Extraction of the key infrared radiation temperature features concerning stress and crack evolution of loaded rocks

The infrared radiation temperature(IRT)variation concerning stress and crack evolution of rocks is a critical focus in rock mechanics domain and engineering disaster warning.In this paper,a methodology to extract the key IRT features related to stress and crack evolution of loaded rocks is proposed.Specifically,the wavelet denoising and reconstruction in thermal image sequence(WDRTIS)method is employed to eliminate temporal noise in thermal image sequences.Subsequently,the adaptive partition temperature drift correction(APTDC)method is introduced to alleviate temperature drift.On this basis,the spatial noise correction method based on threshold segmentation and adaptive median filtering(OTSU-AMF)is proposed to extract the key IRT features associated with microcracks of loaded rocks.Following temperature drift correction,IRT provides an estimation of the thermoelastic factor in rocks,typically around 5.29×10^(-5) MPa^(-1) for sandstones.Results reveal that the high-temperature concentrated region in cumulative thermal images of crack evolution(TICE)can elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution of localized damage.Additionally,heat dissipation of crack evolution(HDCE)acquired from TICE quantifies the progressive failure process of rocks.The proposed methodology enhances the reliability of IRT monitoring results and provides an innovative approach for conducting research in rock mechanics and monitoring engineering disasters.

Investigation on the plastic work-heat conversion coefficient of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy during an impact process based on infrared temperature measurement technology

The plastic work-heat conversion coefficient is one key parameter for studying the work-heat conversion under dynamic deformation of materials. To explore this coefficient of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy under dynamic compression, dynamic compression experiments using the Hopkinson bar under four groups of strain rates were conducted, and the temperature signals were measured by constructing a transient infrared temperature measurement system. According to stress versus strain data as well as the corresponding temperature data obtained through the experiments, the influences of the strain and the strain rate on the coefficient of plastic work converted to heat were analyzed.The experimental results show that the coefficient of plastic work converted to heat of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy is not a constant at the range of 0.85–1 and is closely related to the strain and the strain rate. The change of internal structure of material under high strain rate reduces its energy storage capacity, and makes almost all plastic work convert into heat.

Multipoint Infrared Telemetry System for Measuring the Piston Temperature in Internal Combustion Engines

A high precision, high antijamming multipoint infrared telemetry system was developed to measure the piston temperature in internal combustion engine. The temperature at the measuring point is converted into corresponding voltage signal by the thermo-couple first. Then after the V/F stage, the voltage signal is converted into the frequency signal to drive the infrared light-emitting diode to transmit infrared pulses. At the receiver end, a photosensitive audion receives the infrared pulses. After conversion, the voltage recorded by the receiver stands for the magnitude of temperature at the measuring point. Test results of the system indicate that the system is practical and the system can perform multipoint looping temperature measurements for the piston.

Infrared radiation method for measuring ice segregation temperature of artificially frozen soils

In order to study the evolution of the freezing fringe and final lenses of frost susceptible soils and advance the understanding of frost heave and mechanism of frost heave control, we used an open one-dimensional frost heave test system of infrared radiation technology, instead of a traditional thermistor method. Temperatures of the freezing fringe and segregated ice were measured in a non-contact mode. The results show that accurate and precise temperatures of ice segregation can be obtained by infrared thermal imaging systems. A self-developed inversion program inverted the temperature field of frozen soils. Based on our analysis of temperature variation in segregated ice and our study of the relationship between temperature and rate of ice segregation in cooling and warming processes during intermittent freezing, the mechanism of decreasing frost heave of frozen soils by controlling the growth of final lenses with an intermittent freezing mode, can be explained properly.

Research on the Explosion Temperature Response of Fuel Air Explosive Measured by Colorimetric Pyrometer

An infrared colorimetric radiation thermometrical system was established based on the theory of optical radiation. The dynamic temperature history of fuel air explosive (FAE) was measured to obtain the temperature responses of primary initiation FAE and secondary initiation FAE in real time. And the characteristics of their temperature history curves were compared and analyzed. The results show that the primary initiation FAE has higher explosion temperature and longer duration compared to the secondary initiation FAE.

