Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models...Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R<sup>2</sup> 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R<sup>2</sup> 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R<sup>2</sup>_whole seed = 0.78, R<sup>2</sup>_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content.展开更多
The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device uti...The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device utilizing inductive sensing and near-infrared spectroscopy technology to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels.The device consists of modules for cerebral blood flow monitoring,cerebral blood oxygen monitoring,control,communication,and a host machine.Through experiments conducted on healthy subjects,it was confirmed that the device can effectively achieve synchronous monitoring and recording of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals.The results demonstrate the device’s capability to accurately measure these signals simultaneously.This technology enables dynamic monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals with potential clinical applications in preventing,diagnosing,treating cerebrovascular diseases while reducing their associated harm.展开更多
In this paper,a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy(1000-2500 nm)and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration withvegetable oils,Sunflower,p...In this paper,a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy(1000-2500 nm)and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration withvegetable oils,Sunflower,peanut and corn oils were selected to conduct the test.Pure camlia oiland that adulterated with varying concentrations(1-10%with the gradient of 1%,10-40%withthe gradient of 5%,40-100%with the gradient of 10%)of each type of the three vegetable oilswere prepared,respectively.For each type of adulterated oil,full-spectrum partial least squarespartial least squares(PLS)models and synergy interval partial least squares(SI-PLS)modelswere developed.Parameters of these models were optimized simultaneously by cross-validation,The SI-PLS models were proved to be better than the full-spectrum PLS models.In SI-PLSmodels,the correlation coefficients of predition set(Rp)were 0.9992,0.9998 and 0.9999 foradulteration with sunflower oil,peanut oiloil seperately;the corresponding root meansquare errors of prediction set(RMSEP).66nd 0.37.Furthermore,a new genericPLS model was built based on the chalselected from the intervals of thethree SI-PLS models to identify the oil adulterantsardless of the adultrated oil types.Themodel achieved with Rp=0.9988 and RMSEP==1.52,These results indicated that the charac-teristic near infrared spectral regions could determine the level of adulteration in the camllia oil.展开更多
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics. Different devices provide information on changes of oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (...Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics. Different devices provide information on changes of oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb), oxidized cytochrome aa3 (CytOx) or regional oxygen saturation (rSO2). NIRS has been used during adult and paediatric cardiac surgery.展开更多
Presenteeism refers to impaired performance attributed to attending work with health problems. There has been no study examining the state of presenteeism with objective measures. We compared cerebral hemodynamic chan...Presenteeism refers to impaired performance attributed to attending work with health problems. There has been no study examining the state of presenteeism with objective measures. We compared cerebral hemodynamic changes, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during neuropsychological tests conducted by university students with presenteeism and healthy controls. Twenty-two university students participated in the study;11 of them with impaired performance caused by mental health problem were allocated to the presenteeism group and 11 without health problems to the control group. Presenteeism was assessed by the Presenteeism Scale for Students. To evoke hemodynamics changes, the participants completed a Word Fluency Test (WFT) and a Trail Making Test (TMT). The NIRS probes were located over the bilateral prefrontal area. Students with presenteeism had significantly higher incidences of depression than controls. However, there was no significant difference in behavioral performance examinations between the two groups. With regard to hemodynamics changes, the repeated measures analysis of covariance of the NIRS signals revealed significant interactions between group and task activation. Although we observed a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the WFT among controls (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 27.34, P F(1, 19) = 22.05, P < 0.001), no changes were found in students with presenteeism during either the WFT (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 0.12, P F(1, 19) = 0.08, P t = ﹣0.94, P with Bonferroni correction = 0.745;right channel, t = ﹣2.19, P with Bonferroni correction < 0.113). This is the first study to reveal differences in activity in the cerebral cortex associated with presenteeism. The fact that students with presenteeism have prefrontal dysfunction might reinforce the concept of presenteeism.展开更多
