Infrared thermography in metabolic diseases

The prevalence of metabolic diseases,some diseases that are seriously harmful for human health and affect the quality of life,is increasing year by year.Early detection and intervention is the common strategy to deal with them.Infrared thermography(IRT)is a special medical imaging technology which can capture the changes of skin temperature associated with metabolic disorders.It might be a new method for early detection of metabolic diseases.The purpose of this review is to summarize advances of the use of IRT in evaluating single metabolic disorder such as obesity,hyperglycemia and hypertension,complex metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and target organ damage such as coronary artery atherosclerosis and diabetic foot.The characteristic of thermograms of metabolic disease patients,the changes of thermal maps during the development of the disease,and the lacks in current studies are also discussed in the article.

Anisotropy of Fatigue Behavior and Tensile Behavior of 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Based on Infrared Thermography

The fatigue behavior during high cycle fatigue testing and the tensile behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy considering the anisotropy were studied.Two types of specimens including longitudinal specimen（parallel to the rolling direction） and transverse specimen（perpendicular to the rolling direction） were prepared.Infrared thermography was employed to monitor the temperature evolution during the fatigue and tensile tests.The temperature evolution curves in the two directions were contrastively analyzed.It is found that the temperature evolution during fatigue process possesses four stages：initial temperature rise stage,slow temperature decline stage,rapid temperature rise stage,and finial temperature decline stage.The heat generating mechanisms of the four stages are discussed.Obvious differences can be found between the longitudinal specimen and transverse specimen in fatigue strength and fatigue life.The fatigue strength and fatigue life of longitudinal specimen are higher than those of transverse specimen.During the tensile and fatigue testing process,the fracture temperature in the transverse direction are higher than that in the longitudinal direction.The fatigue strength prediction by means of infrared thermography has a good consistency with that by the traditional method.

Bridge Girder Crack Assessment Using Faster RCNN Inception V2 and Infrared Thermography

Manual inspections of infrastructures such as highway bridge, pavement, dam, and multistoried garage ceiling are time consuming, sometimes can be life threatening, and costly. An automated computerized system can reduce time, faulty inspection, and cost of inspection. In this study, we developed a computer model using deep learning Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which can be used to automatically detect the crack and non-crack type structure. The goal of this research is to allow application of state-of-the-art deep neural network and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies for highway bridge girder inspection. As a pilot study of implementing deep learning in Bridge Girder, we study the recognition, length, and location of crack in the structure of the UTC campus old garage concrete ceiling slab. A total of 2086 images of crack and non-crack were taken from UTC Old Library parking garage ceiling using handheld mobile phone and drone. After training the model shows 98% accuracy with crack and non-crack types of structures.

Quantification by Signal to Noise Ratio of Active Infrared Thermography Data Processing Techniques

In this paper, the use of a signal to noise ratio (SNR) is proposed for the quantification of the goodness of some selected processing techniques of thermographic images, such as differentiated absolute contrast, skewness and kurtosis based algorithms, pulsed phase transform, principal component analysis and thermographic signal reconstruction. A new hybrid technique is also applied (PhAC—Phase absolute contrast), it combines three different processing techniques: phase absolute contrast, pulsed phase thermography and thermographic signal reconstruction. The quality of the results is established on the basis of the values of the parameter SNR, assessed for the present defects in the analyzed specimen, which enabled to quantify and compare their identification and the quality of the results of the employed technique.

Counting Method of Mangrove Pests Based on Infrared Thermography

In the field of plant protection,certain methods for assessing the current pest situation and implementing appropriate protection countermeasures can effectively protect plants while saving manpower and material resources.However,current pest monitoring methods are primarily based on the stage of"seeing,hand checking,disc shooting and net catching",and the level of automation is low.Manual methods are time-consuming,prone to error,and difficult to review.We designed a method based on infrared thermography principle for counting Ricania guttata(Walker),a pest which is harmful to mangrove plants.This method,which is based on thermal infrared images and binarized image segmentation,realizes image processing of surface temperature,effectively distinguishes pests and sticky board,automatically counts the number of pests,and expands the data source based on image processing.Furthermore,this method contributes to the solution of the problem that counting error of insect close to the color of sticky board is greater in image recognition of visible light,when the pest color is close to the stick board.It can facilitate manual investigation of mangrove pests,simply and efficiently count the number of pests on the stick board,and provide data and technical support for pest condition analysis and control.