A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection

Infrared(IR) small target detection is one of the key technologies of infrared search and track(IRST)systems. Existing methods have some limitations in detection performance, especially when the target size is irregular or the background is complex. In this paper, we propose a pixel-level local contrast measure(PLLCM), which can subdivide small targets and backgrounds at pixel level simultaneously.With pixel-level segmentation, the difference between the target and the background becomes more obvious, which helps to improve the detection performance. First, we design a multiscale sliding window to quickly extract candidate target pixels. Then, a local window based on random walker(RW) is designed for pixel-level target segmentation. After that, PLLCM incorporating probability weights and scale constraints is proposed to accurately measure local contrast and suppress various types of background interference. Finally, an adaptive threshold operation is applied to separate the target from the PLLCM enhanced map. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate than the baseline algorithms, while achieving a high speed.

On-line measurement of temperature and water vapor in CH_4 /air premixed flame using near-infrared diode laser

We establish a single diode laser sensor system to obtain temperature and water concentration in CH4/air premixed flame.Line-of-sight properties are analyzed,but line-of-sight results are not path average values for temperature measurements.The measurements are performed on a flat burner based on scannedwavelength direct absorption spectroscopy using two adjacent water lines at 7153.75 and 7154.35 cm 1.Real-time results are acquired using a data acquisition card with a Labview data processing program.The standard uncertainties of the temperature and water concentration measurements are 2.3% and 5.1%,respectively.

Infrared Thermography for True Temperature Measurement of the Main Board in Personal Computer

This paper presents a way to measure the true temperature of the electronic devices without disturbing their normal operating conditions, which involved with estimating target emissivity, background temperature correctly and choosing infrared transparent material and its transmission estimation. The temperature distributions of the main board in personal computer were measured by the method presented here with infrared thermography in several different running conditions. The measurement errors and their possible remedies are also discussed.

An empirical method for improving accuracy of human eye temperature measured by uncooled infrared thermal imager

In order to reduce the temperature measurement error with the uncooled infrared thermal imager, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of environment temperature and measurement distance on the measurement error of human eye temperature. First, the forehead temperature was used as an intermediate variable to obtain the actual temperature of human eyes. Then, the effects of environment temperature and measurement distance on the temperature measurement were separately analyzed. Finally, an empirical model was established to correlate actual eye temperature with the measured temperature, environment temperature, and measurement distance. To verify the formula, three different environment temperatures were tested at different distances. The measurement errors were substantially reduced using the empirical model for temperature correction. The results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of temperature measurement using the infrared thermal imager.

喷油润滑内齿圈外圆面红外测温及误差分析

高速重载人字齿轮箱的摩擦功率损失会转换成为温升,齿面温度测量是评价齿轮箱润滑和冷却设计的重要手段。针对某人字齿轮箱中内齿圈外圆面温度的在线实时准确测量需求,提出了一种基于红外测温仪的旋转齿轮表面温度测量方法,并分别设计搭建了相关测试试验装置。首先,分析了基于红外测温仪的旋转齿轮表面温度测量误差的影响因素;其次,通过试验对待测齿面的发射率进行标定;最后,开展了不同转速工况下的喷油润滑齿轮表面温度测量试验,并分析了吹气压力和吹气温度对红外测温误差的影响。研究结果表明:待测齿面喷涂黑色哑光漆后的标定发射率为0.96,而红外测温光路上的光学镜片会使红外测温值低2℃左右;带有空气吹扫管的红外测温仪可以在线实时测量旋转内齿圈外圆面的温度,且红外与热电偶测温值的最大相对误差不超过7%;选择合适的空气吹扫压力和吹扫温度,可以进一步减小红外测温误差。