Depression has been known to reduce the prefrontal activity associated with the execution of certain cognitive tasks, although whether a temporarily depressed or anxious mood in healthy individuals affects the prefron...Depression has been known to reduce the prefrontal activity associated with the execution of certain cognitive tasks, although whether a temporarily depressed or anxious mood in healthy individuals affects the prefrontal blood oxygen level during cognitive tasks is unknown. Combining the measurement of prefrontal activity with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the two cognitive tasks, namely the letter version of the verbal fluency test (VFT-l) and the Stroop test, we measured the effect of a depressed or anxious mood and gender on the changes in the prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) levels during those cognitive tests in healthy individuals. Depressed mood or anxious mood was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Thereby we aimed to explore the possibility of NIRS measurement for detecting the early subclinical manifestation of major depression. Moreover, we examined the possible relationships between prefrontal activation and the functional Val66Met polymorphisms of the brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene and serum BDNF level. As a result, the increased prefrontal Oxy-Hb levels during cognitive tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of depressed mood in males. The course of the prefrontal Oxy-Hb increase was different depending on the cognitive tasks, i.e., the VFT-l or the Stroop test, in both genders. Correlations of BDNF genotype and serum BDNF level with the prefrontal Oxy-Hb levels during those cognitive tasks were negative. Our results suggest that the early subclinical manifestation of depressed mood in males might be detected by the NIRS measurement, which is not correlated with the individual properties of BDNF.展开更多
<正> In this paper,the gluon propagator in Landau gauge has been studied on a lattice,including the quenchedand the unquenched one.The small geometry size of lattice we use is 16~3×32,and the big one is 20~...<正> In this paper,the gluon propagator in Landau gauge has been studied on a lattice,including the quenchedand the unquenched one.The small geometry size of lattice we use is 16~3×32,and the big one is 20~3×64.For thequenched approximation,we fit the numerical results and give a little different fitting values.We also obtain unquenchedeffects by comparing the gluon propagator resulting from the quenched and unquenched configurations,for both thetwo-flavor and three-flavor cases.For the unquenched configurations,an obvious quark mass dependence has not beenfound in the small quark mass ease,but is found in the three-flavor case when the quark mass is big.展开更多
The fact that infrared ring nebulae(IRRNe) are frequently associated with HⅡ regions provides us with an opportunity to study dust at the interface between ionized and neutral gas. In this paper, we analyze the assoc...The fact that infrared ring nebulae(IRRNe) are frequently associated with HⅡ regions provides us with an opportunity to study dust at the interface between ionized and neutral gas. In this paper, we analyze the associated infrared(IR) radiation in the range from 8 to 500 μm in the outer and inner parts of32 IRRNe showing a round shape. We aim to determine the morphology of these objects and possible dust evolution processes based on comparing IR radiation towards the ionized and neutral regions. We calculate six slopes between adjacent wavelengths in their spectral energy distributions to trace the difference in physical conditions inside and outside the ionized regions. Using data on these 32 objects, we demonstrate that their morphology is likely 3 D spherical rather than 2 D plane-like. The slope between 70 and 160 μm is the most appropriate tracer of dust temperature in the outer envelope. The larger 8-to-24 μm intensity ratio is associated with smaller intensities at mid-IR, indicating that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) may indeed be generated due to larger grain destruction. These data are important for the subsequent theoretical modeling, and determining the dust evolution in HⅡ regions and their envelopes.展开更多
文摘Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R<sup>2</sup> 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R<sup>2</sup> 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R<sup>2</sup>_whole seed = 0.78, R<sup>2</sup>_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977214)Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(No.KJQN202212805)Special funding project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS08)。
文摘The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device utilizing inductive sensing and near-infrared spectroscopy technology to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels.The device consists of modules for cerebral blood flow monitoring,cerebral blood oxygen monitoring,control,communication,and a host machine.Through experiments conducted on healthy subjects,it was confirmed that the device can effectively achieve synchronous monitoring and recording of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals.The results demonstrate the device’s capability to accurately measure these signals simultaneously.This technology enables dynamic monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals with potential clinical applications in preventing,diagnosing,treating cerebrovascular diseases while reducing their associated harm.
基金supported¯nancially by the China National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2012BAK08B04)Gannan Camellia Industry Development and Innovative Center Open Fund(Grant No.YK201610).
文摘In this paper,a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy(1000-2500 nm)and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration withvegetable oils,Sunflower,peanut and corn oils were selected to conduct the test.Pure camlia oiland that adulterated with varying concentrations(1-10%with the gradient of 1%,10-40%withthe gradient of 5%,40-100%with the gradient of 10%)of each type of the three vegetable oilswere prepared,respectively.For each type of adulterated oil,full-spectrum partial least squarespartial least squares(PLS)models and synergy interval partial least squares(SI-PLS)modelswere developed.Parameters of these models were optimized simultaneously by cross-validation,The SI-PLS models were proved to be better than the full-spectrum PLS models.In SI-PLSmodels,the correlation coefficients of predition set(Rp)were 0.9992,0.9998 and 0.9999 foradulteration with sunflower oil,peanut oiloil seperately;the corresponding root meansquare errors of prediction set(RMSEP).66nd 0.37.Furthermore,a new genericPLS model was built based on the chalselected from the intervals of thethree SI-PLS models to identify the oil adulterantsardless of the adultrated oil types.Themodel achieved with Rp=0.9988 and RMSEP==1.52,These results indicated that the charac-teristic near infrared spectral regions could determine the level of adulteration in the camllia oil.
