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Preliminary discussion on the ignition mechanism of exploding foil initiators igniting boron potassium nitrate 被引量:1
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作者 Haotian Jian Guoqiang Zheng +4 位作者 Lejian Chen Zheng Ning Guofu Yin Peng Zhu Ruiqi Shen 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期222-231,共10页
Exploding foil initiator(EFI)is a kind of advanced device for initiating explosives,but its function is unstable when it comes to directly igniting pyrotechnics.To solve the problem,this research aims to reveal the ig... Exploding foil initiator(EFI)is a kind of advanced device for initiating explosives,but its function is unstable when it comes to directly igniting pyrotechnics.To solve the problem,this research aims to reveal the ignition mechanism of EFIs directly igniting pyrotechnics.An oscilloscope,a photon Doppler velocimetry,and a plasma spectrum measurement system were employed to obtain information of electric characteristics,impact pressure,and plasma temperature.The results of the electric characteristics and the impact pressure were inconsistent with ignition results.The only thing that the ignition success tests had in common was that their plasma all had a relatively long period of high-temperature duration(HTD).It eventually concludes that the ignition mechanism in this research is the microconvection heat transfer rather than the shock initiation,which differs from that of exploding foil initiators detonating explosives.Furthermore,the methods for evaluating the ignition success of semiconductor bridge initiators are not entirely applicable to the tests mentioned in this paper.The HTD is the critical parameter for judging the ignition success,and it is influenced by two factors:the late time discharge and the energy of the electric explosion.The longer time of the late time discharge and the more energy of the electric explosion,the easier it is to expand the HTD,which improves the probability of the ignition success. 展开更多
关键词 Exploding foil initiator PDV Plasma spectrum ignition mechanism Boron potassium nitrate
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Spontaneous ignition of corrugated cardboard under dynamic high radiant flux
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作者 Liu Liu Yan Gu +10 位作者 Hong Yang Xing Wang Yang Zhou Xiaogan Dai Yong Han Shanggang Wen Ming Li Congmei Lin Changgen Feng Fei Tang Yushi Wen 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期65-77,共13页
Understanding the response of solid combustibles under high radiant fluxes is critical in predicting the thermal damage from extreme scenarios.Unlike the more moderate radiant fluxes in conventional hydrocarbon fires,... Understanding the response of solid combustibles under high radiant fluxes is critical in predicting the thermal damage from extreme scenarios.Unlike the more moderate radiant fluxes in conventional hydrocarbon fires,extreme events such as strong explosion,concentrated sunlight and directed energy can generate dynamic radiant fluxes at the MW/m^(2) level,creating a unique threat to materials.This study investigates the pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition behaviors of corrugated cardboard by using both experimental and numerical methods,under 10-cm dynamic high radiant fluxes ranging from 0.2 to 1.25 MW/m^(2) for 10 s.The spontaneous ignition process at dynamic high radiant fluxes was recorded and quantified.Two ignition modes were found at the critical radiant flux of 0.4 MW/m^(2),namely hot-gas spontaneous ignition and hot-residue piloted ignition.The latter is not the focus of this paper due to its extremely small probability of occurrence.The research reveals that the increase in flux intensity induces shorter delay times for both pyrolysis and ignition,lower ignition energy density,along with a corresponding rise in the critical mass flux and surface temperature at ignition moment.The simulation results are generally aligned with the experimental findings,despite some divergences may be attributed to model simplifications and parameter assumptions.The work contributes to a deeper insight into material behavior under extreme radiation,with valuable implications for fire safety and hazard assessment. 展开更多
关键词 Extreme radiation Fire safety Corrugated cardboard PYROLYSIS ignition temperature