基于红外辐射测温法的焊头动态高速真温测量系统研制

温度是用来表征物体特性的一个重要的基本参数,被广泛应用于金属加工、生产生活、航空航天等各个领域,温度测量的准确与否对每个行业都有着至关重要的影响。随着电子设备的尺寸不断微型化以及各种可穿戴智能设备的普及和发展,小型化成为了电子元件技术水平的一个重要技术指标,所以电子元器件也一直朝着小尺寸、高集成化方向发展,而其焊接温度的波动引起的产品良品率也在不断降低。因此,如何实现电子元器件焊接过程中焊头温度的实时获取,已成为众多相关企业急需研究的课题。基于晶体管式焊接电源的工作特点,从分析焊头的结构特性入手,利用焊头的红外光谱辐射特性,设计了一种激光瞄准式的光学系统,采用朗伯体法对焊头进行温度测量,从而得到焊头工作时的实时真温。整个温度测量系统由硬件系统部分和软件系统部分构成。其中,硬件系统包括光学系统的设计、 I/V转换及放大电路和上位机的高速数据采集系统。软件系统主要包括上位机系统界面的设计。上位机软件采用LabVIEW进行程序设计,主要包括AD采集卡的配置与驱动、数据滤波、零点测量、温度标定、温度计算、实时温度曲线和数据存储。在系统建立、软件调试完毕后,采用标准空腔黑体炉对测温系统进行了校准。首先,利用整体黑体法对焊头工作时的发射率进行了试验,结果表明,在氧化和非氧化状态下,其发射率与文献数据基本一致。然后利用该发射率值,计算出了焊头上小孔的空腔黑体发射率。最后,利用恒流晶体管式焊接电源进行了系统稳定性和重复性实验。分析该方法的不确定度,得出该方法的总体不确定度在3%以内。通过对测温系统的标定和配置,该系统还可以应用在其他需要高速精确测温的场景。

18CrNiMo7-6钢发射率值标定及外圆磨削温度研究

为研究齿轮钢外圆横向磨削过程中工件温度受加工参数变化的影响,以18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢作为工件材料,CBN砂轮作为磨具进行试验,使用红外热像仪对磨削过程温度进行检测。提出一种增设气幕装置的热辐射发射率值标定方案,通过气幕生成的高速气流减缓外界空气进入加热炉,防止标定过程中试样被氧化,保证高温条件下标定得到的发射率值的准确度;依据检测结果,分析工件转速v_(w)、工件每转的磨削深度f_(a)、砂轮磨粒粒度d_(g)、砂轮直径d_(s)和磨削宽度b对温度的影响。结果表明:f_(a)对温度变化影响最显著。通过拟合得到磨削温度与试验参数间的经验公式,其误差为9.27%。将磨削温度的试验测量结果与运用移动热源理论、瑞利分布模型和干式磨削热分配比模型进行理论推导的结果作对比,偏差为8.51%。

不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性研究

目的:探讨不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性,以指导合理使用红外耳温计。方法:随机选取2023年5月至2023年7月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院接受治疗的164例住院及门诊患儿,采用进口(品牌A)、国产(品牌B)和合资(品牌C)3种不同品牌的红外耳温计,以同样的测量方式测量患儿耳温,比较不同品牌耳温计在不同年龄段患儿中测量的温度和时间的差异性。结果:测量温度上,A测量为(37.54±0.931)℃,B为(37.219±0.952)℃,C为(37.329±0.961)℃;测量时间上,A测量时间为(2.34±0.236)s,B为(1.314±0.269)s,C为(2.051±0.173)s。3种耳温计测量温度及时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05)。且3种耳温计测量≤3个月龄患儿的温度,差异有统计学意义(F=3.868,P<0.05);在3月龄以上患儿中无差异。结论:针对不同的年龄段患儿,医疗机构可依据使用成本高低、测量时间快慢等因素综合考虑进行选择。对3个月以上年龄段患儿,选择成本更低、测量时间更快的品牌B红外耳温计;对0~3月龄患儿,建议选择温度测量值更为准确的品牌A红外耳温计。

用于定标海表测温辐射计的镓黑体辐射源

设计了镓黑体对海表测温辐射计进行定标。首先,介绍了该黑体的结构与工作原理,对黑体发射率进行仿真,并开展发射率的测量实验,讨论其不确定度的来源。然后,开展了电加热和水浴加热下镓的相变复现实验,讨论电加热功率对镓相变复现的影响。最后,通过红外海面温度自主辐射计实验对该黑体进行验证。结果表明:该黑体基于蒙特卡罗软件仿真的发射率优于0.9988,实验测得的黑体辐射源发射率结果与仿真结果较为吻合,测量重复性(标准偏差)达0.1%;相变温度坪台的复现性均优于±0.03 K;相变温坪附近时,红外海面温度自主辐射计和FLUKE 1524测温仪测得的黑体腔附近温度的数据差值均在±0.15 K以内。设计的镓黑体可以应用到海表测温辐射计进行校准,为发展自主知识产权的海表测温设备提供校准源。

