Review of gas-solid two phase flow rate-concentration detection technology

The indirect detection method basic principle of rate and concentration,application range and research results on gassolid two phase flow were discussed.The present development situation and the existing problems of rate and concentration detection technology were analyzed and summarized.Emphatically analyzed the existing problems in the industrial application and research status of electrostatic method in measuring phase concentration.Design criterion of electrostatic phase concentration sensor is given,the superiority and wide industrial application prospect of the sensor used for phase concentration measurement are clarified.

An aquifer model with a parameter characterizing the inhomogeneity of media

A fissured aquifer model used in petroleum engineering has been studied by the author. It is found that thefissure-induced inhomogeneity which appeared in reservoir media can be expressed by a delay timeτ whichcharacterizes the process of transition from unsteady to steady seepage flow. Comparison between the fissured aquifer model mentioned above and corresponding homogeneous media is given in this paper. The expression of the characteristic delay timeτis independently derived by using the fissured porous media modeland by solving the characteristic time of an one-dimensioned diffusion equation in turn. The result shows thatthe τ value is in direct proportion to L2. L is the average size of aquifer rock blocks cut by fissures network.The larger the L value, the longer the fissures is and the less the density of fissure is. For identifying the inhomogeneity manifestation of aquifer, a criterion related with the characteristic time of external force action isproposed. In addition, a suggestion on the in-situ measurement of the new aquifer parameter, the 1 value, isgiven.

CROSS-CORRELATION MEASURING SYSTEM FOR MEASURING VELOCITY OF BULK MATERIAL FLOW IN PIPE LINE

In this paper the cross correlation technique for measuring velocity of bulk material flow in pipe line was investigated and a new capacitance transducer with converter has been introduced. The system was controlled by single chip computer with a real-time cross correlation cumputing software. Computing time reaches 1 sec and velocity measuring error is less than 1%.

采空区瓦斯与大气两相混溶扩散模型及其求解

基于两相混溶气体渗流–扩散方程,建立了非均质采空区瓦斯涌出与风流交换的模型,用迎风式Galerkin数值方法求解,以可视化方式直观描绘了回采中采空区瓦斯的运移与分布的流体力学原理,采空区瓦斯源用负指数衰减函数描述。在力学处理上,对不透气顶、底板采空区的瓦斯涌出用可压缩两相气体混溶来考虑,流态(速度场)计算则用不可压缩气体渗流求解,由此可克服了以往采用不可压缩气体渗流–扩散模型计算瓦斯分布结果中因“超饱和”解所带来的误差和失真问题。给出增大风量后瓦斯分布的算例,由此反映出工作面风压与采空区内部瓦斯压力的动态平衡性。与单相流计算结果对比,在风流流速相对较高的情况下,两者的瓦斯分布结果基本一致,反之则差别很大,算例中开始出现差别的临界风速为0.091m/min,在采空区深部处瓦斯分布显著不同。

气液两相条件下进口含气率对离心泵相似定律的影响

为了研究气液两相条件下离心泵相似定律的适用性,选用NKG65-50-140型直联式单级单吸离心泵,基于试验和数值模拟方法对其进行研究。首先搭建了气液两相流开式试验台,进行了3种转速、不同进口含气率条件下模型泵性能试验;然后采用Eulerian-Eulerian非均相流模型、由空气和水作为工作介质进行了数值模拟,得到了3种转速、不同进口含气率条件下叶轮内的流动情况和气相分布情况。研究结果表明:进口含气率通过影响气体在叶轮内的分布而影响旋转叶轮与液体能量交换能力,从而影响气液两相流相似定律的适用性;同一流量系数时进口含气率越大,相似定律的适用性就越差;随着转速的降低,气体分布呈现从叶片顶尖、叶轮流道中部和蜗壳隔舌处移动的趋势,特别是进口含气率大于0.03后,气体更易堵塞流道。最后通过对比试验结果和数值模拟结果,验证了低进口含气率下所采用的计算模型和方法基本可靠,为泵设计提供了理论指导。

