Multi-Level Image Segmentation Combining Chaotic Initialized Chimp Optimization Algorithm and Cauchy Mutation

To enhance the diversity and distribution uniformity of initial population,as well as to avoid local extrema in the Chimp Optimization Algorithm(CHOA),this paper improves the CHOA based on chaos initialization and Cauchy mutation.First,Sin chaos is introduced to improve the random population initialization scheme of the CHOA,which not only guarantees the diversity of the population,but also enhances the distribution uniformity of the initial population.Next,Cauchy mutation is added to optimize the global search ability of the CHOA in the process of position(threshold)updating to avoid the CHOA falling into local optima.Finally,an improved CHOA was formed through the combination of chaos initialization and Cauchy mutation(CICMCHOA),then taking fuzzy Kapur as the objective function,this paper applied CICMCHOA to natural and medical image segmentation,and compared it with four algorithms,including the improved Satin Bowerbird optimizer(ISBO),Cuckoo Search(ICS),etc.The experimental results deriving from visual and specific indicators demonstrate that CICMCHOA delivers superior segmentation effects in image segmentation.

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer

BACKGROUND As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence,lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety.Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check,information exchange,final accuracy check,reaction(IIFAR)information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer.METHODS This study is a single-centre study.We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022.These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups,with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol.The differences in psychological distress,anxiety and depression,life quality,fatigue,and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups,and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed.RESULTS After the intervention,Distress Thermometer,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)for anxiety and the HADS for depression,Revised Piper’s Fatigue Scale,and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQ-C30),Internal Health Locus of Control,and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group,and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression,psychological distress,and fatigue,improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology,and enhancing their life qualities.

Differences in action potential propagation speed and axon initial segment plasticity between neurons from Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice

Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.

Modeling protein-protein interactions in axon initial segment to understand their potential impact on action potential initiation

The axon initial segment(AIS)region is crucial for action potential initiation due to the presence of high-density AIS protein voltage-gated sodium channels(Nav).Nav channels comprise several serine residues responsible for the recruitment of Nav channels into the structure of AIS through interactions with ankyrin-G(AnkG).In this study,a series of computational experiments are performed to understand the role of AIS proteins casein kinase 2 and AnkG on Nav channel recruitment into the AIS.The computational simulation results using Virtual cell software indicate that Nav channels with all serine sites available for phosphorylation bind to AnkG with strong affinity.At the low initial concentration of AnkG and casein kinase 2,the concentration of Nav channels reduces significantly,suggesting the importance of casein kinase 2 and AnkG in the recruitment of Nav channels.

Reassembly of the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier in regenerated axons of the central nervous system

Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system（PNS＆CNS）are divided into molecularly distinct excitable domains,including the axon initial segment（AIS）and nodes of Ranvier.The AIS is composed of a dense network of cytoskeletal proteins,cell adhesion molecules,and voltage gated ion channels and is located at the proximal most region of the axon（Koleand Stuart, 2012）.

Application of radial basis functions to evolution equations arising in image segmentation

In this paper, radial basis functions are used to obtain the solution of evolution equations which appear in variational level set method based image segmentation. In this method, radial basis functions are used to interpolate the implicit level set function of the evolution equation with a high level of accuracy and smoothness. Then, the original initial value problem is discretized into an interpolation problem. Accordingly, the evolution equation is converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, and a smooth evolution can be retained. Compared with finite difference scheme based level set approaches, the complex and costly re-initialization procedure is unnecessary. Numerical examples are also given to show the efficiency of the method.

Dynamic behaviors of rockslides subjected to brittle failure of locked segments

Locked segments are recognized as a critical role that controls the stability of rock slopes but remain an unclear and challenging problem with respect to their role incorporated into the failure mechanism.In order to study the effect of the locked segments on the initial failure process of rockslides,thirty-six groups of locked segment specimens with three different lithologies were prepared,direct shear tests were carried out to obtain the accelerations caused by brittle failure of the locked segment specimens.Experiment results showed that the maximum accelerations caused by the brittle failure of locked segment specimens was 2.91 g in the horizontal direction,and 3.18 g in the vertical direction.We took the Wangjiayan rockslide in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as an example,the critical balance condition of the sliding mass under combined effect of gravity and accelerations induced by brittle failure of locked segment was analyzed,which indicated that the initial failure process of the Wangjiayan rockslides was notably influenced by the existence of the locked segment.The departure acceleration and direction of the Wangjiayan rockslide were proposed.The study results can provide a new insight into the understanding of the initial failure mechanism of rockslides with locked segments.