Study on divertor heat flux under n=3 and n=4 resonant magnetic perturbations using infrared thermography diagnostic in EAST

Resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs)with high toroidal mode number n are considered for controlling edge-localized modes(ELMs)and divertor heat flux in future ITER H-mode operations.In this paper,characteristics of divertor heat flux under high-nRMPs(n=3 and 4)in H-mode plasma are investigated using newly upgraded infrared thermography diagnostic in EAST.Additional splitting strike point(SSP)accompanying with ELM suppression is observed under both RMPs with n=3 and n=4,the SSP in heat flux profile agrees qualitatively with the modeled magnetic footprint.Although RMPs suppress ELMs,they increase the stationary heat flux during ELM suppression.The dependence of heat flux on q_(95)during ELM suppression is preliminarily investigated,and further splitting in the original strike point is observed at q 495=during ELM suppression.In terms of ELM pulses,the presence of RMPs shows little influence on transient heat flux distribution.

Comparison between Microwave Infrared Thermography and CO₂Laser Infrared Thermography in Defect Detection in Applications with CFRP

This paper presents two infrared thermography methods with CO2 Laser excitation and microwave excitation applied to defect detection in CFRP. The tests were conducted with two specimens, one with defect, and another one without defect. On two concrete plates 40 cm× 40 cm× 4.5 cmwere reinforced by CFRP;the defects were made by the absence of adhesive on an area10 cm× 10 cm. The specimens were heated by microwave, generated by a commercial magnetron of 2.45 GHz and guided by a pyramidal horn antenna, with a power of 360 W within 150 s. Another series of the tests was conducted with CO2 Laser, wavelength 10.6 μm, by heating the samples with a power of 300 W within 40 s. An infrared camera sensitive to medium waves in range of 3 - 5 μm, with a detector of 320 × 256 matrix detector in InSb (Indium Antimonide), was used to record the thermograms. As a result, the CO2 Laser excitation is better for the delamination detection in CFRP. This study opens interesting perspectives for inspecting other types of defects in materials sciences;the microwave excitation is suitable for the deep defects in the materials whereas the CO2 Laser excitation is better for the defects near the surface of the materials.

Laser Heating and Infrared Thermography of Building Materials

In this work, a 532 nm diode CW laser is used to heat samples used as building materials at a 1 meter standoff distance while using an FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) thermal camera to monitor and record the heating and then cooling of each sample after lasers are switched off. The data is then analyzed using FLIR proprietary software. Since the absorption spectra of materials are unique, using multiple lasers of different wavelengths to simultaneously shine onto the sample at different locations would give enough thermal data to successfully characterize the samples within a reasonable amount of time. The results are very promising for applications involving non-destructive detection and classification of materials.

Pulse modulated microwave and infrared thermography for superficial hyperthermia

A 3D temperature field distribution of biological tissue for superficial hyperthermia using a pulse modulated microwave (PMMW) was presented.A 3D sliced homogeneous phantom was radiated by the PMMW and an infrared thermal imager was applied to image temperature distribution throughout the phantom.The period of the PMMW is 3 s and the output power is 35 W.The temperature rises by at least 3 °C in the phantom when the duty cycle varies from 1/3,1/2,2/3 to 1 (denoted by scenarios 1?4).Both the accumulative temperature?volume histogram and the relative depth?area ratio histogram show that the maximum temperature rise (MTR) is 6.6 and 8 °C in scenarios 2 and 3,and they are superior to scenarios 1 and 4.Furthermore,the PMMW can control temperature field distribution of biological tissue.It provides both preliminary basis for thermal volume control and new technology for temperature control and monitor in superficial hyperthermia.