高速潜水轴流泵固液两相流及磨损特性研究

为探讨高速潜水轴流泵输送含沙水时叶轮的磨损情况,采用Particle非均相流模型和Finnie磨损模型对高速潜水轴流泵内固液两相流进行数值模拟,揭示了不同流量和颗粒直径条件下高速潜水轴流泵叶轮流道内的两相流动规律。结果表明:在叶片压力面上,固相颗粒主要集中于出口处和靠近轮毂处;在叶片吸力面上,固相颗粒主要集中在进口处;随着流量的增大,在压力面上,固相颗粒分布范围有所减小,但是固相体积分数相对提高,导致磨损程度也相应的增大;在叶片压力面中间流线处,流量为400 m^(3)/h时,叶片进口和出口附近固相体积分数较大,其中叶片出口附近达到最大为26%;在轮毂流线处,叶片进口的固相体积分数在流量为300 m^(3)/h时最大,为20.6%,叶片出口附近的固相体积分数在流量为400 m^(3)/h时最大,为41.1%;随着固相颗粒粒径的增大,颗粒运动速度从23.80 m/s增大至24.89 m/s,运动轨迹向轮缘处靠近,叶片压力面出口处、轮毂处以及吸力面进口处磨损明显增大。

考虑扁管换热的平行流蒸发器制冷剂两相分配特性

考虑换热扁管中制冷剂的相变过程,采用SST(shear stress transm ission)k⁃ω湍流模型和Eulerian-Eulerian两相流模型对平行流蒸发器内的制冷剂两相分配特性进行研究。发现制冷剂质量流量和入口干度的增加均会导致制冷剂分配均匀性下降:当制冷剂质量流量从15g·s^(-1)增加到25 g·s^(-1),入口干度从0增加到0.3时,总流量分配不均匀指标分别升高39.4%和50.8%。适当增加出口集管内径和蒸发器长宽比有利于改善制冷剂分配的均匀性:出口集管内径增加一倍,总流量分配不均匀指标降低41.8%;长宽比从1.005增大到1.455,制冷剂分配不均匀指标降低21.6%。

基于CFD技术的调速型液力偶合器两相流分析方法研究

调速型液力偶合器广泛应用于重型刮板输送机的软启动,当处于部分充液状态时,工作腔内流体为复杂的气-液两相环流运动。为了对调速型液力偶合器内流场两相流分布特性进行分析,应用计算流体动力学软件CFX,对单流道流场采用混合出、入口及边界循环条件,分别基于CFX软件中的均一化和非均一化两相流动假设对20%,50%,80%充液率时的工况进行了内流场数值模拟,获得了2种两相流动假设下不同充液率及不同速比下的转矩传递特性曲线,并重点分析了采用非均一化两相流模型时的体积率的分布特性。CFD分析结果很好地实现了对工作腔内气-液两相环流在不同工况下的分布特性与转矩传递特性的预测,为调速型液力偶合器的选型与设计提供了可靠的数值计算方法与理论依据。

极不均匀电场下油纸绝缘结构的气泡运动特性

油纸绝缘结构中存在气泡时会导致周围电场畸变,引起局部放电。为明确变压器油中气泡运动特性,基于有限元仿真的方法,研究了气泡在不同电场强度下的运动轨迹及竖直方向速度变化。结果表明:极不均匀电场对气泡具有推离和拉伸作用,随电场强度增加气泡在水平方向偏移距离增加;气泡的运动速度先快速上升后缓慢振荡衰减且上浮末期振荡频率降低,气泡在针电极附近时速度随电场强度增加而降低,但整个上浮运动速度提高。搭建了极不均匀电场下油纸绝缘结构中气泡运动观测平台,拍摄记录了气泡在不同电场中的运动轨迹,观测结果与仿真基本相符。但随着电场强度不断提高,针电极下方易形成簇状气泡,严重影响绝缘性能。研究结果可有效评估电力设备运行状态,对进一步构建油浸式电力设备数字孪生体具有重要的意义。

Comparative study of two fluid model and dense discrete phase model for simulations of gas-solid hydrodynamics in circulating fluidized beds

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become a valuable tool to study the complex gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed(CFB).Based on the two fluid model(TFM)under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework and the dense discrete phase model(DDPM)under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework,this work conducts the comparative study of the gas-solid hydrodynamics in a CFB riser by these two different models.Results show that DDPM could be used to predict gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed,and there are differences between TFM and DDPM,especially in the radial distribution profiles of solid phase.Sensitivity analysis results show that the gas-solid drag model exhibits significant effects on the results for both the two models.The specularity coefficient and the restitution coefficient in the TFM,as well as the reflection coefficient and the parcel number in the DDPM,exhibit less impact on the simulated results.

