Fine Works Cast with Ingenuity

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, in order to im plem ent the maritime power strategy, China launched the ocean survey core equipment “Da Yang Hao” and other engineering projects, CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. was selected as the “Da Yang Hao” construction unit. This is the first time that the company has undertaken the task of building a modem scientific research vessel.

Take a nice photo in front of the most beautiful golden autumn picture With ingenuity hidden inside the most amazing exhibition hall

Come and have a look at the Chinese and foreign visitors What kind of expression is on their faces?Yesterday,Themed'An Open China:Beautiful Jiangxi,Showing Her Charm to the World',A promotion event of MFA presenting Chinese provinces Was held in the'Blue Hall'of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Inside the hall,there was a

Biological characteristics of dynamic expression of nerve regeneration related growth factors in dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve injury

The regenerative capacity of peripheral nerves is limited after nerve injury.A number of growth factors modulate many cellular behaviors,such as proliferation and migration,and may contribute to nerve repair and regeneration.Our previous study observed the dynamic changes of genes in L4–6 dorsal root ganglion after rat sciatic nerve crush using transcriptome sequencing.Our current study focused on upstream growth factors and found that a total of 19 upstream growth factors were dysregulated in dorsal root ganglions at 3,9 hours,1,4,or 7 days after nerve crush,compared with the 0 hour control.Thirty-six rat models of sciatic nerve crush injury were prepared as described previously.Then,they were divided into six groups to measure the expression changes of representative genes at 0,3,9 hours,1,4 or 7 days post crush.Our current study measured the expression levels of representative upstream growth factors,including nerve growth factor,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,fibroblast growth factor 2 and amphiregulin genes,and explored critical signaling pathways and biological process through bioinformatic analysis.Our data revealed that many of these dysregulated upstream growth factors,including nerve growth factor,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,fibroblast growth factor 2 and amphiregulin,participated in tissue remodeling and axon growth-related biological processes Therefore,the experiment described the expression pattern of upstream growth factors in the dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve injury.Bioinformatic analysis revealed growth factors that may promote repair and regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves.All animal surgery procedures were performed in accordance with Institutional Animal Care Guidelines of Nantong University and ethically approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals,China(approval No.20170302-017)on March 2,2017.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals essential microRNAs after peripheral nerve injury

Studies have shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) mediate posttranscriptional regulation of target genes and participate in various physiological and pathological processes, including peripheral nerve injury. However, it is hard to select key miRNAs with essential biological functions among a large number of differentially expressed miRNAs. Previously, we collected injured sciatic nerve stumps at multiple time points after nerve crush injury, examined gene changes at different stages(acute, sub-acute, and post-acute), and obtained mRNA expression profiles. Here, we jointly analyzed mRNAs and miRNAs, and investigated upstream miRNAs of differentially expressed mRNAs using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis bioinformatic software. A total of 31, 42, 30, and 23 upstream miRNAs were identified at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after rat sciatic nerve injury, respectively. Temporal expression patterns and biological involvement of commonly involved upstream miRNAs(miR-21, let-7, miR-223, miR-10 b, miR-132, miR-15 b, miR-127, miR-29 a, miR-29 b, and miR-9) were then determined at multiple time points. Expression levels of miR-21, miR-132, miR-29 a, and miR-29 b were robustly increased after sciatic nerve injury. Biological processes involving these miRNAs include multicellular organismal response to stress, positive regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation, and regulation of myocardial tissue growth. Moreover, we constructed mechanistic networks of let-7, miR-21, and miR-223, the most significantly involved upstream miRNAs. Our findings reveal that multiple upstream miRNAs(i.e., let-7, miR-21, and miR-223) were associated with gene expression changes in rat sciatic nerve stumps after nerve injury, and these miRNAs play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province of China(approval No. 20190303-18) on March 3, 2019.

Transcriptome analysis of adherens junction pathway-related genes after peripheral nerve injury

The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The m RNA expression of ARPC1 B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1 C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.