Remote sensing of bark beetle damage in Norway spruce individual tree canopies using thermal infrared and airborne laser scanning data fusion

Background:Increasing threat to Central Europe’s forests from the growing population of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) calls for developing highly effective methods of detection of the infestation spots. The main goal of this study was to establish an automatic workflow for detection of dead trees and trees in poor condition of Picea abies using Middle Wave Infrared spectral range obtained from the aircraft.Methods:The studies were conducted in Wigry National Park (Poland) in 2020. A fusion of aircraft thermal data and laser scanning was used. Synchronous with thermal data acquisition ground reference data were obtained for P. abies in different health conditions. Determination of the range of canopy temperatures characteristic of the three condition states (‘healthy’,‘poor condition’,‘dead’) was performed using K-mean clustering. The accuracy of the method was evaluated on two validation sets:(1) individual tree canopies determined by photointerpretation, and (2) automatic segmentation of laser scanning data.Results:The results showed that the average temperature of ‘healthy’trees was 27.70℃, trees in ‘poor condition’28.57℃, and ‘dead’trees 30.17℃. High temperature differences between ‘healthy’and ‘dead’P. abies made it possible to distinguish these two condition classes with high accuracy. Lower accuracies were obtained for the class of ‘poor condition’, which was found to be confusing with both ‘healthy’and ‘dead’trees. According to results from the first validation set, a high overall accuracy of 0.60 was obtained. For the second validation set, the overall accuracy was reduced by 11%.Conclusions:This study indicates that canopy temperature recorded from the airborne level is a variable that differentiates ‘healthy’spruces from those in ‘poor condition’and the ‘dead’trees. The results confirmed that thermal and airborne laser scanning data fusion allows for creating a quick and simple workflow, which can successfully separate individual tree canopies and identify P. abies attacked by I. typographus. Further research is needed to identify trees in the early stages of invasion.

红外热成像精准电参数刺激治疗早发型卵巢功能不全的临床研究

目的:探讨采用红外热成像精准电参数刺激治疗早发型卵巢功能不全的临床效果。方法:选取100例早发性卵巢功能不全患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法分为对照组与研究组,每组各50例。对照组采用雌孕激素进行治疗;研究组采用红外热成像精准电参数刺激治疗。比较治疗前及治疗后1、2、3个月两组患者血清激素[促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)]水平、血流情况[卵巢血管收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、计算搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI)]、基础窦卵泡数及卵巢体积,并比较两组患者不良反应发生情况及临床疗效。结果:治疗1、2、3个月后,两组患者FSH及LH水平均下降,且研究组低于对照组;E2及AMH水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,两组患者PSV水平均升高,PI水平均降低,且研究组RI水平低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗2、3个月后,两组患者基础窦卵泡数及两侧卵巢体积水平均呈上升趋势;治疗3个月后,研究组基础窦卵泡数及两侧卵巢体积水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用红外热成像精准电参数刺激治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的患者安全性较高,利于改善患者性激素水平,并可增加基础窦卵泡数及增大卵巢体积,具有较好的临床疗效,可以在基层医院临床推广应用。

红外热成像技术在室内非均匀热环境评价中的应用研究

为了对室内热环境进行空间评价,探究平均辐射温度与湿球黑球温度(t_(WBG))的空间分布规律,通过对存在辐射热源与室温两种工况下的室内空气温度、相对湿度、风速、黑球温度、表面温度进行测试,考察红外热成像法计算空间平均辐射温度的可靠性,并结合Python数字图像设计一种热环境空间评价结果的可视化方法,研究存在辐射源与室温两种工况平均辐射温度与t_(WBG)的空间分布规律。结果显示:不同工况下红外热成像法与黑球法的差异均在2℃以内,红外热成像法计算平均辐射温度具有较高的可靠性。平均辐射温度、空气温度、t_(WBG)的空间变化规律相似,当室内存在辐射热源时平均辐射温度的空间差异为6.4℃,t_(WBG)的空间差异为3.9℃。研究结果可以为室内热环境的空间评价提供参考。