Modeling and simulation of chemically reacting flows in gas-solid catalytic and non-catalytic processes

This paper gives an overview of the recent development of modeling and simulation of chemically react- ing flows in gas-solid catalytic and non-catalytic processes. General methodology has been focused on the Eulerian-Lagrangian description of particulate flows, where the particles behave as the catalysts or the reactant materials. For the strong interaction between the transport phenomena （i.e., momentum, heat and mass transfer） and the chemical reactions at the particle scale, a cross-scale modeling approach, i.e., CFD-DEM or CFD-DPM, is established for describing a wide variety of complex reacting flows in multiphase reactors, Representative processes, including fluid catalytic cracking （FCC）, catalytic conversion of syngas to methane, and coal pyrolysis to acetylene in thermal plasma, are chosen as case studies to demonstrate the unique advantages of the theoretical scheme based on the integrated particle-scale information with clear physical meanings, This type of modeling approach provides a solid basis for understanding the multiphase reacting flow problems in general.

Modeling of Three-Phase Flow and Interface Deformation of Metal/Bath in Aluminum Reduction Cell With Cathode Protrusion

Stabilizing the interface wave of the molten aluminum(metal)-electrolyte(bath)is beneficial to shorten the anode-cathode distance(ACD)which is critical to the energy saving.A coupled mathematical model was developed to study the impact of the novel cathode protrusion on the molten fluid motion as well as the metal-bath interface deformation.The molten fluid motion in the aluminum reduction ceils is under the combined effect of the electro-magnetic forces(EMFs)and the gas bubbles generated at the anode.A transient inhomogeneous three-phase model(metal-bath-gas bubble)was established in order to calculate more accurate.The results indicate that the metal-bath interface deformation can be reduced significantly by the novel cathode protrusion which is beneficial to the electric energy saving.Besides,The EMFs decreases as a result of the optimizing of the magnetic field due to the novel cathode convex which is an important driving force for the deformation of the interface.In addition,large vortex in the metal flow field is break up into the small vortex by the cathode protrusion and then dissipated due to the viscous force and the hindering effect of the cathode protrusion.The quantity of the vortex as well as the strength of the vortex reduces significantly in the reduction cell with novel cathode protrusion.

Computation of pressure drop for dilute gas-solid suspension across thin and thick orifices

The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.

Particle Measurement Sensor for in situ determination of phase structure of fluidized bed

Based on three-dimensional （3D） acceleration sensing, an intelligent particle spy capable of detecting, transferring, and storing data, is proposed under the name of Particle Measurement Sensor （PMS）. A prototype 60-mm-dia PMS was tested to track its freefall in terms of velocity and displacement, and served as a particle spy in a fluidized bed delivering the in situ acceleration information it detects. With increasing superficial gas velocity in the fluidized bed, the acceleration felt by PMS was observed to increase. The variance of the signals, which reflect the fluctuation, increased at first, reaching a maximum at the gas velocity （Uc） which marks the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization. Through probability density distribution （PDD） analysis, the PDD peak can be divided into the emulsion phase peak and the bubble phase peak. The average acceleration of emulsion and bubble phase increased, while the variance of both phases reached a maximum at Uc, at the same time. However, the difference between the variances of two phases reached the maximum at Uc. Findings of this study indicate that PMS can record independent in situ information. Further, it can provide other in situ measurements when equipped with additional multi-functional sensors.