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Impact of Initial Soil Conditions on Soil Hydrothermal and Surface Energy Fluxes in the Permafrost Region of the Tibetan Plateau
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作者 Siqiong LUO Zihang CHEN +3 位作者 Jingyuan WANG Tonghua WU Yao XIAO Yongping QIAO 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期717-736,共20页
Accurate initial soil conditions play a crucial role in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes in land surface process modeling.This study emphasized the influence of the initial soil temperature(ST)an... Accurate initial soil conditions play a crucial role in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes in land surface process modeling.This study emphasized the influence of the initial soil temperature(ST)and soil moisture(SM)conditions on a land surface energy and water simulation in the permafrost region in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 5.0(CLM5.0).The results indicate that the default initial schemes for ST and SM in CLM5.0 were simplistic,and inaccurately represented the soil characteristics of permafrost in the TP which led to underestimating ST during the freezing period while overestimating ST and underestimating SLW during the thawing period at the XDT site.Applying the long-term spin-up method to obtain initial soil conditions has only led to limited improvement in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes.The modified initial soil schemes proposed in this study comprehensively incorporate the characteristics of permafrost,which coexists with soil liquid water(SLW),and soil ice(SI)when the ST is below freezing temperature,effectively enhancing the accuracy of the simulated soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes.Consequently,the modified initial soil schemes greatly improved upon the results achieved through the long-term spin-up method.Three modified initial soil schemes experiments resulted in a 64%,88%,and 77%reduction in the average mean bias error(MBE)of ST,and a 13%,21%,and 19%reduction in the average root-mean-square error(RMSE)of SLW compared to the default simulation results.Also,the average MBE of net radiation was reduced by 7%,22%,and 21%. 展开更多
关键词 initial soil conditions soil temperature soil liquid water soil ice surface energy fluxes PERMAFROST
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Simulation study on non-linear effects of initial melt temperatures on microstructures during solidification process of liquid Mg_7Zn_3 alloy 被引量:3
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作者 刘让苏 梁永超 +5 位作者 刘海蓉 郑乃超 莫云飞 侯兆阳 周丽丽 彭平 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第4期1052-1060,共9页
The non-linear effects of different initial melt temperatures on the microstructure evolution during the solidification process of liquid Mg7Zn3 alloys were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, The microstru... The non-linear effects of different initial melt temperatures on the microstructure evolution during the solidification process of liquid Mg7Zn3 alloys were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, The microstructure transformation mechanisms were analyzed by several methods. The system was found to be solidified into amorphous structures from different initial melt temperatures at the same cooling rate of 1×10^12 K/s, and the 1551 bond-type and the icosahedron basic cluster (12 0 12 0 ) played a key role in the microstructure transition. Different initial melt temperatures had significant effects on the final microstructures. These effects only can be clearly observed below the glass transition temperature Tg; and these effects are non-linearly related to the initial melt temperatures, and fluctuated in a certain range. However, the changes of the average atomic energy of the systems are still linearly related with the initial melt temperatures, namely, the higher the initial melt temperature is, the more stable the amorphous structure is and the stronger the glass forming ability will be. 展开更多
关键词 liquid Mg-Zn alloy initial melt temperature microstructure evolution molecular dynamics simulation cluster-typeindex method
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Evaluation of the Ignition Temperature in Thermal Explosion Synthesis of TiAl_3 by Differential Scanning Calorimetry 被引量:1
