Information： From Philosophic to Physics Concepts for Informational Modeling of Consciousness

Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.

Evolution and Development of the Information Concept in Biological Systems: From Empirical Description to Informational Modeling of the Living Structures

With the purpose to smooth the way of a correct understanding of information concepts and their evolution,in this paper,is discussed the evolution and development of the concept of information in biological systems,showing that this concept was intuitively perceived even since ancient times by our predecessors,and described according to their language level of that times,but the crystallization of the real meaning of information is an achievement of our nowadays,by successive contribution of various scientific branches and personalities of the scientific community of the world,leading to a modern description/modeling of reality,in which information plays a fundamental role.It is shown that our reality can be understood as a contribution of matter/energy/information and represented/discussed as the model of the Universal Triangle of Reality(UTR),where various previous models can be suggestively inserted,as a function of their basic concern.The modern concepts on information starting from a theoretic experiment which would infringe the thermodynamics laws and reaching the theory of information and modern philosophic concepts on the world structuration allow us to show that information is a fundamental component of the material world and of the biological structures,in correlation with the structuration/destructuration processes of matter,involving absorption/release of information.Based on these concepts,is discussed the functionality of the biologic structures and is presented the informational model of the human body and living structures,as a general model of info-organization on the entire biological scale,showing that a rudimentary proto-consciousness should be operative even at the low-scale biological systems,because they work on the same principles,like the most developed bio-systems.The operability of biologic structures as informational devices is also pointed out.

Informational digital diagrams applied to predict spring wind,snow,and sandstorms

Using informational digital diagrams, we analyzed the snow event that occurred on Feb 26, 2006 and the sandstorm on Apr 11, 2006 in Xi＇an. Results indicate that, under similar weather circumstances, different events evidently exhibit unique vertical structure features. Informational digital diagrams provide a method for transitional weather prediction, a problem for present extrapolative analysis system.

Informational Structure of the Living Systems: From Philosophy to Informational Modeling

In this paper,there are discussed the informational functions of the living structures,analyzing the properties of the simplest eukaryotic cell as an example of a structural unit of the living unicellular and multicellular systems.The initiation of this analysis starts from an older example of an imaginary mechanism,particularly that described by the Maxwell’s demon experiment,which along the history of the information development concepts accompanied the philosophic vision on the structuration of matter and of the living entities,showing that these are actually the result of the intervention of information on the matter available substrate.Particularly,it is shown that the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)structure is appropriate to store a large quantity of structural information,allowing the transfer of this information by transcription and translation mechanisms to proteins,which act as(re)structuration/transmission informational agents,or the generation of a new cellular daughter structure by a replication process.On the basis of the theory of information in communication channels,applicable also in biological systems,it was discussed the followed line for the evaluation of the quantity of structural information in various cells,demonstrating the evolution of organism complexity by the increase of the structural information quantity from unicellular(bacterium)to human cell.Applying a natural strategy of entropy lowering mainly by heat elimination,folding protein structuration and compartmentalization on the evolutionary scale,the living structures act as dynamic entities assuring their self-organizational structure by a permanent change of matter,energy and information with the environment in an efficient way,following a negative entropic process by internal structuration,similarly with Maxwell’s demon work.It is shown that to assure such a communication with external and internal intracellular structure,it was necessary the development of an own info-operational system of communication and decision,in which the operational“Yes/No”decisional binary(Bit)unit is essential.These revolutionary results show that the cell unit complies with the similar informational functions like the multicellular structure of the human body,organized in seven-type informational components,allowing the informational modeling of the activity of the living biologic structures and the opening of a shortcutting way to mimic the biologic functions in artificial cells.