Quantitative proteomic determination of diethylstilbestrol action on prostate cancer

Diethylstilbestrol （DES） has a direct cellular mechanism inhibition on prostate cancer. Its action is independent from the oestrogen receptors and is preserved after a first-line hormonal therapy. We aimed to identify proteins involved in the direct cellular inhibition effects of DES on prostate cancer. We used a clonogenic assay to establish the median lethal concentration of DES on 22RV1 cells. 22RV1 cells were exposed to standard and DES-enriched medium. After extraction, protein expression levels were obtained by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis （2D-DIGE） and isotope labelling tags for relative and absolute quantification （iTRAQ）. Proteins of interest were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. The differentially regulated proteins （P〈0.01） were interrogated against a global molecular network based on the ingenuity knowledge base. The 2D-DIGE analyses revealed DES-induced expression changes for 14 proteins （〉 1.3 fold; P〈0.05）. The iTRAQ analyses allowed the identification of 895 proteins. Among these proteins, 65 had a modified expression due to DES exposure （i.e., 23 overexpressed and 42 underexpressed）. Most of these proteins were implicated in apoptosis and redox processes and had a predicted mitochondrial expression. Additionally, ingenuity pathway analysis placed the OAT and HSBP1 genes at the centre of a highly significant network. RT-PCR confirmed the overexpression of OAT （P=0.006） and HSPB1 （P=0.046）.

Sequencing analysis of matrix metalloproteinase 7-induced genetic changes in Schwann cells

Previous research revealed the positive activity of matrix metalloproteinase 7(MMP7) on migration and myelin regeneration of Schwa nn cells(SCs). However, understanding of the molecular changes and biological activities induced by increased amounts of MMP7 in SCs remains limited. To better understand the underlying molecular events, primary SCs were isolated from the sciatic nerve stump of newborn rats and cultured with 10 nM human MMP7 for 24 hours. The results of genetic testing were analyzed at a relatively relaxed threshold value(fold change ≥ 1.5 and P-value < 0.05). Upon MMP7 exposure, 149 genes were found to be upregulated in SCs, whereas 133 genes were downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that many differentially expressed molecules were related to cellular processes, single-organism processes, and metabolic processes. Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis further indicated the critical involvement of cell signaling and metabolism in MMP7-induced molecular regulation of SCs. Results of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA) also revealed that MMP7 regulates biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, diseases and functions, biosynthesis, material metabolism, cell movement, and axon guidance. The outcomes of further analysis will deepen our comprehension of MMP7-induced biological changes in SCs. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China(approval No. 20190225-004) on February 27, 2019.

Prediction of Triptolide Targets in Colorectal Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

[Objectives]To investigate the potential mechanisms of action of triptolide,an active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F,in colorectal cancer(CRC).[Methods]Public databases were first searched for genes and proteins known to be associated with CRC,as well as those predicted to be targets of triptolide,and then Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)was applied to identify enriched gene pathways and networks.Networks and pathways that overlapped between CRC-associated proteins and triptolide target proteins were then used to predict candidate protein targets of triptolide in CRC.[Results]The following proteins were found to be expressed in both CRC-associated networks and triptolide target networks:JUN,FOS,CASP3,BCL2,IFNG,and VEGFA.Docking studies suggested that triptolide can fit in the binding pocket of the four top candidate triptolide target proteins(CASP3,BCL2,VEGFA and IFNG).The overlapping pathways were activation of neuroinflammation signaling,glucocorticoid receptor signaling,T helper(Th)cell differentiation,Th1/Th2 activation,and colorectal cancer metastasis signaling.[Conclusions]These results show that network pharmacology can be used to generate hypotheses about how triptolide exerts therapeutic effects in CRC.Network pharmacology may be a useful method for characterizing multi-target drugs in complex diseases.

