Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibi...Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.展开更多
目的:检测腺病毒介导的生长抑制基因4(adenovirus-mediated inhibitor of growth family member 4,Ad-ING4)感染后ECV304细胞体外生长及分泌血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的影响,探讨ING4抑制肿瘤生长的...目的:检测腺病毒介导的生长抑制基因4(adenovirus-mediated inhibitor of growth family member 4,Ad-ING4)感染后ECV304细胞体外生长及分泌血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的影响,探讨ING4抑制肿瘤生长的可能机制。方法:构建ING4腺病毒载体,用MTT法检测Ad-ING4感染后ECV304细胞体外生长影响,ELISA检测VEGF的分泌情况。结果:Ad-ING4感染后第3天和第4天ECV304细胞体外生长均受到抑制(P<0.01),第4天时抑制率达63.6%,VEGF分泌受到抑制。结论:ING4能抑制ECV304细胞生长及VEGF分泌。Ad-ING4能抑制血管内皮细胞生长和血管的生成,从而可抑制体内肿瘤的生长。展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the biological and clinical characteristics of miR-622 in gastric cancer. METHODS:We analyzed the expression of miR-622 in 57 pair matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by quan...AIM:To evaluate the biological and clinical characteristics of miR-622 in gastric cancer. METHODS:We analyzed the expression of miR-622 in 57 pair matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of miR-622 expression was assessed in vitro in gastric cancer cell lines with miR-622 precursor and inhibitor. The roles of miR-622 in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis were analyzed using a stable miR-622 expression plasmid in nude mice. A luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the effect of miR-622 on inhibitor of growth family,member 1 (ING1) expression. RESULTS:Expression of miR-622 was down-regulated in gastric cancer. MiR-622 was found involved in differentia-tion and lymphatic metastasis in human gastric cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-622 promoted invasion,tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. ING1 is a direct target of miR-622. CONCLUSION:These findings help clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis and indicate that miR-622 modulation may be a bona fide treatment of gastric cancer.展开更多
生长抑制因子家族(inhibitor of growth family,ING)ING1-ING5,被认为是候选肿瘤抑制基因家族,ING3(inhibitor of growth family member 3)在人类正常组织中广泛表达,在多数恶性肿瘤中ING3表达下调,如头颈部鳞状细胞癌、人皮肤恶性黑色...生长抑制因子家族(inhibitor of growth family,ING)ING1-ING5,被认为是候选肿瘤抑制基因家族,ING3(inhibitor of growth family member 3)在人类正常组织中广泛表达,在多数恶性肿瘤中ING3表达下调,如头颈部鳞状细胞癌、人皮肤恶性黑色素瘤、肝癌等,并且起到抑制肿瘤发生发展的作用。然而,新近的研究发现,ING3促进了前列腺癌的发展。本文将对ING3在不同类型的恶性肿瘤中可能起到不同的作用作一综述。展开更多
基金a Ph D fellowship by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciência Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/135868/2018)(to SSC)。
文摘Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
文摘目的:检测腺病毒介导的生长抑制基因4(adenovirus-mediated inhibitor of growth family member 4,Ad-ING4)感染后ECV304细胞体外生长及分泌血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的影响,探讨ING4抑制肿瘤生长的可能机制。方法:构建ING4腺病毒载体,用MTT法检测Ad-ING4感染后ECV304细胞体外生长影响,ELISA检测VEGF的分泌情况。结果:Ad-ING4感染后第3天和第4天ECV304细胞体外生长均受到抑制(P<0.01),第4天时抑制率达63.6%,VEGF分泌受到抑制。结论:ING4能抑制ECV304细胞生长及VEGF分泌。Ad-ING4能抑制血管内皮细胞生长和血管的生成,从而可抑制体内肿瘤的生长。
基金Supported by Grants from Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (2003-23)Key Research Project from Shan-dong Science and Technology Commission, No. 2005GG3202066
文摘AIM:To evaluate the biological and clinical characteristics of miR-622 in gastric cancer. METHODS:We analyzed the expression of miR-622 in 57 pair matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of miR-622 expression was assessed in vitro in gastric cancer cell lines with miR-622 precursor and inhibitor. The roles of miR-622 in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis were analyzed using a stable miR-622 expression plasmid in nude mice. A luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the effect of miR-622 on inhibitor of growth family,member 1 (ING1) expression. RESULTS:Expression of miR-622 was down-regulated in gastric cancer. MiR-622 was found involved in differentia-tion and lymphatic metastasis in human gastric cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-622 promoted invasion,tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. ING1 is a direct target of miR-622. CONCLUSION:These findings help clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis and indicate that miR-622 modulation may be a bona fide treatment of gastric cancer.
文摘生长抑制因子家族(inhibitor of growth family,ING)ING1-ING5,被认为是候选肿瘤抑制基因家族,ING3(inhibitor of growth family member 3)在人类正常组织中广泛表达,在多数恶性肿瘤中ING3表达下调,如头颈部鳞状细胞癌、人皮肤恶性黑色素瘤、肝癌等,并且起到抑制肿瘤发生发展的作用。然而,新近的研究发现,ING3促进了前列腺癌的发展。本文将对ING3在不同类型的恶性肿瘤中可能起到不同的作用作一综述。