Informational Model of Consciousness: From Philosophic Concepts to an Information Science of Consciousness

On the long and well-worn road of many, but justifiable attempts of human to discover his origin, his trajectory as a species, and a suitable understanding consciousness, his system allowing the connection to the environment and to his own organism, the concepts and models of philosophy enunciated or experienced by millennia, meet today with modern science concepts of physics and of science of information. Based on recent discoveries of quantum physics and astrophysics, revealing a new understanding of our environment and starting from some philosophical concepts on information of matter and of living structures, this work discusses the dynamics of information within the frame of the Informational Model of Consciousness as an informational system of the human body, connected both to the environment and to the body itself, to control the adaptation for survival. It is shown that consciousness is actually an informational projection in the mind of seven informational subsystems, three of which forming the operative system of consciousness for the short-term adaptation, and other three forming the programmed operating system, dedicated to the maintenance of body and to the long-term survival of species, showing various inputs and outputs of information. The seventh subsystem is the information pole, connecting the organism with the external information, especially related to the extra-sensorial properties of the mind, the human body appearing as a bipolar info-matter structure, managed by the brain. The received information is progressively integrated into the informational system of the organism, which absorbs and emanates information as a reactive system for adaptation, able to operate both with matter-related (codified) and non-matter related (virtual) information. As both connections with external and internal environment (body itself) can be described in terms of information, this model opens the gate to investigate consciousness by means of the tools of the information science, offering also answers to the philosophic “mind-body” problem and to the “hard” problem and showing correspondences with some ancient philosophies.

Quantum watermarking based on threshold segmentation using quantum informational entropy

We propose a new quantum watermarking scheme based on threshold selection using informational entropy of quantum image.The core idea of this scheme is to embed information into object and background of cover image in different ways.First,a threshold method adopting the quantum informational entropy is employed to determine a threshold value.The threshold value can then be further used for segmenting the cover image to a binary image,which is an authentication key for embedding and extraction information.By a careful analysis of the quantum circuits of the scheme,that is,translating into the basic gate sequences which show the low complexity of the scheme.One of the simulation-based experimental results is entropy difference which measures the similarity of two images by calculating the difference in quantum image informational entropy between watermarked image and cover image.Furthermore,the analyses of peak signal-to-noise ratio,histogram and capacity of the scheme are also provided.

Informational Entropy as a Source of Life’s Origin

While the second law of thermodynamics suggests that our universe is driven by the tendency towards disorder, living organisms seem to exempt themselves by creating physiologic complexity. Since genetic material is life’s blueprint, better understanding of the origins of life is predicated on deciphering the conditions that allowed the formation of this complex molecule with its unique properties. In this article, we propose and examine the hypothesis that informational entropy models would allow for the formation of complex organic molecules with genetic properties, without the disruption of the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, we demonstrate that formation of life’s blueprint may have initially been derived by informational entropy by means of decomplexification of the materials with higher informational entropy content, leading to the formation of primitive genetic molecules.

Informational Needs in Women Undergoing Multifraction High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Qualitative Study

Objective: To identify the informational needs of Moroccan women receiving intracavitary brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer as part of a process to develop guidelines for quality patient-centered care. Methodology: A prospective, qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out at the Brachytherapy unit of the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, Morocco. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 31 patients undergoing high dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer from July 2020 to August 2020. Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews were conducted by a female radiation oncologist in Arabic, guided by a theme list. The interviews were translated and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: Data saturation was achieved having interviewing 31 participants, aged 27 - 70 years. Findings on patients’ informational needs were the overarching theme and form the focus of this article. The informational needs included: providing patients with disease- and treatment-related information in their home language;adequate information concerning pre-treatment preparation, possible side-effects, and sexual intercourse;and providing patients with informative material adapted to their needs as standard procedure. Conclusion: This study has identified unmet women’s informational needs during brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Providing patients with sufficient and understandable information, adequate preparation before the procedure, more sensitive support during the procedure, and debriefing afterward could lessen feelings of fear and anxiety towards treatment delivery. Guidelines with a patient-centered approach could thus be developed to be used as a tool to assist members of multidisciplinary teams in providing quality care to this group of women.