Prediction of Apigenin Targets in Lung Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

[Objectives]To elucidate the mechanism of action of apigenin against lung cancer.[Methods]First,drug-target pathways and networks were constructed to predict potential protein targets of apigenin and their main interactions with the drug.Then,the ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA)was carried out to identify enriched gene pathways and networks,and the candidate protein targets of apigenin were predicted using networks and pathways that overlapped between proteins associated with lung cancer and proteins targeted by apigenin.[Results]Docking studies with apigenin indicated that BCL-2,CASP9,CDK2,CYCLIND1,PI3K,NF-κB,Rb1,p53,and AKT are the top candidate targets of apigenin,suggesting that the drug acts against lung cancer by regulating proteins involved in molecular mechanisms of cancer,as well as small cell lung cancer,pancreatic adenocarcinoma,glucocorticoid receptor,and p53 signaling.It was also found that apigenin affects networks mainly involved in the cell cycle,cell-to-cell signaling and interactions,hematological system development and function,cell death and survival,and organismal injury and abnormalities.[Conclusions]This study shows that network pharmacology is useful in generating hypotheses about how apigenin exerts therapeutic effects in lung cancer,as well as in discovering new multitarget drugs against other complex diseases.

Technology and Society in the Digital Era

The article discusses the emergence of some major catches throughout the present digital era. It reviews the discrepancy between the technology rate of advancement and human-beings’ ability to follow, comprehend, and adjust to it. This is, in essence, the articles’ subject matter. Several issues are analyzed about their relationships with the technological advancement. Among them are: basic knowledge and trivia, high education, human-touch decreasing, communication and media, freedom and responsibility, culture, bureaucracy, and population inquiry methods. At the last section, the social-capitalism idea is presented and proposed to be the political-economic platform of contemporary era. The proposed manifesto, which rests on collaboration, balanced activity, and common interest, refers to the following points: a. Firm’s goals should contain three elements1;b. competition is just one of other motivation factors;c. government involvement in economy is a real must;d. local and global considerations should be balanced;and e. social services The digital era/age represents a remarkable period of many technological achievements. Technical accomplishments achieved during the past 50 years, well surpassed almost all the advancements invented from the early days of history, some 5,000 years back. This achievement just demonstrates the smartness and talent, ingenuity, and wisdom of the members of Western civilization. However, it is a sad fact that since the early days of civilization, a permanent race took place between technological advancement and people or society development. This unfortunate race took place from those early days when science, philosophy, and arts were created and executed by gifted individuals that were only few and scarce until today. It is a known fact that only a small number of scholars were able to write and read the scripts of the early Egyptians or the wit of the ancient Greeks. The rest of those people, the majority, remained illiterate and ignorant. Similarly, the printing technology that was invented in the 15th century and enabled books and printed matter to be more popular and available did not terminate illiteracy. Nevertheless, 500 years had to pass until, due to public schooling, education prevailed and illiteracy was defeated. Usually, throughout history, one can see that technology advances faster and more rapidly than the ability of human beings or societies to accept, practice, and maximize their use of it. This permanent gap between two of the leading trends in manhood grows even faster during the as a security-net must be maintained. It is assumed that such a balanced policy will enable a continual course of creative prosperity combined with stable fair and happier life for all.

Informatics-based prediction of molecular networks targeted by active ingredients in Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Chinese, Danshen) is one of the most famous traditional herbs, and has been used to treat cardiovascular disease. Despite the wide application of Danshen in China, the mechanisms of its bioactive components are poorly understood. The present study used bioinformatics to identify possible mechanisms by which Danshen treats cardiovascular disease. Possible human protein targets of Danshen were identified in the PubChem database, possible human gene targets of cardiovascular disease were identified in the NCBI database, and then both sets of targets were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict molecular networks affected by Danshen in cardiovascular disease. The results suggest that signaling proteins affected by Danshen in cardiovascular disease, which include FASN, PAFAH1B2, PLA2G7, PAFAH1B3 and IL1B, are involved primarily in LXR/RXR activation, atherosclerosis signaling, hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, acute phase response signaling. The main networks affected by Danshen are predicted to involve in cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, hematological system development and function;DNA replication, recombination, and repair, cancer, hematological disease;cardiovascular disease, organismal injury and abnormalities, tissue morphology.These results identify several specific proteins and pathways that may be affected by Danshen in cardiovascular disease, and they illustrate the power of integrative bioinformatics and chemical fragment analysis for focusing mechanistic studies.