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作者 Tao WANG, Meili ZHU and Junshan ZHANGDepartment of Materials Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2002年第4期331-334,共4页
Application of the Semenov theory of spontaneous ignition to evaluation of the critical temperature (Tc) in thermal explosion (TE) synthesis was conducted with the Ti-75at pct Al binary system using nonisothermal diff... Application of the Semenov theory of spontaneous ignition to evaluation of the critical temperature (Tc) in thermal explosion (TE) synthesis was conducted with the Ti-75at pct Al binary system using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates. And the critical temperature for isothermal TE is predicted to be 728.9癈 by the multiple linear regression of Tcs evaluated according to Semenov theory, which is close to the range of 740~745癈 obtained from the isothermal DSC observation. This result proves that Semenov theory of spontaneous ignition is also feasible for TE synthesis in binary metallic systems like Ti-75 at. pct Al system. 展开更多
关键词 ignition temperature DSC thermal explosion synthesis TIAL3
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Size-dependent thermoelastic initially stressed micro-beam due to a varying temperature in the light of the modified couple stress theory 被引量:2
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作者 A.E.ABOUELREGAL 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2020年第12期1805-1820,共16页
The bending of the Euler-Bernoulli micro-beam has been extensively modeled based on the modified couple stress(MCS)theory.Although many models have been incorporated into the literature,there is still room for introdu... The bending of the Euler-Bernoulli micro-beam has been extensively modeled based on the modified couple stress(MCS)theory.Although many models have been incorporated into the literature,there is still room for introducing an improved model in this context.In this work,we investigate the thermoelastic vibration of a micro-beam exposed to a varying temperature due to the application of the initial stress employing the MCS theory and generalized thermoelasticity.The MCS theory is used to investigate the material length scale effects.Using the Laplace transform,the temperature,deflection,displacement,flexure moment,and stress field variables of the micro-beam are derived.The effects of the temperature pulse and couple stress on the field distributions of the micro-beam are obtained numerically and graphically introduced.The numerical results indicate that the temperature pulse and couple stress have a significant effect on all field variables. 展开更多
关键词 THERMOELECTRICITY MICRO-BEAM initial stress temperature pulse modified couple stress(MCS)theory
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Analysis on the Changes of Accumulated Temperature,Initial and Terminal Dates and Duration Days of Main Boundary Temperature in Zhangjiakou City 被引量:1
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作者 Zhou Yanli 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2016年第5期6-12,共7页
Global warming has become a topic of widespread attention. The climate change will affect the change of agricultural climate resource,thereby affecting the agricultural planting structure,the grain yield,etc. Based on... Global warming has become a topic of widespread attention. The climate change will affect the change of agricultural climate resource,thereby affecting the agricultural planting structure,the grain yield,etc. Based on the daily temperature of Zhangjiakou from 1960 to 2011,the temporal changes of ≥0 ℃ and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperatures were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend estimation and M-K mutation test. The results indicated that(1) the annual average temperature showed an increasing trend with the linear warming rate of 0. 42 ℃ /10 a in the past 52 years. In 1982,the annual average temperature had abrupt change,especially after 1983,the warming trend increased significantly.(2) In the past 52 years,≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature showed an increasing trend with the warming rate of 89. 4 ℃ /10 a. Mutation point of ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature appeared in 1983,and after 1985,≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature increased sharply. At the same time,the ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature had abrupt change in 1983,especially from 1987 to 1995 and after 1986,the warming trend increased sharply.(3) The initial date of ≥0 ℃ presented significant advancing trend,and that of ≥10 ℃ had little change,while their terminal dates presented delaying trend,so the sustained days of ≥0 ℃ and ≥10 ℃ increased significantly.(4) In the past 52 years,the delay of the terminal dates of ≥0 ℃ and ≥10 ℃ was greater than the advancing of the initial dates,and ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature had a greater increase than ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature. 展开更多