基于IIFAR微信护理结合聚焦干预在急性心肌梗死PCI术后患者中的应用

目的探讨基于初始核对-信息交流-准确性核对-反应(IIFAR)微信护理结合聚焦干预在急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)后的应用效果。方法选取2023年1~4月河南科技大学第一附属医院收治的102例AMI患者纳入研究,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各51例。两组患者均接受PCI术治疗,对照组采取常规干预,观察组于此基础上采取基于IIFAR微信护理与聚焦干预相结合的管理模式,干预时间共6个月。干预前和干预2个月、6个月后,比较两组患者的冠心病自我管理行为量表(CSMS)评分、运动自我效能量表(SEE)评分,术后24 h内和干预2个月、6个月后,比较两组患者的心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心房内径(LAD)]和运动能力[无氧阈耗氧量(VO2AT)、峰值耗氧量(VO2peak)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)],并比较两组患者的主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果干预2个月和6个月后,两组患者的CSMS和SEE评分均呈逐渐升高趋势,且观察组患者的CSMS、SEE评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预2个月和6个月后,两组患者的LVEF均呈逐渐升高趋势,而LVEDD、LAD均呈逐渐降低趋势,且观察组患者的LVEF明显高于对照组,LVEDD、LAD明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预2个月和6个月后,两组患者的VO2AT、VO2peak、6 MWD均呈逐渐升高趋势,且观察组患者的VO2AT、VO2peak、6 MWD明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的MACE总发生率为5.88%,略低于对照组的13.73%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于IIFAR微信护理结合聚焦干预有助于提高AMI PCI术后患者自我效能与自我管理能力,恢复心功能,提高运动能力。

硅酸钠改善碱激发材料力学性能与凝结机理分析

为了进一步增强碱激发材料的力学性能,掌握碱激发材料的凝结规律,通过掺入不同种类与掺量硅酸钠进行增硅改性,增强矿渣碱激发材料反应活性,定期观测试件的力学性能并分析凝结规律,同时结合微观分析手段深入剖析硅酸钠的增硅增强机理。结果表明,固态与液态硅酸钠均能够显著提高试件的抗压强度,明显缩短初凝与终凝时间。随固态硅酸钠掺量的提升,试件抗压强度呈先上升后下降趋势,固态硅酸钠在试件内大量结晶是导致抗压强度下降的主要原因。随液态硅酸钠掺量的提升,试件抗压强度呈先显著上升后趋于平稳的趋势,这说明其增强作用具有最大限值,液态硅酸钠的激发效果明显优于固态。

DNA测序首段信号数据特别处理方法研究

针对荧光标记毛细管电泳DNA测序开始一段序列的信号杂乱特性以及不同碱基通道信号间的相对偏移问题,提出了一种用于首段信号特别处理的电泳迁移率自适应校正方法。分析设计基于四通道首段信号间峰重叠程度估计的运筹决策目标函数,通过目标函数动态寻优计算确定不同碱基通道信号的相对偏移系数,从而实现DNA测序首段信号的相对偏移校正,为提高首段信号碱基的合理判读及后续DNA精准排序提供了可靠的过程数据。

陕南南郑方言语音特点研究

南郑位于汉中盆地西南部,方言语音特点较复杂。声母方面,泥来母大多洪混细分;非晓组有的读音互换;知系混入精组。韵母方面,主要表现在果摄字和深臻曾梗通摄字的读音。声调方面,法镇、红庙、濂水、碑坝、黄官、小南海、大河坎、两河、福成、黎坪、胡家营、牟家坝、青树、湘水等14地方言全部入声归阳平,而高台、汉山、圣水、协税、新集、阳春、梁山等7地方言次浊入归阴平,全浊入归阳平。

