Preparation of Ultra-fine Salbutamol Sulfate Particles by Reactive Precipitation and Characterization of Dry Powder Inhalant

The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _

Cardiac involvement in hydrocarbon inhalant toxicity--role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging:A case report

BACKGROUND We report a patient who was diagnosed with toxic myopericarditis secondary to hydrocarbon abuse using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR).CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old male presented to emergency department with chest pain for 3 d.Patient also reported sniffing hydrocarbon containing inhalant for the last 1 year.Labs showed elevated troponin and electrocardiography was suggestive of acute pericarditis.Echocardiogram showed left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction(EF)of 40%.Given patient’s troponin elevation and reduced EF,cardiac catheterization was performed which showed normal coronaries.CMR was performed for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries evaluation.CMR showed borderline LV function with edema in mid and apical LV suggestive of myocarditis.CONCLUSION CMR can be used to diagnose toxic myopericarditis secondary to hydrocarbon abuse.

Studies on the in Vitro Dissolution of Insoluble Volatile Drug from Su-Anxin Nasal Inhalant and Its Correlation on the Nose Steady Self-Controllable Expiration and Inspiration at Night

In the paper, the in vitro dissolution of borneol in 12 hours from 6 batches of optimized inhalant samples were investigated. As a new dosage form, the in vitro release apparatus of nasal inhalant was invented and a pushing bump was used according to the simulation of the nose expiration and inspiration. Based on the data of r2 in the profile and similar factor f2 from 6 linear release tendencies, a good controlled release and a zero order tendency were observed. It can be suggested that there is a good correlation between the in vitro controlled release and the nose steady self-controllable expiration and inspiration, which will contribute to the trend of insoluble volatile drug controlled release and the effect of quick absorption in nasal pulmonary delivery to cure severe or acute cardiovascular or lung diseases at patients' sleeping, such as angina or breathing obstruction. Also, it was concluded that the prescription composed of insoluble volatile drugs can be prepared to be nasal inhalant from which drugs can be absorbed through nose steady self-controllable inspiration to the lung then into the blood and have a great effectiveness improvement of bioavailability at night timing drug delivery system.

Concentration-dependent effects of reductive pulmonary inhalants on ultrafine particle-induced oxidative stress:Insights for health risk assessment

The impact of reductive pulmonary inhalants on ultrafine particles(UFPs)-induced pulmonary oxidative stress remains a crucial consideration,yet the concentration-dependent effects of these inhalants have remained unexplored.Here we synthesized composite UFPs simulating atmospheric UFPs,primarily composed of metals and quinones.We subjected these UFPs to varying concentrations(0e7000 mM)of two reductive pulmonary inhalants,N-acetylcysteine and salbutamol,to assess their influence on oxidative potential,measured through the dithiothreitol assay(OP^(DTT)).Simultaneously,we analysed the soluble metal content of UFPs to uncover potential relationships between oxidative potential and metal solubility.Our results unveil a dual role played by these inhalants in shaping the OPDTT of composite UFPs.Specifically,OP^(DTT) generally increased as inhalant concentrations rose from 0 to 300 mM.However,an intriguing reversal occurred when concentrations exceeded 500 mM,resulting in a decline in OPDTT.Relative to untreated UFPs,these inhalants induced promotion and inhibition effects within concentration ranges of 100e500 and>1000 mM,respectively.While no significant correlation emerged between OP^(DTT) and soluble metal content as inhalant concentrations ranged from 0 to 7000 mM,noteworthy positive correlations emerged at lower inhalant concentrations(e.g.,N-acetylcysteine at 0 e300 mM).These findings provide insights into the potential influence of reductive pulmonary inhalants on health risks associated with UFP exposure,further underscoring the need for continued research in this critical area.