关键词 Accumulated temperature initial and terminal DATES DURATION DAYS M-K test Mutation China
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Ignition-proof performance and mechanism of AZ91D-3Nd-xDy magnesium alloys at high temperatures 被引量:2
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作者 Yong-yan Li Wei-min Zhao +1 位作者 Jian Ding Hai-tao Xue 《China Foundry》 SCIE 2018年第2期97-102,共6页
This study focused on the synergistic effect of alloying elements neodymium(Nd) and dysprosium(Dy) on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of AZ91D-3 Nd-x Dy(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2... This study focused on the synergistic effect of alloying elements neodymium(Nd) and dysprosium(Dy) on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of AZ91D-3 Nd-x Dy(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt.%) alloy was discussed in depth through ignition-proof testing and microstructure observation. The results showed that the AZ91D-3 Nd-2 Dy alloy exhibited the highest ignition-point of 893 K, increased by 69 K as compared to the AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of Nd and Dy additions lay in three aspects:(1) the formation of denser oxide film consisting of Dy_2O_3 and MgO improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy,(2) the great reduction of the low melting-point phase β-Mg_(17)Al_(12), which leads to the decrease in the oxygen diffusion channels, and(3) the newly formed high melting-point phases(Al_2Nd and Al_2Dy), which block the oxygen diffusion channels and prevent the chemical reaction of Mg and oxygen. 展开更多
关键词 AZ91D ND DY ignition-proof high temperature
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The influence of the initial temperature field on sea ice simulations in the Bohai Sea in winter of 2015/2016 被引量:1
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作者 JIA Bin CHEN Xue’en +1 位作者 ZHENG Peng SU Jie 《Marine Science Bulletin》 2022年第1期1-18,共18页
To assess the influence of the initial temperature field on ocean temperature and sea ice simulations,a climatological dataset(WOA18),a real-time varying dataset(SODA),and an analysis field obtained after applying the... To assess the influence of the initial temperature field on ocean temperature and sea ice simulations,a climatological dataset(WOA18),a real-time varying dataset(SODA),and an analysis field obtained after applying the“vertical projection”assimilation scheme were selected to obtain the initial temperature field(the initial moment was December 1,2015)for use in the sea ice simulation of the HAMSOM ice-ocean coupled model,considering the Bohai Sea in the 2015/2016 winter.In this study,after using this assimilation scheme,the analysis initial temperature field showed significant improvement.The simulated SST results showed that the initial temperature field had a considerable effect on the SST results in the first 45 days of the model run;after this period,the effect became negligible and the model internal dynamics and atmospheric forcing became dominant.The simulated sea ice results showed that the ice area and ice edge distance(i.e.,the distance between the intersection of the central axis and the ice edge line and axis apex)results obtained in experiment E3 which used the analysis initial temperature field were improved by~14%and~35%,respectively,and those obtained in experiment E2 which used the real-time varying initial temperature field were improved by~10%and~22%,respectively,compared to the results of experiment E1 which used the climatological initial temperature field. 展开更多
关键词 Bohai Seaice simulation initial temperature field “Vertical projection”assimilation scheme
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Study on Influence of Initial Rolling Temperature for Rolling Process Based on Numerical Simulation