气候变化背景下西藏高原地区界限温度时空变化特征

受全球气候变化影响,农牧业生产面临较大风险,研究界限温度时空变化对调整农业种植结构,实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。利用近40a(1981-2020年)西藏38个气象站点逐日平均气温观测数据,采用线性倾向估计、Person系数、Mann-Kendall、优势分析等方法,分析了气候变暖背景下近40a西藏≥0℃、≥5℃和≥10℃界限温度(初日、终日、持续日数和活动积温)的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)西藏≥0℃、≥5℃和≥10℃界限温度分布总体上表现为自东南向西北初日推迟、终日提早、持续日数缩短和积温减少的特征,并具有明显的海拔垂直地带性特征。1991-2020年与1981-2010年平均值比较,西藏各站三种积温均增加,以≥10℃积温增幅较大;绝大部分站点初日偏早、终日偏晚、持续日数偏多。(2)近40a西藏≥0℃、≥5℃和≥10℃初日、终日和持续日数的变幅以≥0℃最大,平均每10a初日提早3.2d、终日推迟3.5d、持续日数延长5.4d;积温增幅以≥10℃最大,为86.1℃·d·10a^(-1)。≥0℃、≥5℃持续日数增加是由于初日明显提早造成的,而≥10℃持续日数的增加因终日显著推迟导致。(3)≥0℃界限温度的线性倾向率(LTR),低海拔地区明显大于高海拔地区;≥5℃初日、积温LTR的最大值在低海拔地区,终日、持续日数LTR的最大值在中高海拔地区(3500-4000m);≥10℃初日LTR在中高海拔地区最大,终日、持续日数和积温LTR最大值出现在海拔4000-4500m地区。(4)20世纪80年代≥0℃、≥5℃和≥10℃初日偏晚、终日偏早、持续日数偏短、积温偏低;90年代初日、终日和持续日数正常,积温仍偏低;进入21世纪后,初日偏早、终日偏晚、持续日数增加、积温明显偏高,以21世纪10年代最明显。(5)≥5℃终日突变最早,发生在20世纪90年代初;≥10℃终日突变最晚,在21世纪10年代中期;初日、积温的突变分别出现在20世纪90年代中后期和21世纪初,持续日数突变点发生在20世纪90年代后期至21世纪中前期。

椎动脉V1段超声研究进展

椎动脉作为颈部动脉超声检查的一部分,V1段特点和病变受到的关注较少,需引起重视。超声能客观评价椎动脉V1段解剖和变异,同时动态分析血流动力学变化,可以作为椎动脉V1段病变筛查的首选检查方式,并可评估狭窄进展和进行血运重建治疗后随访。本文对超声在椎动脉V1段的研究应用进行介绍与总结,期望能够加强对椎动脉V1段解剖特点及相关疾病的认识,提高诊断准确率。

顶进节段法最终接头工艺研究及应用

最终接头作为海底沉管隧道工程贯通管节,是整个工程的重中之重。结合大连湾海底隧道工程的特点及难点,调研现有的国内外沉管隧道最终接头的施工案例,开展顶进节段法最终接头工艺顶推回拉系统、纠偏系统、锁定系统、双层止水系统、施工工艺5项关键技术的研究及水下抗浮、回拉2项受力计算。经大连湾海底隧道最终接头施工验证,该工艺施工操作方便,施工周期短,船机设备投入少,造价低,施工工艺具有可逆性。顶进节段法最终接头在技术先进性、安全可靠性和经济效益等方面具有极大优势,可推广应用于类似沉管隧道工程中,具有显著的经济和社会效益。

底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能数值仿真分析

为促进预制节段拼装桥墩在山区复杂环境及强震地区的应用,提出了一种底部填芯的预制节段拼装桥墩,采用ABAQUS有限元模型讨论了填芯段高度、初始张拉力和耗能钢筋配筋率等关键参数对底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着填芯段高度的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩的承载能力和耗能能力显著提高,但残余位移和填芯段上部接缝开口宽度也增大;随着初始张拉力的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩承载能力和耗能能力略有提高,残余位移和墩底混凝土损伤程度基本不变;随着耗能钢筋配筋率的增大,底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩承载能力和耗能能力提高,但填芯段上部接缝开口宽度增大。研究结果可为底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩合理构造提供参考,促进预制拼装桥墩在山区复杂环境和强震地区的应用。