Nitrite inhalants use, sexual behaviors and HIV/syphilis infection among men who have sex with men in Chongqing, China

Background:Emerging evidence indicates nitrite inhalants have become increasingly prevalent among men who have sex with men(MSM).The present study aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of nitrite inhalants use and its association with risky sexual behaviors and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/syphilis infection among MSM in Chongqing,a city in China where MSM were burdened with the highest pooled HIV prevalence in the country.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chongqing between March 2019 and February 2020.Information of demographics,drug use,sexual behaviors and HIV testing was collected through an anonymous survey.Blood samples were drawn from each participant for the diagnoses of HIV and syphilis.Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors correlated with nitrite inhalants use and its relationship with risky sexual behaviors and HIV/syphilis infection.Results:Of the 1151 eligible participants,18.9%(218)reported use of at least one type of recreational drugs in the past 6 months,and nitrite inhalants were the most commonly used substance(17.7,95%confidence interval[CI]:15.6-20.2%).The proportions of participants reported engaging in group sex and practicing condomless internal ejaculation during anal sex in the past six months were 5.8%(95%CI:4.4-7.2%)and 41.7%(95%CI:38.7-44.7%),respectively.The general prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among the enrolled MSM were 16.8%(95%CI:14.7-19.0%)and 12.6%(95%CI:10.7-14.4%),respectively.Factors positively associated with nitrite inhalants use included:age<25(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.08,95%CI:1.10-3.94),monthly individual income≥CNY 3000(Chinese Yuan)(aOR=1.95,95%CI:1.18-3.22),preferring receptive anal intercourse(aOR=2.27,95%CI:1.34-3.84)and versatile anal intercourse(aOR=2.60,95%CI:1.64-4.13),age at first anal intercourse<18(aOR=1.79,95%CI:1.21-2.67),engaging in group sex in the past six months(aOR=9.34,95%CI:4.95-17.63),having multiple male sex partners in the past 6 months(aOR=2.32,95%CI:1.50-3.58),practicing CIE during anal sex in the past six months(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.19-2.46),HIV infection(aOR=1.72,95%CI:1.11-2.66)and syphilis infection(aOR=1.98,95%CI:1.23-3.17).Conclusions:This study found that nitrite inhalants were the most commonly used recreational substance among MSM and nitrite inhalants use were associated with higher probability of HIV and syphilis infection.Therefore,increased attention and counselling should be given to nitrite inhalants-using MSM.

吸入性烧伤导致的喉气管狭窄疗效分析

目的探讨成年人吸入性烧伤导致喉气管狭窄的外科治疗方法和效果。方法回顾性分析2008年9月~2022年3月就诊于西安交通大学附属红会医院,由吸入性烧伤导致的16例喉气管狭窄患者临床资料,男10例,女6例,年龄17~57岁,平均38.4岁。支撑喉镜下喉剪或激光切除瘢痕并球囊扩张4例;气道前壁加宽喉气管重建术9例,其中肋软骨加宽4例,肌皮瓣2例,甲状软骨翼板3例;气管-气管端端吻合1例,环气管吻合1例,甲状软骨气管吻合1例。结果拔管13例,拔管率81.25%(13/16),失败3例,失败率为18.75%(3/16)。T型硅胶管放置时间为9~24个月,平均12.5个月。随访3个月~10年,所有拔管者均未见复发,进食、呼吸正常。结论对于成年人吸入性烧伤导致的喉气管狭窄患者进行气道重建选择好恰当的手术时机及对应的手术方法,效果满意,T型管放置时间要长。

Threshold friction velocity influenced by soil particle size within the Columbia Plateau, northwestern United States

Wind erosion is a geomorphic process in arid and semi-arid areas and has substantial implications for regional climate and desertification.In the Columbia Plateau of northwestern United States,the emissions from fine particles of loessial soils often contribute to the exceedance of inhalable particulate matter(PM)with an aerodynamic diameter of 10μm or less(PM10)according to the air quality standards.However,little is known about the threshold friction velocity(TFV)for particles of different sizes that comprise these soils.In this study,soil samples of two representative soil types(Warden sandy loam and Ritzville silt loam)collected from the Columbia Plateau were sieved to seven particle size fractions,and an experiment was then conducted to determine the relationship between TFV and particle size fraction.The results revealed that soil particle size significantly affected the initiation of soil movement and TFV;TFV ranged 0.304-0.844 and 0.249-0.739 m/s for different particle size fractions of Ritzville silt loam and Warden sandy loam,respectively.PM10 and total suspended particulates(TSP)emissions from a bed of 63-90μm soil particles were markedly higher for Warden sandy loam than for Ritzville silt loam.Together with the lower TFV of Warden sandy loam,dust emissions from fine particles(<100μm in diameter)of Warden sandy loam thus may be a main contributor to dust in the region's atmosphere,since the PM10 emissions from the soil erosion surfaces and its ensuing suspension within the atmosphere constitute an essential process of soil erosion in the Columbia Plateau.Developing and implementing strategic land management practices on sandy loam soils is therefore necessary to control dust emissions in the Columbia Plateau.