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作者 YANG Licheng LIU Bo XING Sufang ZHANG Runli (School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China 《武汉理工大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第S2期398-401,共4页
Wire rolling is a typical large deformation process and its principle is very complex,which includes material non- linearity,geometry non-linearity and boundary non-linearity.It is difficult to obtain theory analytica... Wire rolling is a typical large deformation process and its principle is very complex,which includes material non- linearity,geometry non-linearity and boundary non-linearity.It is difficult to obtain theory analytical results by trying to roll or physical experiment because they will induce many problems such as high cost,waste time and venture.With the rapid advance- ment of computing technology and numerical method,the finite element method is regarded as the best one,which can account for the large plastic deformation,thermo-mechanical coupling and complex boundary conditions of the rollers and the workpiece inter- actions in the rolling process.Under the different initial rolling temperature,the two-pass hot continuous rolling process of high- speed wire has been simulated accurately for the pre-finishing rolling section.The metal fluxion law and the deformation field have been obtained.Strain,temperature,rolling force and torque also have been simulated and discussed.The results of simulation are useful for practical manufacture and the optimization of process-parameters. 展开更多
关键词 initial ROLLING temperature therrno-mechanical COUPLING HOT CONTINUOUS ROLLING MSC.Marc
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Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage 被引量:2
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作者 JI Dongling XIAO Wenhui +8 位作者 SUN Zhiwei LIU Lijun GU Junfei ZHANG Hao Matthew Tom HARRISON LIU Ke WANG Zhiqin WANG Weilu YANG Jianchang 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第6期598-612,共15页
Due to climate change, extreme heat stress events have become more frequent, adversely affecting rice yield and grain quality. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances are essential for... Due to climate change, extreme heat stress events have become more frequent, adversely affecting rice yield and grain quality. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances are essential for rice yield and grain quality. To assess the impact of high temperature stress(HTS) at the early panicle initiation(EPI) stage on the accumulation, transportation, and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen substances in various organs of rice, as well as the resulting effects on rice yield and grain quality, pot experiments were conducted using an indica rice cultivar Yangdao 6(YD6) and a japonica rice cultivar Jinxiangyu 1(JXY1) under both normal temperature(32 ℃/26 ℃) and high temperature(38 ℃/29 ℃) conditions. The results indicated that exposure to HTS at the EPI stage significantly decreased rice yield by reducing spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain weight. However, it improved the nutritional quality of rice grains by increasing protein and amylose contents. The reduction in nitrogen and dry matter accumulation accounted for the changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain size. Under HTS, the decrease in nitrogen accumulation accompanied by the reduction in dry matter may be due to the down-regulation of leaf net photosynthesis and senescence, as evidenced by the decrease in nitrogen content. Furthermore, the decrease in sink size limited the translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances to grains, which was closely related to the reduction in grain weight and the deterioration of grain quality. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of HTS on grain yield and quality formation from the perspective of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation. Further efforts are needed to improve the adaptability of rice varieties to climate change in the near future. 展开更多
关键词 rice early panicle initiation stage high temperature stress carbon-nitrogen translocation grain yield grain quality
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Brassinosteroids Mediate Endogenous Phytohormone Metabolism to Alleviate High Temperature Injury at Panicle Initiation Stage in Rice 被引量:1