Informational Noise＇s Entropy

Assessment of quantity of information that is present in own noises of EE （electronic elements）--informational noise＇s entropy--using spectrum distribution of noises＇ probability of real elements is proposed. It is shown that informational noise＇s entropy as opposed to used differential entropy of continuous signals defines the quantity of qualitative information related to the features of element＇s structure. Proposed quantitative assessment of information can be used for calculation of information contained in the own noises of other technical systems.

An Informational Approach to the Sinusoidal Law of Photon Polarization

The photon polarization law po ＝ sin2θ is derived from a simple informational consideration by twomethods: The first is via an intuitive principle of mininum Fisher information, the second is via a symmetry andinvariance argument. The results demonstrate that in photon polarization, Nature has a tendency to hide herselfas deepas possible while obeying some regular conditions.

An Informational Approach to The Sinusoidal Law of Photon Polarization

The photon polarization law p(theta) = sin(2)theta is derived from a simple informational consideration by two methods: The first is via an intuitive principle of minimum Fisher information, the second is via a symmetry and invariance argument. The results demonstrate that in photon polarization, Nature has a tendency to hide herself as deep as possible while obeying some regular conditions.

Sub-Saharan Countries in the Age of Informational Globalization： On Preservation of Cultural Identity

The paper is devoted to the problem of the development of information technologies in Sub-Saharan countries. The author comes to a conclusion that the up-to-date level of the development of information technologies in Sub-Saharan countries doesn＇t give us an opportunity to estimate the close equal integration of the region into the global information and communication space. African countries don＇t have appropriate financial and technological resources which seem to be necessary when creating the well-developed information and telecommunication infrastructure on their territory. The author argues that in order to reach the level of the development of well-developed nations African states are forced to seek the aid of Western countries which use the technological and financial dependence of their African partners as the strong instrument of preservation of their influence in the region. In current circumstances it would be very difficult for Afxican countries to create a self-reliant information society and to preserve their cultural identity in the upcoming information age.

Advancing Scientific Rigor: Towards a Universal Informational Criterion for Assessing Model-Phenomenon Mismatch

The escalating costs of research and development, coupled with the influx of researchers, have led to a surge in published articles across scientific disciplines. However, concerns have arisen regarding the accuracy, validity, and reproducibility of reported findings. Issues such as replication problems, fraudulent practices, and a lack of expertise in measurement theory and uncertainty analysis have raised doubts about the reliability and credibility of scientific research. Rigorous assessment practices in certain fields highlight the importance of identifying potential errors and understanding the relationship between technical parameters and research outcomes. To address these concerns, a universally applicable criterion called comparative certainty is urgently needed. This criterion, grounded in an analysis of the modeling process and information transmission, accumulation, and transformation in both theoretical and applied research, aims to evaluate the acceptable deviation between a model and the observed phenomenon. It provides a theoretically grounded framework applicable to all scientific disciplines adhering to the International System of Units (SI). Objective evaluations based on this criterion can enhance the reproducibility and reliability of scientific investigations, instilling greater confidence in published findings. Establishing this criterion would be a significant stride towards ensuring the robustness and credibility of scientific research across disciplines.

The Informationalized Management of the Frontier Forces

The decision to abandon the previous work mode for the management of frontier forces is because of its features of mission, distribution, geographical environment and social conditions. The exploration of the management model should depend on the actual situation so that it can ensure the stable and harmonious development. And it’s an effective way to enhance military strength through the modernization of the informationalized management. This paper comes up with some feasible advice based on the analysis of the information management of border forces.

Lack of Consensus and Dense Content in Informational Letters on Benign Gynecological Surgery

Objective: This study maps the contents of departmental informational letters and explores whether the national GynOp letters live up to the patients’ expectations and needs. Introduction: Patients who are well informed before undergoing surgery experience reduced stress and increased understanding of the postoperative process. Although providing patients with written information before gynecological surgery is widely used and assumed important, no study has investigated what information patients truly need. Methods: In 2014, all 59 gynecological departments in Sweden were asked to provide the information letter they send to patients before hysterectomy on benign indication. 32 letters were analyzed using frequency analysis. In addition, three focus groups were conducted and these data were submitted to Qualitative Content Analysis. Results: The analysis of the information letters showed great variation and discrepancy in pre-operative information. The analysis of the focus groups resulted in the theme You can’t see the forest for the trees, reflecting that, the women found it very difficult to identify the most important information among the massive amount information received. Conclusions: The informational letters did not meet the patients’ expectations and needs. Practice implications: This study could serve as a foundation for the content of informational letters.