Standardized Management of Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage after Percutaneous Pulmonary Vein Intervention

Introduction:Pulmonary hemorrhage(PHm)is a life-threatening complication that can occur after catheter-based interventions in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis(PVS).Inhaled racemic epinephrine(iRE)and tra-nexamic acid(iTXA)have been used in other conditions,but a standardized approach in PVS has not been described.We aimed to describe the current management of PHm after PVS catheter-based interventions.Methods:We present a retrospective review of episodes of PHm from July 2022 to February 2024.PHm was defined as frank blood suctioned from the endotracheal tube including blood-tinged secretions and>3%decrease in saturations and/or ventilatory changes with or without acute chest X-ray changes.Each individual episode of PHm was considered a separate event.Incidence was calculated based on the total number of PVS interventions during the study period.Results:Eleven episodes of PHm were identified out of 108 PVS interventions,resulting in an incidence of 10.2%.Five(45.5%)had primary PVS,and seven(63.6%)had bilateral PVS.The median age at PHm was 23 months(3-91 months).Four episodes were treated with iRE,five with both iRE and iTXA,and two with only iTXA due to a history of suprasystemic right ventricular pressures.Median time on mechanical ventila-tion after PHm was 24 h(15-72 h)and a median ICU stay of 2 days(1-8 days).Hemostasis was achieved in all events.There were no adverse events after iTXA,however,transient hypertension was observed after iRE which was dose-related.Conclusions:The implementation of a standardized protocol for the treatment of PHm in PVS has the potential to improve procedural planning,has a wider availability of medications,and greater awareness by the providers involved,possibly leading to earlier detection of PHm and appropriate treatment.

Factors influencing agitation during anesthesia recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair under total inhalation combined with caudal block anesthesia

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications such as wound reopening and bleeding.There is limited research on the risk factors for this agitation,and few effective tools exist to predict it.Therefore,by integrating clinical data,we have developed nomograms and random forest predictive models to help clinicians predict and potentially prevent EA.AIM To establish a risk nomogram prediction model for EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery under total inhalation combined with sacral block anesthesia.METHODS Based on the clinical information of 300 patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia surgery in the Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital,Guangxi,from January 2020 to June 2023,the patients were divided into two groups according to their sedation-agitation scale score,i.e.,the EA group(≥5 points)and the non-EA group(≤4 points),during anesthesia recovery.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the key features that predict EA,and incorporating them into logistic regression analysis to obtain potential pre-dictive factors and establish EA nomogram and random forest risk prediction models through R software.RESULTS Out of the 300 patients,72 had agitation during anesthesia recovery,with an incidence of 24.0%.American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,solid food fasting time,clear liquid fasting time,indwelling catheter,and pain level upon awakening are key predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery with total intravenous anesthesia and caudal block anesthesia.The nomogram predicts EA with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.947,a sensi-tivity of 0.917,and a specificity of 0.877,whereas the random forest model has an AUC of 0.923,a sensitivity of 0.912,and a specificity of 0.877.Delong’s test shows no significant difference in AUC between the two models.Clinical decision curve analysis indicates that both models have good net benefits in predicting EA,with the nomogram effective within the threshold of 0.02 to 0.96 and the random forest model within 0.03 to 0.90.In the external model validation of 50 cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery,both models predicted EA.The nomogram model had a sensitivity of 83.33%,specificity of 86.84%,and accuracy of 86.00%,while the random forest model had a sensitivity of 75.00%,specificity of 78.95%,and accuracy of 78.00%,suggesting that the nomogram model performs better in predicting EA.CONCLUSION Independent predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair with total intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal block include American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,duration of solid food fasting,duration of clear liquid fasting,presence of an indwelling catheter,and pain level upon waking.The nomogram and random forest models based on these factors can help tailor clinical decisions in the future.