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作者 CHEN Yanhua WANG Yaliang +5 位作者 CHEN Huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai WANG Zhigang ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期70-86,共17页
High temperatures cause physiological and biochemical changes and significantly affect young panicle development of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Brassinosteroids play important roles in enhancing crop stress resistance.In th... High temperatures cause physiological and biochemical changes and significantly affect young panicle development of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Brassinosteroids play important roles in enhancing crop stress resistance.In this study,we subjected rice cultivars Huanghuazhan(heat-resistant)and IR36(heat-sensitive)to high temperature(HT,40 oC)or normal temperature(NT,33 oC)for 7 d at the panicle initiation stage,in conjunction with application of 24-epibrassinolide[EBR,a synthetic brassinolide(BR)]or brassinazole(BRZ,a BR biosynthesis inhibitor)at the beginning of the treatments.HT exacerbated spikelet degeneration and inhibited young panicle growth,which were partially prevented by EBR application,while BRZ application aggravated the reduction in spikelet number.HT decreased the contents of BR,active cytokinins(aCTK),active gibberellins(aGA)and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),but increased the content of abscisic acid(ABA)in young panicles.The activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose hydrolysis,glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in young panicles were decreased with the change of endogenous hormone levels under HT.In addition,the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in young panicles.Exogenous application of EBR induced the expression of phytohormone biosynthesis-related genes and down-regulated the expression of phytohormone catabolism-related genes to increase the contents of endogenous BR,aCTK,aGA and ABA,thus promoting the decomposition and utilization of sucrose in young panicles,enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase,and reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in young panicles,whereas application of BRZ had the opposite physiological effects.These results showed that brassinosteroids mediate endogenous phytohormone metabolism to alleviate HT injury at the panicle initiation stage in rice. 展开更多
关键词 RICE high temperature panicle initiation stage phytohormone metabolism physiological and biochemical indices
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Effects of Ce concentrations on ignition temperature and surface tension of Mg-9wt.%Al alloy
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作者 Deng Zhenghua Li Huaji +1 位作者 Zhao Wanjun Li Weibin 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2013年第2期108-111,共4页
Magnesium alloys are well known for their excellent properties, but the potential issues with oxidation and burning during melting and casting largely limit its industrial applications. The addition of Ce in magnesium... Magnesium alloys are well known for their excellent properties, but the potential issues with oxidation and burning during melting and casting largely limit its industrial applications. The addition of Ce in magnesium alloys can significantly raise ignition-proof performance and change the structure of the oxide film on the surface of the molten metal as well as the surface tension values. Surface tension is an important physical parameter of the metal melts, and it plays an important role in the formation of surface oxide film. In this present work, the ignition temperature and the surface tension of Mg-9wt.%AI alloy with different Ce concentrations were studied. Surface tensions was measured using the maximum bubble pressure method (MBPM). Ignition temperature was measured using NiCr-NiSi type thermocouples and was monitored and recorded via a WXT-604 desk recording device. The results show that the ignition point of Mg-9wt.%AI alloy can be effectively elevated by adding Ce. The ignition temperature reaches its highest point of 720 ℃ when the addition of Ce is lwt.%. The surface tension of the molten Mg-9wt.%AI alloy decreases exponentially with the increase of Ce addition at the same temperature. Similarly, the experiment also shows that the surface tension of Mg-9wt.%AI alloy decreases exponentially with the increase of temperature. 展开更多