软段双键含量对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

水性聚氨酯(WPU)分子量较低的特性使其存在力学性能低及永久变形大等缺点,限制了其在高性能材料领域的应用。为了提高水性聚氨酯的形变恢复能力及力学性能,采用聚丙二醇(PPG)、端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)等为原料,以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂合成了一系列软段双键含量不同的水性聚氨酯(WPU),采用过硫酸铵(APS)作为双键引发剂引发聚氨酯软段中双键间的反应实现聚氨酯分子链交联,制备了不同交联体系的水性聚氨酯薄膜。通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征胶膜的结构,证明了软段双键的引入;同时测定胶膜的力学性能在交联后提高;软段玻璃化转变温度在交联后先降低后增加,硬段玻璃化转变温度降低等。结果表明,当n(HTPB)∶n(PPG)=5∶53时,该水性聚氨酯薄膜拉伸强度可达24.06 MPa,断裂伸长率为780%,形变回复率为93.8%。

丽江纳西族汉语方言音系及音韵特点

丽江纳西族汉语方言,既受到民族语的影响,又受到周边汉语方言、普通话的影响,从而形成了自己的鲜明特点,这在语音方面尤为突出。在田野调查的基础上,归纳出丽江纳西族汉语方言的音系及其音韵特点。丽江纳西族汉语方言有24个声母,它的主要特点是:古全浊声母清化,尖团不分,具有[ts、tsʰ、s、z]和[tʂ、tʂʰ、ʂ、ʐ]两套声母等。有31个韵母,它的主要特点是:韵尾简化,韵头简化,以及具体韵摄的分合等。有阴平、阳平、去声、入声4个声调,它的主要特点是:古平声字按照声母的清浊今演变为阴平和阳平,清声母、次浊声母上声字与阴平合流,全浊声母上声字今读去声,古入声字今自成一个调类。

深中通道异形管节多工况下调平方案研究与应用

深中通道E23管节及最终接头为异形管节,管节前后重力分配不均,为确保E23管节及最终接头多工况下的管节姿态安全,需要根据不同工况下的施工特点,研究制定出异形管节相应1号—9号压载水箱的调平配载;为保证异形沉管浮运期间船管连接安全,通过在E23管节内中山侧左、右车道封门与1号、2号水箱封堵之间打设部分压舱混凝土方案代替水箱压载调平方案,有效降低异形管节1号、2号水箱的调平液面高度,保证了船管浮运安全。

一类抛物型最优控制问题Crank-Nicolson格式的预处理方法

针对一类抛物型偏微分方程约束的分布式最优控制问题,通过此问题的一阶最优性条件得到了一组耦合的初值和终值问题,对这组耦合的问题运用Crank-Nicolson格式进行离散,采取块三角预处理策略来求解2*2的线性系统,然后通过匹配策略和基于Kronecker积的分裂技术建立了基于Kronecker积的Schur补的近似,并由此提出了一种基于Crank-Nicolson离散格式的预处理迭代方法,最后用数值实验证明了该方法的精确性和计算效率。结果表明,由于Schur补的近似具有Kronecker积的结构形式,该方法可以有效地实现预处理条件;该方法能极大地减小迭代次数,节省运算时间,降低运算成本,具有较好的结果。研究结果在解决工程技术和社会科学领域的相关最优控制问题具有应用价值。

基于空气源热泵的钢筋混凝土管片初期养护技术分析

为探讨基于空气源热泵的钢筋混凝土管片初期养护技术,以天津地铁6号线工程(梅林路站~咸水沽西站)盾构管片制作为依托,立足空气源热泵管片养护的技术特点,分析了空气源热泵在钢筋混凝土管片初期养护中的应用及其应用效果。实践得出,空气源热泵供热初期养护技术是一种新型的混凝土钢筋管片养护技术,具有很高的自动化水平,而且空气源热泵保温传热效果好,热风循环养护可提升热能利用率,整个养护过程无有害气体和废渣排放,契合现代化绿色节能理念,无论是养护效果、质量,还是节能、绿色环保都优于蒸汽养护技术,值得大范围推广和应用。