一种变焦红外成像测温方法

以适合大风、高温等极端天气条件下使用的固定安装式变焦测温热像仪为背景,针对连续变焦热像仪的测温问题,提出了一种变焦红外成像测温方法,在文中给出的定焦热像仪工程测温方法基础上,扩展了焦距维度,构建了变焦热像仪测温的多项式模型,并通过最优化方法计算反演参数,从而得到不同焦距时的测温结果,进一步给出了变焦测温时的数据标定方法。基于高精度黑体对自主研发的变焦热像仪进行了数据标定,分析了不同焦距时的测温精度,并进行了实验室环境和户外环境的观测试验。试验结果表明,不同焦距都可获得高精度的测温结果,达到国标要求的±2℃精度。该项成果可以在各型变焦热像仪上推广应用,提高对高压线类远距离目标的测温精度。

电机转子温度监测方法研究现状及展望

随着高速电机的发展,转子的温度已成为电机设计和健康监测的重要指标,舰船电机的强电磁工作环境、狭小的气隙、较大的旋转离心力是转子温度监测面临的难题。文中针对电机转子温度的监测方法,主要包括电阻法、红外测温法、电子类传感器测温法、半导体温敏元件法和光纤光栅测温法,阐述了各方法的原理和特点,介绍了转子温度在线监测领域的研究现状和取得的主要成果,重点聚焦光纤布拉格光栅的应用和研究进展,分析总结了各方法的适用性和存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的技术路线和发展方向。

红外测温技术在换流阀温度监测中的应用

随着工业自动化的发展,高效且准确的设备监控技术逐渐受到重视。在电力系统中,换流阀作为关键组件,其温度监测对于系统的稳定运行至关重要。基于此,文章探讨红外测温技术在换流阀温度监测中的应用及其优势。一方面,分析红外测温技术的原理和不同应用场景的需求;另一方面,展示红外测温技术在实际工业环境中的适用性和高效性。研究结果表明,应用红外测温技术能够更准确、实时地监测温度数据,对于预防设备故障和优化维护计划具有重要价值。

一种基于传感器MLX90640的红外热成像仪设计方案

通过实验法,以传感器MLX90640和单片机GD32F103为内核,搭配ILI9341显示屏,设计一款非接触式快速测温便携式的红外热成像仪器。仪器通过IIC接口实现单片机与传感器的数据交换,并将获取的红外测温温度值进行灰度转化与RGB565编码转化,最终以图像的形式显示在TFT-LCD上。如果设备检测到中心点温度高于设定阈值时可触发仪器报警,蓝牙通信模块发送异常信息到手机终端。方案证明了传感器MLX90640在红外热成像技术上的应用,在应对大流量的人员密集时具有较好的快速测温能力,且能够较精确地对当前环境进行测温监控,满足侦测隐藏式电子产品的需求。

红外测温技术在220 kV变电运行中的应用分析

随着电力系统的快速发展,确保变电站稳定、安全运行变得尤为重要。红外测温技术作为一种非接触式温度测量方法,因其高效、精确、安全的特点,在变电站的维护和故障预防中发挥了关键作用。文章首先简要阐述红外测温技术,其次介绍其在220 kV变电运行中的应用优势,再次分析该技术的应用方向,最后针对红外测温技术的具体应用案例展开分析。本研究旨在进一步促进红外测温技术在220 kV变电运行中的应用。

非制冷红外热成像测温关键技术研究

非制冷红外热成像测温过程受环境温度、测温距离和大气湿度等诸多因素影响,因此在复杂环境中实现高精度测温颇具挑战。为了满足复杂环境中精确测温的需求,分析并研究了非制冷红外热成像测温误差的主要影响因素和关键补偿技术。首先,针对非制冷红外探测器输出辐射温度易受环境影响的问题,设计了基于粒子群算法优化反向传播神经网络的非制冷红外探测器辐射温度预测算法,实现了不同工作温度下辐射温度的精确预测;其次,针对测温过程中的红外辐射大气衰减现象,设计了基于大气传输软件的近地红外辐射大气透射率计算方法,实现了大气透射率的准确、快速、便捷计算;最后,整合关键误差补偿技术形成了完整的非制冷红外热成像测温方法,并实验验证了以上关键技术对于提高红外测温精度和环境适应性的有效性。