文摘Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics. Different devices provide information on changes of oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb), oxidized cytochrome aa3 (CytOx) or regional oxygen saturation (rSO2). NIRS has been used during adult and paediatric cardiac surgery.
文摘Presenteeism refers to impaired performance attributed to attending work with health problems. There has been no study examining the state of presenteeism with objective measures. We compared cerebral hemodynamic changes, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during neuropsychological tests conducted by university students with presenteeism and healthy controls. Twenty-two university students participated in the study;11 of them with impaired performance caused by mental health problem were allocated to the presenteeism group and 11 without health problems to the control group. Presenteeism was assessed by the Presenteeism Scale for Students. To evoke hemodynamics changes, the participants completed a Word Fluency Test (WFT) and a Trail Making Test (TMT). The NIRS probes were located over the bilateral prefrontal area. Students with presenteeism had significantly higher incidences of depression than controls. However, there was no significant difference in behavioral performance examinations between the two groups. With regard to hemodynamics changes, the repeated measures analysis of covariance of the NIRS signals revealed significant interactions between group and task activation. Although we observed a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the WFT among controls (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 27.34, P F(1, 19) = 22.05, P < 0.001), no changes were found in students with presenteeism during either the WFT (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 0.12, P F(1, 19) = 0.08, P t = ﹣0.94, P with Bonferroni correction = 0.745;right channel, t = ﹣2.19, P with Bonferroni correction < 0.113). This is the first study to reveal differences in activity in the cerebral cortex associated with presenteeism. The fact that students with presenteeism have prefrontal dysfunction might reinforce the concept of presenteeism.
文摘Depression has been known to reduce the prefrontal activity associated with the execution of certain cognitive tasks, although whether a temporarily depressed or anxious mood in healthy individuals affects the prefrontal blood oxygen level during cognitive tasks is unknown. Combining the measurement of prefrontal activity with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the two cognitive tasks, namely the letter version of the verbal fluency test (VFT-l) and the Stroop test, we measured the effect of a depressed or anxious mood and gender on the changes in the prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) levels during those cognitive tests in healthy individuals. Depressed mood or anxious mood was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Thereby we aimed to explore the possibility of NIRS measurement for detecting the early subclinical manifestation of major depression. Moreover, we examined the possible relationships between prefrontal activation and the functional Val66Met polymorphisms of the brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene and serum BDNF level. As a result, the increased prefrontal Oxy-Hb levels during cognitive tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of depressed mood in males. The course of the prefrontal Oxy-Hb increase was different depending on the cognitive tasks, i.e., the VFT-l or the Stroop test, in both genders. Correlations of BDNF genotype and serum BDNF level with the prefrontal Oxy-Hb levels during those cognitive tasks were negative. Our results suggest that the early subclinical manifestation of depressed mood in males might be detected by the NIRS measurement, which is not correlated with the individual properties of BDNF.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10575050the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20060284020
文摘<正> In this paper,the gluon propagator in Landau gauge has been studied on a lattice,including the quenchedand the unquenched one.The small geometry size of lattice we use is 16~3×32,and the big one is 20~3×64.For thequenched approximation,we fit the numerical results and give a little different fitting values.We also obtain unquenchedeffects by comparing the gluon propagator resulting from the quenched and unquenched configurations,for both thetwo-flavor and three-flavor cases.For the unquenched configurations,an obvious quark mass dependence has not beenfound in the small quark mass ease,but is found in the three-flavor case when the quark mass is big.
基金supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (18–32–00384)
文摘The fact that infrared ring nebulae(IRRNe) are frequently associated with HⅡ regions provides us with an opportunity to study dust at the interface between ionized and neutral gas. In this paper, we analyze the associated infrared(IR) radiation in the range from 8 to 500 μm in the outer and inner parts of32 IRRNe showing a round shape. We aim to determine the morphology of these objects and possible dust evolution processes based on comparing IR radiation towards the ionized and neutral regions. We calculate six slopes between adjacent wavelengths in their spectral energy distributions to trace the difference in physical conditions inside and outside the ionized regions. Using data on these 32 objects, we demonstrate that their morphology is likely 3 D spherical rather than 2 D plane-like. The slope between 70 and 160 μm is the most appropriate tracer of dust temperature in the outer envelope. The larger 8-to-24 μm intensity ratio is associated with smaller intensities at mid-IR, indicating that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) may indeed be generated due to larger grain destruction. These data are important for the subsequent theoretical modeling, and determining the dust evolution in HⅡ regions and their envelopes.