A numerical investigation into the solids phase chromatography using a combined continuous and discrete approach

Solids phase chromatography for particle classification is based on different retention times of particles with different properties when they are elutriated through a confined geometry. This work aims at a fundamental understanding of such a technology by using the combined continuous and discrete method. A packed bed is employed as the model confined geometry. The numerical method is compared first with experimental observations, followed by a parametric analysis of the effects on the flow hydrodynamics and solids behaviour of various parameters including the number of injected particles, the superficial gas velocity, the contact stiffness and the diameter ratio of the packed column to the packed particles. The results show that the modelling captures some important features of the flow of an injected pulse of fine particles in a packed bed. An increase in the number of injected particles or the superficial gas velocity reduces the retention time, whereas the contact stiffness does not show much effect over the range of 5 × 10^2 to 5× 10^4 N/m. It is also found that the effect on the retention time of the diameter ratio of the packed column to the packed particles seems complex showing a non-monotonous dependence.

轴流泵固液两相数值模拟及磨损特性研究

为研究轴流泵输送含沙水时过流部件的磨损情况,基于ANSYS CFX软件,应用非均相流模型和粒子模型,对轴流泵内固液两相流场进行数值模拟.重点分析了过流部件壁面处固相体积分数分布、固相滑移速度、体积分数分布及滑移速度与过流部件磨损的关系.结果表明:固相颗粒主要集中于叶片头部和叶片工作面,导致了叶片工作面磨损速度大于背面,并以进口头部的磨损破坏最为显著;固相滑移速度方向的不同,造成了叶片头部和叶片表面磨损类型的不同;固相滑移速度大的地方,固相体积分数较大,过流部件的磨损较为严重;在相同固相体积分数下,叶片工作面固相滑移速度大于背面;在叶片表面的同一部位,固相滑移速度均随着固相体积分数和颗粒直径的增大而增大,大颗粒对过流部件的磨损更为严重.

稠密气固两相QL-EMMS曳力模型及改进

通过引入颗粒加速度,改进现有EMMS曳力模型中的颗粒受力平衡关系,耦合流动的整体参数、局部参数与曳力,提出了基于流态化多尺度最小能量原理的QL-EMMS曳力模型。实验检验表明,模型精度高,普适性好。进一步采用O-S经验曳力模型的单峰函数,修正了颗粒团直径公式,改进后的QL-EMMSn模型更加合理地体现了非均匀曳力变化的主要特征。

入口含气率对深海多相混输泵性能影响研究

该文以标准状态下的水(连续相)和空气(离散相)作为流动介质,基于Eulerian-Eulerian非均相流模型,在不同进口含气率工况下对离心式深海多相混输泵内部流动特性进行数值模拟计算,研究离心式深海多相流混输泵的内部流动特性。通过获得叶轮和扩压器内部相态分布情况以及液相速度流线图,探索气液两相流在混输泵内部的流动规律。结果显示:气液两相工况下,混输泵从首级到末级的增压能力变化趋势相同,不同含气率下,末级混输泵的增压能力变化更大,含气率越高对增压能力影响越大;在低含气率下整个流道内的气相分布很均匀,气相更多聚集在叶片吸力面及出口边附近且有沿着叶片吸力面向叶轮出口运动的趋势,当进口含气率大于10%后,叶轮流道内叶片吸力面处出现较为明显的相态分离现象;不同含气率下叶轮和扩压器内压力脉动幅值变化趋势相似,幅值随着含气率的增加不断上升,通过实验结果验证了数值计算所采用的计算模型和方法是可靠的。

空气入水射流的非均相多尺寸组法数值研究

该文将欧拉-欧拉两流体模型和非均相多尺寸组方法耦合,对空气垂直向上喷入水中的射流进行了数值研究。由于气相以气泡的形式存在,模型将气相和液相分别作为分散相和连续相,分散气相进一步分为两个速度组,每个速度组又分为三个尺寸组,每个速度组具有一组动量方程,每个尺寸组具有一个连续方程;采用融合破裂模型以考虑不同尺寸组间气泡的相互转换;采用气泡拽力模型、升力模型和湍流分散力模型来考虑气液两相间的相互作用。计算结果与文献中已有的实验结果对比表明,在该文考察的模型参数范围内,气泡破裂系数取1,气泡融合系数取4时,非均相多尺寸组方法可以准确预测含气率在轴向和径向的分布,并可以给出合理的气泡大小分布。