关键词 magnesium alloy CE surface tension ignition temperature
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Correlation of Performance, Exhaust Gas Temperature and Speed of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Kiva4
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作者 Joseph Lungu Lennox Siwale +2 位作者 Rudolph Joe Kashinga Shadreck Chama Akos Bereczky 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2021年第8期53-78,共26页
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine, particularly, the correlation between performance, exhaust gas ... <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine, particularly, the correlation between performance, exhaust gas temperature and speed, using Kiva4. Test data to validate kiva4 si</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mulation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results were conducted on a 3-cylinder, four-stroke Volkswagen (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">VW) Polo 6 TSI 1.2 gasoline engine. Three different tests were, therefore, carried out. In one set, variations in exhaust gas temperature were studied by varying the engine load, while keeping the engine speed constant. In another test, exhaust gas temperature variations were studied by keeping the engine at idling whilst varying the speeds. A third test involved studying variations in exhaust gas temperature under a constant load with variable engine speeds. To study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">variations in exhaust gas temperatures under test conditions, a basic grid/</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mesh generator, K3PREP, was employed to write an itape17 file comprising of a 45</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">asymmetrical mesh. This was based on the symmetry of the combustion ch</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amber of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the engine used in carrying out experimental tests. Simulati</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ons were therefore p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erformed based on the input parameters established in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the conducted tests. Simulations with the kiva4 code showed a significant predictability of the performance characteristics of the engine. This was evident in the appreciable agreement obtained in the simulation results when compared </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with the test data, under the considered test conditions. A percentage error, be</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tween experimental results and results from simulations with the kiva4 code of only between 2% to 3% was observed.</span></span></span></span></span> 展开更多
关键词 COMBUSTION Kiva4 GASOLINE Exhaust Gas temperature Spark ignition Engine
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Generation of Higher Terahertz Harmonics in Nonlinear Paraelectrics under Focusing in a Wide Temperature Range
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作者 Volodymyr Grimalsky Jesus Escobedo-Alatorre +1 位作者 Christian Castrejon-Martinez Yered Gomez-Badillo 《Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications》 2023年第4期43-58,共16页
It is theoretically investigated the generation of higher harmonics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional terahertz electromagnetic beams in nonlinear crystals. The attention is paid to crystalline paraelectrics li... It is theoretically investigated the generation of higher harmonics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional terahertz electromagnetic beams in nonlinear crystals. The attention is paid to crystalline paraelectrics like SrTiO<sub>3</sub> under the temperatures 60 - 200 K, these crystals possess the cubic nonlinearity. The bias electric field is applied to provide the dominating quadratic nonlinearity. The initial focusing of the beams not only increases the efficiency of generation of higher harmonics, but alto makes possible to select maxima of different higher harmonics at some distances from the input. At lower temperatures the nonlinearity behaves at smaller input amplitudes, whereas at higher temperatures the harmonic generation can be observed at higher frequencies up to 1.5 THz. In three-dimensional beams the peak amplitudes of higher harmonics can be bigger than in two-dimensional beams, but the ratios of these peak values to the maximum values of the focused first harmonic are smaller than in two-dimensional beams. 展开更多