Navigating the ethical terrain:Off-label and experimental treatments in medical case reports

This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.

A computational model for assessment of speech intelligibility in informational masking

The existing auditory computational mod- els for evaluating speech intelligibility can only account for energetic masking, and the effect of informational masking is rarely described in these models. This study was aimed to make a computational model considering the mechanism of informational masking. Several psy- choacoustic experiments were conducted to test the ef- fect of informational masking on speech intelligibility by manipulating the number of masking talker, speech rate, and the similarity of F0 contour between target and masker. The results showed that the speech recep- tion threshold for the target increased as the F0 contours of the masker became more similar to that of the tar- get, suggesting that the difficulty in segregating the tar- get harmonics from the masker harmonics may underlie the informational masking effect. Based on these stud- ies, a new auditory computational model was made by inducing the auditory function of harmonic extraction to the traditional model of speech intelligibility index （SII）, named as harmonic extraction （HF） model. The predictions of the HF model are highly consistent with the experimental results.

高速铁路日常客运量的EMD-Informer组合预测方法

铁路客流需求的科学预测是进行运输组织方案决策的重要依据。以高速铁路历史客票数据为基础,结合经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)与机器深度学习中的注意力机制,提出高速铁路日客流量的EMD-Informer组合预测方法。首先采用EMD方法分解高速铁路客流量序列,获得具有周期特征和线路客流内在特征的模态分量,再利用Informer模型分别训练和预测各模态分解分量,并通过多头注意力机制高效挖掘客流数据内在规律和捕捉数据序列中的关键特征,在此基础上重组各分量预测值,从而得到高速铁路日常客流的整体高精度预测值。同时,根据结合问题特征的大量实验,明确可供实际运用参考的超参数设置规则。基于京沪高速铁路全线的实例计算分析表明,相对对比预测方法,EMD-Informer组合预测方法在高速铁路客流的单步预测及超前预测上均具有明显更小的预测误差。

机场能见度临近预测方法

能见度是保障机场航班安全、正常运行的重要标准之一。为精准预测能见度,使用2020年天津机场气象和常规空气质量监测数据,构建基于方差膨胀因子(Variance Inflation Factor,VIF)、主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)和Informer的能见度预测模型,并将均方根误差、平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差作为评价指标进行误差分析。结果显示,VIF PCA Informer模型比单一的Informer和简单组合模型效果更优,能更好地捕捉长时间序列特征的关系。相比于单一的Informer、长短期记忆神经网络和门控循环单元模型,VIF PCA Informer模型均方根误差下降了0.2141~0.3486,平均绝对误差下降了0.1842~0.2753,平均绝对百分比误差下降了0.3224~0.5270;VIF PCA Informer模型对能见度的临近预测(1 h)更为精准。使用高效的机场能见度预测模型可在保障航班安全高效运行方面发挥较大支撑作用。

基于时间序列的发电机设备异常分析

为提高发电机组设备运行维护管理水平,提出一种基于PCA-Informer方法的发电设备故障预测技术。首先使用主成分分析(PCA)算法降低时间序列数据的特征维度;其次将数据分批次输入Encoder中,由Encoder执行蒸馏操作,提取长时间序列输入间的Long-Range依赖,通过蒸馏操作为重要特征赋予更高的权重,并在下一层生成聚焦的Self-Attention Feature Map;最后由Decoder通过一个正向过程一步生成长序列输出。通过实验验证,该方法能够有效地对发电设备的故障进行预测。