升力体缝隙模型红外测热试验及分析

针对升力体缝隙模型在中国空气动力研究与发展中心的Φ0.3 m高超声速低密度风洞中开展了红外测热试验,试验马赫数12、总温668 K、总压4.731 MPa、攻角0°和35°,获取了模型的红外热图结果,并开展了相应的数值仿真分析。在此基础上,研究了选取不同帧次的红外热图进行数据处理对热流密度结果的影响,分析了缝隙干扰引起的热流密度增量。结果表明:投放后模型抖动对数据处理存在明显影响,建议在数据处理中采用模型投放稳定后(约1.2 s)的红外热图结果;“T”字型缝干扰区的热流密度增量需要引起重视,攻角35°情况下的峰值热流密度能达到无缝隙时热流密度的8倍以上;红外测热试验数据与CFD数据吻合较好,两者仅在很小的峰值干扰区域存在差异。下一步需要在CFD建模倒角处理、红外方案优化等方面开展工作。

太阳能激励下土工膜结构缺陷的红外监测研究

以实验室中厌氧反应池土工膜结构为研究对象,通过实验研究的方法,使用基于太阳能热波激励的热成像技术进行高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜结构缺陷检测的探索性研究。所提方法利用太阳能辐射作为热波激励,验证了利用云层遮蔽导致的太阳能辐射短期波动进行红外结构监测的可行性。此外,基于结构的瞬态变温过程应用红外热图像序列降温过程温度变化累加对比的方法,以增强缺陷区域的温度对比度。研究结果表明,利用太阳能辐射波动观察到的结构瞬态温度响应可用于确定土工膜结构是否存在缺陷。

红外无损检测缺陷尺寸测量方法研究

红外无损检测技术可有效检测金属、非金属、复合材料的内部缺陷,缺陷尺寸是评估缺陷影响的关键参数,本文以半宽高测量算法来实现对缺陷尺寸的半自动测量,首先手动绘制过缺陷中心的直线构成空间像素曲线,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波算法滤波,并自动寻找空间像素曲线半宽高位置,从而实现对缺陷尺寸的测量。通过对塑料试件、碳钢试件、碳纤维复合材料试件研究发现,不同时刻红外图像测量出的缺陷尺寸具有不同的误差,采用清晰时刻红外图像,测量误差在10%内,采用模糊时刻红外图像,测量误差在20%左右,相对于传统手动测量缺陷尺寸,本文方法将有效提高缺陷尺寸测量的精度。

基于CiteSpace的红外热成像技术在证候诊断及疗效评价中应用现状的可视化分析

目的 探究红外热成像技术(IRT)在证候诊断及疗效评价中的临床应用现状。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和维普网数据库建库至2022年10月收录的IRT在证候诊断及疗效评价中应用的临床研究文献。运用CiteSpace 5.7.R5对纳入文献的作者、机构、关键词进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入文献220篇,1990—2022年发文量总体呈上升趋势,发文量最多的作者是王平,发文最多的机构是天津中医药大学第一附属医院,共发现12个关键词聚类及21个突现关键词。结论 IRT在证候诊断及疗效评价中应用日益广泛,但该领域研究尚未形成稳定的研究团队,缺乏跨地域科研合作,研究力量分散。

基于温升演化的异质材料点焊接头疲劳极限快速预测

针对传统升降法测定疲劳极限试样需求数量多、历时长、耗费大等特点,论述了一种基于温升演化的不锈钢-碳钢异质材料点焊接头疲劳极限快速预测方法。通过对SUS301L-Q235B点焊接头单试样进行逐级应力加载,并借助红外热像仪获取试样实时温升变化,然后基于建立的疲劳极限预测模型计算得到的疲劳极限值为4.883 kN。传统升降法试验测定的疲劳极限值为5.00 kN,预测值与试验值之间误差为2.34%,验证了红外热像法预测点焊接头疲劳极限的精确性,为疲劳极限预测评估提供了一种新思路。