关键词 Terahertz Wave Beams Nonlinear Crystalline Paraelectrics Different temperatures Generation of Harmonics initial Focusing
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活性炭气相吸附过程中安全性研究进展 被引量:1
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作者 刘斌 左宋林 刘金龙 《林产化学与工业》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期138-148,共11页
挥发性有机物(VOCs)是目前我国造成大气污染的主要因素,主要来源于工业排放,VOCs包括烃、醛、醇、醚、酮、酯、羧酸等。活性炭吸附VOCs已成为目前的主要环保技术,然而,在活性炭吸附VOCs过程中,由于吸附热的产生容易导致活性炭床层温度升... 挥发性有机物(VOCs)是目前我国造成大气污染的主要因素,主要来源于工业排放,VOCs包括烃、醛、醇、醚、酮、酯、羧酸等。活性炭吸附VOCs已成为目前的主要环保技术,然而,在活性炭吸附VOCs过程中,由于吸附热的产生容易导致活性炭床层温度升高,从而引发活性炭床层起火是重大安全隐患。因此,本文从活性炭的结构、性质,吸附操作方式和条件,以及VOCs组分等方面,具体综述和分析活性炭的生产原料、制备方法和后处理过程等影响活性炭着火点的主要因素,以及气流的湿度、氧气含量等性质,气体流速、活性炭床层厚度、吸附工况等吸附工艺对活性炭床层温升产生的影响,为系统掌握和评价活性炭在气相吸附过程中应用安全性提供了参考。在此基础上,针对活性炭吸附床吸附净化含VOCs废气的安全使用提出了具体的建议。最后,指出了在该领域还存在的主要技术问题。 展开更多
关键词 活性炭 VOCS 着火点 安全性 吸附
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镁铝水滑石抑制聚乙烯粉尘爆炸特性与机理
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作者 纪文涛 郭潇潇 +2 位作者 陈志滔 蔡冲冲 王燕 《爆炸与冲击》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期157-168,共12页
为寻求新型、清洁、高效的聚乙烯粉尘爆炸抑制剂,将镁铝水滑石用于聚乙烯粉尘爆炸抑制,并从爆炸超压和最低着火温度两方面,分析了镁铝水滑石抑制聚乙烯粉尘爆炸特性,并与氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁进行对比。结果表明,镁铝水滑石对聚乙烯粉尘... 为寻求新型、清洁、高效的聚乙烯粉尘爆炸抑制剂,将镁铝水滑石用于聚乙烯粉尘爆炸抑制,并从爆炸超压和最低着火温度两方面,分析了镁铝水滑石抑制聚乙烯粉尘爆炸特性,并与氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁进行对比。结果表明,镁铝水滑石对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸超压和最低着火温度的抑制作用均优于氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁。在爆炸超压的抑制方面,在抑制比为2时,镁铝水滑石可完全抑制聚乙烯粉尘爆炸,而氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁对聚乙烯达到完全抑爆所需的抑制比分别为4和5。最低着火温度的抑制方面,抑制比为1时,镁铝水滑石可使聚乙烯粉尘的最低着火温度提高290℃,大于氢氧化铝的260℃和氢氧化镁的250℃。此外,结合镁铝水滑石的热解特性及红外光谱,从物理作用和化学作用两个方面对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制机理进行分析,揭示了阻断爆炸反应的进程。 展开更多
关键词 镁铝水滑石 聚乙烯 抑爆特性 最低着火温度
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柴油机低温启动过程关键影响参数研究
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作者 朱海荣 张凯伦 +2 位作者 刘晓阳 李林 肖旭 《河北科技大学学报》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第3期243-251,共9页
为实现柴油机在极端低温环境下可以具备较好的启动性能,对相关影响柴油机启动的参数进行研究。通过正交仿真研究了环境因素(进气压力、进气温度)、设计参数(压缩比、燃烧室缩口比、喷嘴直径)、控制参数(喷油温度、预喷油量、主喷提前角... 为实现柴油机在极端低温环境下可以具备较好的启动性能,对相关影响柴油机启动的参数进行研究。通过正交仿真研究了环境因素(进气压力、进气温度)、设计参数(压缩比、燃烧室缩口比、喷嘴直径)、控制参数(喷油温度、预喷油量、主喷提前角、主喷持续期、主预喷间隔)对柴油机低温条件下启动过程的影响,通过极差分析提取出对柴油机启动过程影响较大的关键影响参数,并以缸内压力、缸内温度和瞬时放热率为评价指标对各因素进行参数匹配研究。结果表明,环境因素和控制参数对柴油机启动过程的影响程度更高,进气压力、进气温度、主喷提前角和主喷持续期为影响柴油机低温条件下启动的关键影响参数,并选择组合1作为最佳参数匹配组合。研究得到了柴油机低温启动过程中的关键影响参数,可为改善低温环境下柴油机的启动效果提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 内燃机工程 柴油机 低温启动 着火过程 影响参数
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基于多光谱辐射测温法的换能元桥区温度检测技术
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作者 李党娟 丁成皎 +3 位作者 樊洋 王可暄 万文博 苏俊宏 《火工品》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期84-90,共7页
火工品换能元起爆过程中桥区温度的全程化精确测量对于研究换能元的电热转换效率、表征火工品点火性能至关重要。本研究通过建立包含6个波长通道的多光谱辐射测温系统,实现了对换能元桥区辐射光谱信号的实时采集,并通过PS800-25一体化... 火工品换能元起爆过程中桥区温度的全程化精确测量对于研究换能元的电热转换效率、表征火工品点火性能至关重要。本研究通过建立包含6个波长通道的多光谱辐射测温系统,实现了对换能元桥区辐射光谱信号的实时采集,并通过PS800-25一体化标准黑体进行系统标定。针对桥区材料在起爆过程中经历的固态、液态到气态的相变,建立了最优化函数温度解算模型,避免了对光谱发射率模型的依赖,并通过罚函数法进行真温的优化求解。试验结果表明,该方法的测温精度在3%以内,可应用于碳基桥箔点火过程中桥区温度的检测。 展开更多
关键词 换能元 火工品 多光谱辐射测温 最优化函数温度解算 碳基桥箔
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喷油压力对柴油喷雾两阶段着火的影响
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作者 黎一锴 娄悦 +2 位作者 杨子明 王东方 孙成瀚 《内燃机学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期193-202,共10页
基于流动式定容燃烧试验装置以及CONVERGE三维仿真模型,研究了冷起动工况对应缸内上止点环境下喷射压力对柴油自由射流的喷雾宏观特性及两阶段着火转化过程的影响.结果表明:在冷起动工况条件下,低喷射压力(20 MPa)条件下的液相贯穿距略... 基于流动式定容燃烧试验装置以及CONVERGE三维仿真模型,研究了冷起动工况对应缸内上止点环境下喷射压力对柴油自由射流的喷雾宏观特性及两阶段着火转化过程的影响.结果表明:在冷起动工况条件下,低喷射压力(20 MPa)条件下的液相贯穿距略大;随着喷射压力的增加,气相喷雾贯穿距增大,气/液相喷雾锥角增大,表明在喷雾体头部区域形成较大的混合气区域;不同喷射压力条件下,喷雾内的局部温度及局部当量比分布规律相似;但随着喷射压力的增大,高温低当量比区域面积增大,促进了低温反应的进行.另一方面,较高的喷射压力使得喷雾流速增大,抑制了喷雾低温核心区域CH_(2)O和热量的累积,进而恶化了低温反应阶段向高温反应阶段的过渡,使高温着火准备过程延长.最终导致高温着火滞燃期随喷射压力升高呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势. 展开更多
关键词 柴油喷雾 低温环境 喷射压力 滞燃期
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