Some Remarks on the Cultivation of the Craftsmanship Spirit in the Teaching of Practical Writing

Focused on the cultivation of the craftsmanship spirit in the teaching process of the basic courses, the thesis analysis how to integrate the connotation of the craftsmanship spirit into the teaching of practical writing. By the use of comparative analysis, case studies, transposition evaluation and other methods, it illustrates the vital importance of the craftsmanship spirit in students' practical writing, their future study, work and life, and also demonstrates how to foster their ingenuity.

基于活性筛选和靶标网络预测的蒲黄和赤芍选择性抑制血小板聚集作用

目的:探讨常用活血化瘀中药抗血小板活性的激动剂选择性及可能的作用通路。方法:通过体外高通量血小板聚集实验系统评价24种常用活血化瘀中药醇提取物抗二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集活性;通过Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)预测代表性药物蒲黄与赤芍已知单体成分的作用靶点,并加以验证。结果:蒲黄抗ADP,凝血酶诱导血小板聚集的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为55.27,300.60 mg·L^(-1);赤芍抗ADP,凝血酶诱导血小板聚集的IC50分别为336.20,101.60 mg·L^(-1)。IPA预测提示,蒲黄与赤芍有可能通过调节Ca2+,环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)和一氧化氮(NO)水平抑制血小板聚集。实验发现,蒲黄可明显抑制ADP对血小板内Ca2+的升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);赤芍可显著提高凝血酶导致的血小板内NO浓度降低(P<0.01);蒲黄、赤芍均不能逆转ADP,凝血酶引起的血小板内c AMP浓度降低。结论:蒲黄和赤芍醇提物分别具有选择性抗ADP和凝血酶诱导的大鼠血小板聚集活性。与IPA预测相符,蒲黄可降低血小板内钙离子水平,赤芍可提高血小板内NO浓度,可能分别激活嘌呤能P2Y1受体下游的Gq亚基/磷脂酶C(PLC)/三磷酸肌醇(IP3)和磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)通路抑制血小板聚集。

Bioinformatics Based Therapeutic Effects of Sinomenium Acutum

Objective: To decipher the possible mechanisms of Sinomenium Acutum(SA) in treating diseases by a bioinformatics method. Methods: SA ingredients were searched according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese Medicine Dictionary and Traditional Chinese Medicines Database(TCMD). Active compounds and target proteins of SA were acquired through the Pubchem platform. Pathway, network and function analyses of SA were performed with ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA), a bioinformatics analysis platform. Disease, biofunction-target networks were established with Cytoscape. Results: Eighteen ingredients from SA were obtained. Seven active ingredients with 31 active target proteins were acquired according to PubChem Bioassay test. By IPA analysis, 277 canonical pathways belonging to 17 function categories were collected, 23 kinds of diseases, 21 categories bio-functions were obtained. Based on P value, calculated by IPA, the top 5 significant pathway of SA targets include phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt(PI3 K/Akt) signaling, prostate cancer signaling, macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) regulation of innate immunity, Guanosine-binding protein coupled receptor(GPCR) signaling, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein(ATM) signaling. Disease and bio-function network analysis indicated that mitogen activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1), MAPK3, p65 nuclear factor κB(RELA), nuclear factor of κB inhibitor alpha(NFκBIA), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2(PTGS2) and tumor protein 53(TP53) were the critical targets in various diseases treated by SA. Conclusions: In the different view of target, pathway, disease and bio-function, inflammation was found to be a central theme in many chronic conditions. SA could be used not only as an anti-inflammatory agent, but also for the treatment of cancers, neurological diseases, psychological disorders and metabolic diseases.