基于机器视觉的烧结矿FeO含量在线感知

烧结矿FeO的含量是烧结生产的一项综合性指标,影响它的因素较多而且各因素间呈现一种非线性关系,导致对FeO含量的预测难度较大。针对烧结矿FeO含量难以预测的问题,本文提出一种基于机器视觉技术实现烧结矿FeO含量在线感知的系统。该系统通过在烧结台车机尾安装红外热成像设备来获取烧结断面的热成像图片信息并对图片信息特征进行提取和分析,提取的机尾断面图像特征作为Darknet-19算法的输入参数,建立基于改进的Darknet-19算法的烧结矿FeO含量预测模型,实现对烧结矿FeO含量的实时预测。现场实际使用表明,烧结矿FeO含量预测模型的预测值与实际值偏差±0.5时,准确率在82.5%,对稳定和优化烧结生产过程控制有积极作用。

被动式红外热像法研究古代建筑壁画裂隙病害动态成因

红外热像法是文物保护领域广泛应用的无损检测方法之一。在目前的文物保护工作中,常利用主动式红外热像法对文物本体的病害状况和结构缺陷进行评估,而对被动式红外热像法的重视程度不足,且极少直接考察文物与赋存环境之间的动态作用关系。以辽宁义县奉国寺元代建筑壁画裂隙病害为例,探索被动式红外热像法研究“文物本体-赋存环境”交联耦合作用的可行性。在拍摄壁画表面红外热像照片从而获得更全面檐墙结构信息的基础上,分别对东、西墙中部纵向长裂隙以及北墙N1壁画整体开展连续红外热成像监测,并对裂隙、普通墙体表面和木骨处墙体表面进行温度测量;采用累积距平法和小波分析法对这些特征位置温度的变化趋势和周期波动性进行分析,从传热学角度对监测和分析结果进行定性讨论,区分壁画不同位置的传热影响模式,并结合裂隙产状特征对其形成过程进行初步判断。结果表明,壁画属多层不均匀结构,存在传热通路和结构强度上的差异;东、西墙的温度变化趋势具有相似性,而在波动信号及波动能量方面存在明显不同;裂隙的总体波动能量大于墙体,并与发育程度呈正相关;第一主周期的波动能量来源于气温的日变化,而次级主周期的波动能量可能与传热过程中的随机扰动有关,白天及日落后一段时间内的能量波动在传热影响中起到了关键作用;木骨与裂隙处的传热过程更快,随时间推移形成高温中心与横向传热趋势。裂隙病害的产生是材料对温度机械应变差异的结果,而传热影响途径有二:一是以檐墙为媒介的导热,二是通过檐柱处空气通道的对流换热;前者主要诱导生成间口内上下平行若干层的横向短裂隙组,后者则促进檐柱处纵向长裂隙的产生。该研究可为评估其他类型文物在复杂环境下的传热影响过程提供参考。

基于激光联动扫描的单目动态三维主动热成像研究

为了满足对非平面碳纤维复合材料无损检测的需求,文中提出了一种仅使用一台热像仪对运动试件进行主动三维热成像的系统,称为单目动态三维主动热成像。该系统融合了检测对象的三维轮廓与和主动热成像检测,能够对具有复杂几何形状的复合材料试件进行检测,并给出直观的热成像缺陷检查结果。不同于传统的三维主动热成像检测方法需要额外的三维相机获取检测对象表面轮廓信息;该系统不需要独立的三维传感器,而热像仪同时作为三维传感器与温度传感器。为了实现这一功能,在线激光联动扫描热成像的基础上,文中提出了一个统一联动扫描模型和针孔相机投影模型的数学模型,将线激光作为主动热成像的热激励和三维重建的空间编码。在算法中,该模型实现了对重构热图序列和三维形状点云的无特征配准,该配准方法工作快速、稳健,不需要关键点。标准高度试件标定实验结果表明:在1~150mm的高度测量范围,平均误差0.16mm,最大误差不超过0.25 mm。碳纤维进气管实验表明,该方法具有大尺寸碳纤维复合材料三维温度场重建与检测检测能力。文中提出的单目三维动态热成像系统结构简单、工作稳定,可用于在生产线的三维测量、缺陷检测和质量控制。