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired pneumonia.Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted.AIM To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor production.METHODS A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited:30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic treatment.Outcome measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines,CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after treatment.Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and Th1/Th2 levels,and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after treatment.The total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75%and 85.00%,respectively,which was a significant difference(P=0.003).CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in children.The mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Tiotropium Bromide Combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Inhalation in Treating COPD

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to the hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were selected as samples for this study.The patients were divided into a combination group and a conventional group using the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.The patients in the combination group were treated with TB combined with BUD/FM inhalation,whereas the patients in the conventional group were treated with BUD/FM inhalation only.The treatment efficacy and changes in lung function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After three months of treatment,all lung function indicators of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining TB with BUD/FM inhalation therapy increases the efficacy of treatment for patients with COPD.Besides,it also improves lung function and leads to a better prognosis.

Home-Nebulized Inhaled Glucocorticoid Therapy in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of home-nebulized inhaled glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric respiratory diseases.Methods:60 cases of children with respiratory diseases admitted between October 2022 and October 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,30 cases each.The control group was provided with conventional treatment only,while the observation group was provided with home-nebulized inhalation glucocorticosteroid treatment,and the treatment effects,clinical symptom relief time,disease recurrence rate,and treatment satisfaction of the children’s families were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:A comparison of the two groups in terms of gender and age showed that the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).In terms of clinical efficacy,the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 66.67%(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the disappearance time of the clinical symptoms of the observed group was significantly shortened(P<0.05).In addition,the satisfaction scores of the families of the children in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Home-nebulized inhalation glucocorticoid therapy shows significant clinical efficacy in pediatric respiratory diseases,significantly reduces the time of disappearance of clinical symptoms,and improves the satisfaction of patients’families,which provides an effective treatment option for children.

EFFECT OF INHALED NANO-TiO_2 ON LUNG AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF MICE

The effect of inhaled nano-TiO2 on lung histology and serum biochemical indexes is evaluated in healthy and adult Kunming mice（eight in each group）after exposure to TiO2 aerosols（1 500 mg/m3）in a sealed chamber.Another eight mice are exposed to indoor air to be served as a control group.Lung tissue and blood are collected after euthanizing the animals.The results show that lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）activity increases in all experimental groups.Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）activity and blood urea nitrogen（BUN）levels are increased in the group exposed to TiO2 aerosols for 28 d,and creatinine（Cr）levels are increased in 14 d and 28 d samples（P0.05）.No obvious changes are observed in other serum indexes.Lungs of mice exposed to 28 d exposure show significant but moderate increase in pulmonary inflammation,and many TiO2 particles are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli.

吸入用N-乙酰半胱氨酸雾化治疗在急性鼻窦炎中的疗效和炎症指标的临床观察

目的 观察吸入用N-乙酰半胱氨酸雾化在急性鼻窦炎患者中的疗效,分析其对鼻呼出气一氧化氮(nasal nitric oxide,nNO)和炎症指标的影响。方法 选取就诊于绵阳市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科急性鼻窦炎患者164例,采用随机对照和自身对照方法,观察两组治疗效果,并比较两组治疗前、后各症状视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、鼻内镜检查Lund-Kennedy评分、nNO含量、炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10)水平、血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)水平。结果 实验组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后VAS和Lund-Kennedy评分显著降低(P<0.05)、炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10)和两项感染指标水平均显著下降(P<0.05),但上述指标比较实验组改变较为显著(P<0.05)。结论 吸入用N-乙酰半胱氨酸能促进急性鼻窦炎患者nNO释放、降低炎症因子和全身感染指标,提高治疗效果。

吸入用布地奈德混悬液联合水溶性全吸收多糖纤维素在鼻-鼻窦炎术后运用

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病及多发病,特别是伴发鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的发病率仍很高。如何减少复发是困扰很多临床医师的难题。我科将吸入用布地奈德混悬液联合水溶性全吸收多糖纤维素应用于鼻-鼻窦炎术后填塞,局部用药,安全有效。1.1一般资料。慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉伴变应性鼻炎患者80例,男56例,女24例,年龄28-60岁,平均年龄46.4岁,病程2-10年,符合慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断标准,

