and communication patterns from the host-to-host IP network.In CCN,communication is wholly driven by the data consumer.Consumers must send Interest packets with the content name and not by the host’s network address.Its nature of in-network caching,Interest packets aggregation and hop-byhop communication poses unique challenges to provision of Internet applications,where traditional IP network no long works well.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art application research activities related to CCN architecture.Our main aims in this survey are(a)to identify the advantages and drawbacks of CCN architectures for application provisioning;(b)to discuss the challenges and opportunities regarding service provisioning in CCN architectures;and(c)to further encourage deeper thinking about design principles for future Internet architectures from the perspective of upper-layer applications.

Exploring Hits-Based Content Provisioning Mechanism in Content-Centric Networking

In-network caching and Interest packets aggregation are two important features of Content-Centric Networking(CCN).CCN routers can directly respond to the Interest request by Content Store(CS)and aggregate the same Interest packets by Pending Interest Table(PIT).In this way,most popular content requests will not reach the origin content server.Thus,content providers will be unaware of the actual usages of their contents in network.This new network paradigm presents content providers with unprecedented challenge.It will bring a great impact on existing mature business model of content providers,such as advertising revenue model based on hits amount.To leverage the advantages of CCN and the realistic business needs of content providers,we explore the hits-based content provisioning mechanism in CCN.The proposed approaches can avoid the unprecedented impact on content providers' existing business model and promote content providers to embrace the real deployment of CCN network.

A Lightweight Anonymous Device Authentication Scheme for Information-Centric Distribution Feeder Microgrid

Distribution feeder microgrid(DFM)built based on existing distributed feeder(DF),is a promising solution for modern microgrid.DFM contains a large number of heterogeneous devices that generate heavy network traffice and require a low data delivery latency.The information-centric networking(ICN)paradigm has shown a great potential to address the communication requirements of smart grid.However,the integration of advanced information and communication technologies with DFM make it vulnerable to cyber attacks.Adequate authentication of grid devices is essential for preventing unauthorized accesses to the grid network and defending against cyber attacks.In this paper,we propose a new lightweight anonymous device authentication scheme for DFM supported by named data networking(NDN),a representative implementation of ICN.We perform a security analysis to show that the proposed scheme can provide security features such as mutual authentication,session key agreement,defending against various cyber attacks,anonymity,and resilience against device capture attack.The security of the proposed scheme is also formally verified using the popular AVISPA(Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications)tool.The computational and communication costs of the proposed scheme are evaluated.Our results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves significantly lower computational,communication and energy costs than other state-of-the-art schemes.

Integrated Architecture for Networking and Industrial Internet Identity

Several excellent works have been done on the industrial Internet;however,some problems are still ahead,such as reliable security,heterogeneous compatibility,and system efficiency.Information-Centric Networking(ICN),an emerging paradigm for the future Internet,is expected to address the challenges of the industrial Internet to some extent.An integrated architecture for industrial network and identity resolution in the industrial Internet is proposed in this paper.A framework is also designed for the ICN-based industrial Network And Named Data Networking(NDN)based factory extranet with Software-Defined Networking(SDN).Moreover,an identity resolution architecture in the industrial Internet is proposed based on ICN paradigms with separate resolution nodes or with merging resolution and routing.

基于ICN的IPTV传输和监测技术分析

为了保证交互式网络电视(Internet Protocol Television,IPTV)业务传输及相关网络功能的正常实现和稳定可靠运行,需要对网络运行状况进行监测.基于此,采用理论分析的方式,首先介绍了IP承载网及相关通信协议,其次针对IPTV业务传输过程中出现的各种问题提出解决方案,最后针对相应方案提出了完善策略.

发展“四全媒体”助力北京“四个中心”建设:问题与关键技术

新型媒体建设应该成为北京“四个中心”城市战略定位的重要助力。本文首先分析了“四个中心”建设对媒体的要求和发展“四全媒体”目前存在的技术和机制问题,然后通过示例探讨了发展“四全媒体”的技术可行性。实验结果表明“全程媒体”可以基于ICN网络的技术架构,基于写作风格的虚假信息识别技术和多语言新闻监测可以作为实现“全息媒体”的重要手段,“全效媒体”的媒体资产共享问题的解决可以基于区块链技术,分析表明分形理论、博弈论可能会成为“全员媒体”组织方式和机制制定的理论基础,最后提出了北京应自觉发展“四全媒体”的建议。