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者应用皮质类固醇激素后出现骨折或骨质疏松的风险分析

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的治疗通常包括长期应用皮质类固醇激素。这些药物经口服应用后,会增加骨质疏松和骨折的风险。但是吸入性应用皮质类固醇激素是否会增加类似的风险,是我们研究的主要目的。通过对658例COPD患者历经3年的跟踪研究，我们认为：应用吸人性皮质类固醇药物或者不应用该药，对COPD患者骨密度的影响的差异不明显。

耳内镜联合七氟醚吸入麻醉用于儿童耵聍取出术

研究回顾性分析门诊耵聍栓塞患儿在硬性耳内镜联合七氟醚吸入麻醉下,应用耳科显微手术器械进行耵聍取出术。

Inhaling muscle spray: A rising trend of abuse

Ethyl chloride was popular as an inhalant recreational drug in the 1980s.It is easily available in pharmacies as well as sold online as a topical anesthetic spray for pain relief.In recent times,its use is gaining popularity again among the youth as an inhalant drug due to its neuro-stimulatory effects.To avoid the risks associated with use of illegal drugs,and ease of availability of ethyl chloride without restrictions,there is a rising trend to use it as a“substitute”drug of abuse.In this paper,we try to highlight to the critical care and emergency physicians that majority of these cases present with predominant neurological symptoms,with occasional involvement of the cardiovascular system.The diagnosis of ethyl chloride poisoning is primarily clinical and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment,along with subsequent counseling.Ethyl chloride abuse should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients presenting with predominant neurological symptoms.Alongside raising public awareness,the manufacturers and retail distributors of these products have an important role to play in reducing the risk of abuse.

Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review

Nowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to treat several diseases. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by various methods. It came into existence after the scientists deciphered the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Inhalation, local application and baths are the major methods used in aromatherapy that utilize these oils to penetrate the human skin surface with marked aura. Once the oils are in the system, they remodulate themselves and work in a friendly manner at the site of malfunction or at the affected area. This type of therapy utilizes various permutation and combinations to get relief from numerous ailments like depression, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, respiratory problems, skin ailments, swollen joints, urine associated complications etc. The essential oils are found to be more beneficial when other aspects of life and diet are given due consideration. This review explores the information available in the literature regarding therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, psychological, olfactory, massage aromatherapy, safety issues and different plants used in aromatherapy. All the available information was compiled from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Google Scholar, PubM ed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search.

Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury

AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Group A,n = 15);septic shock group(Group B,n = 15);early fluid resuscitation-treated septic shock group(Group C,n = 15);and early fluid resuscitation and inhalation of 2% hydrogentreated septic shock group(Group D,n = 15).The activity of hydroxyl radicals,myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),diamine oxidase(DAO),and the concentration of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the lung and intestinal tissue were assessed according to the corresponding kits.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathology of the lung and intestine.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung and intestine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The expression levels of Fas and Bcl2 in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS:Septic shock elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA(10.17 ± 1.12 nmol/mg protein vs 2.98 ± 0.64 nmol/mg protein) and MPO(6.79 ± 1.02 U/g wet tissue vs 1.69 ± 0.14 U/g wet tissue) in lung tissues.These effects were not significantly decreased by Group C pretreatment,but were significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment(MDA:4.45 ± 1.13 nmol/mg protein vs 9.56 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein;MPO:2.58 ± 0.21 U/g wet tissue vs 6.02 ± 1.16 U/g wet tissue).The activity of SOD(250.32 ± 8.56 U/mg protein vs 365.78 ± 10.26 U/mg protein) in lung tissues was decreased after septic shock,and was not significantly increased by Group C pretreatment,but was significantly enhanced by Group D pretreatment(331.15 ± 9.64 U/mg protein vs 262.98 ± 5.47 U/mg protein).Histological evidence of lung hemorrhage,neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α was observed in lung tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further alleviated by Group D pretreatment.Septic shock also elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA,MPO and DAO(6.54 ± 0.68 kU/L vs 4.32 ± 0.33 kU/L) in intestinal tissues,all of which were further increased by Group C,but significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment.Increased Chiu scoring and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in intestinal tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further attenuated by Group D pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation may protect the lung and intestine of the septic shock rats from the damage induced by oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction.