Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a new approach for craniofacial augmentation by a minimally-invasive subpericranial injection. Three commercially available semi-liquid bioceramic bone-graft...Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a new approach for craniofacial augmentation by a minimally-invasive subpericranial injection. Three commercially available semi-liquid bioceramic bone-grafting materials were examined for this application in a rat model. Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly assigned to undergo onlay calvarial grafting by subpericranial injection of three semi-liquid bone void fillers: Norian SRS(calcium phosphate), ChronOs InjectTM (porous beta-tricalcium phosphate), or BonePlastharvested after 24 hours to serve as controls. The rest were studied after 16 weeks. The volume fraction of the following parameters was morphometrically measured: new bone, blood vessels, residual bone filler and inflammation. Results: In all study groups (including controls), histological examination demonstrated that bone fillers were successfully delivered to the desired subpericranial space by the percutaneous injection method. New bone formation was evidenced adjacent to the cranial bone in all the study groups. The Norian filler material survived in a significantly higher volume fraction (38.4% ± 6.5%) than the ChronOs filler (18.8% ± 1.6%;P 0.0001) and the BonePlast filler (17.8% ± 1.5%;P 0.0001). New bone was formed in all groups, particularly adjacent to the interface of graft material with native bone but only to minimal extent. Conclusion: This new approach for craniomaxillofacial augmentation was successfully demonstrated in a rat model. The Norian filler (calcium phosphate) demonstrated superior space preservation abilities. This model may be further applied to test new injectable bone substitutes in the craniomaxillofacial area.展开更多
Skeletal diseases, such as nonunion and osteonecrosis, are now treatable with tissue engineering techniques. Single cell sheets called osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCSs) grown from cultured bone marrow-derived mese...Skeletal diseases, such as nonunion and osteonecrosis, are now treatable with tissue engineering techniques. Single cell sheets called osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCSs) grown from cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells show high osteogenic potential;however, long preparation times currently limit their clinical application. Here, we report a cryopreservation OMCS transplantation method that shortens OMCS preparation time. Cryopreserved rat OMCSs were prepared using slow- and rapid-freezing methods, thawed, and subsequently injected scaffold-free into subcutaneous sites. Rapid- and slow-frozen OMCSs were also transplanted directly to the femur bone at sites of injury. Slow-freezing resulted in higher cell viability than rapid freezing, yet all two cryopreservation methods yielded OMCSs that survived and formed bone tissue. In the rapid- and slow-freezing groups, cortical gaps were repaired and bone continuity was observed within 6 weeks of OMCS transplantation. Moreover, while no significant difference was found in osteocalcin expression between the three experimental groups, the biomechanical strength of femurs treated with slow-frozen OMCSs was significantly greater than those of non-transplant at 6 weeks post-injury. Collectively, these data suggest that slow-frozen OMCSs have superior osteogenic potential and are better suited to produce a mineralized matrix and repair sites of bone injury.展开更多
Long Acting Injectable (LAI) medications for patients with schizophrenia is commonly administered to relieve their symptoms. Through shared decision-making and clinical evidence-based, psychiatrists should systematica...Long Acting Injectable (LAI) medications for patients with schizophrenia is commonly administered to relieve their symptoms. Through shared decision-making and clinical evidence-based, psychiatrists should systematically offer LAIs to all patients requiring long-term antipsychotic treatment as a first-line treatment. Gluteal intramuscular (IM) injection requires accurate insertion of needles into the specific muscle area, often the outer upper quadrant of the buttocks, in order to achieve the required blood concentration. The purposes of this study were to compare the “Distance from the Epidermis to the Under-Fascia (DEUF)” and “Distance from the Epidermis to the Iliac Bone (DEB)” of the buttocks IM injection sites at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites among healthy Japanese volunteer subjects, and to identify the optimal insertion injection needle length. The DEUF and DEB at the gluteal regions were measured by ultrasonography. Welch’s one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the DEUF and the DEB at the gluteal IM injection regions. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the right and left mean values of DEUF for Hochstetter and Clark’s point at the ventrogluteal sites, and the Four and Three-way split or Double Cross point at the dorsogluteal sites. However in the DEB, the Hochstetter’s point (P < 0.01) at ventrogluteal site on the right side, and Clark’s point (P < 0.05) were significantly shorter than the Double Cross point at dorsogluteal sites (F = 4.38). The left buttocks Hochstetter’s point was significantly shorter than the Double Cross point (F = 4.38, P < 0.01). These results, however, did not establish a statistically significant difference in the DEUF among injection sites. It was considered that the difference in the DEB depended on muscle volume and thickness in the gluteal injection sites.展开更多
背景:医用水凝胶是具有三维结构网络的新型功能高分子材料,具有出色的生物相容性,目前已在组织工程领域、药物载体领域有广泛研究,但基于组织工程探究医用水凝胶与中医药结合治疗疾病的研究还处于初期探索阶段。因此,通过对医用水凝胶...背景:医用水凝胶是具有三维结构网络的新型功能高分子材料,具有出色的生物相容性,目前已在组织工程领域、药物载体领域有广泛研究,但基于组织工程探究医用水凝胶与中医药结合治疗疾病的研究还处于初期探索阶段。因此,通过对医用水凝胶机制作用的剖析,整合医用水凝胶与中医药在研究中联合应用的文章,进而更好地为科研工作者提供思路,对中医药与医用水凝胶联合应用具有重要意义。目的:基于组织工程研究探讨中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略及意义。方法:利用PubMed和中国知网数据库,检索有关中医药联合医用水凝胶在组织工程中应用的文献,检索时间为2010年1月至2022年11月,英文检索词为“hydrogel,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,tissue engineering”,中文检索词为“医用水凝胶、中医药、药物载体、组织工程”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,最终纳入61篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:①中医药联合医用水凝胶的应用虽然在关节内、组织器官内、软组织伤口和组织工程等方面有所涉及,但除了中医药结合水凝胶敷料在临床应用治疗软组织损伤外,其他方面尚处于基础实验阶段。②中医药联合医用水凝胶的发展有着巨大潜力和发展前景,但对于性能要求较高的凝胶在制造方面存在一定难度,理化性质精确掌握难度较大。③目前综合来看可注射水凝胶凭借着简便易用的特点,其在与中医药联合使用可延伸范围较广,可用于关节、器官和组织工程相关疾病的治疗;智能水凝胶有较高的灵敏度和可逆转化性也可满足特殊环境下的使用;将两者结合的中医药使用过程中还需要明确中药成分的作用机制。④中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略应着手于中医药对器官、组织、细胞的治疗作用联合适当种类的医用水凝胶进行匹配,可弥补传统中医给药方式和频繁给药的不足,在组织工程方面可以用水凝胶负载中药干预后的干细胞,或者同时负载中药和干细胞用于相关疾病的治疗。⑤在中医药联合医用水凝胶应用的未来研究中,还需要考虑:应当确保医用水凝胶生物性能可以量化,以不同材料不同制造工艺把握水凝胶特性,制造出所需要的符合应用条件的医用水凝胶;在中医药方面需要对已知中药单体、中药复方提取物的治疗效果和应用机制全面了解剖析,在更明了的机制下实现中医药与医用水凝胶更多更完美的结合;借助医学科技创新能力的不断提高,医用水凝胶可以创新性地结合中医药其他传统治疗方法比如针灸、推拿和拔罐等方式进行多角度运用。展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a new approach for craniofacial augmentation by a minimally-invasive subpericranial injection. Three commercially available semi-liquid bioceramic bone-grafting materials were examined for this application in a rat model. Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly assigned to undergo onlay calvarial grafting by subpericranial injection of three semi-liquid bone void fillers: Norian SRS(calcium phosphate), ChronOs InjectTM (porous beta-tricalcium phosphate), or BonePlastharvested after 24 hours to serve as controls. The rest were studied after 16 weeks. The volume fraction of the following parameters was morphometrically measured: new bone, blood vessels, residual bone filler and inflammation. Results: In all study groups (including controls), histological examination demonstrated that bone fillers were successfully delivered to the desired subpericranial space by the percutaneous injection method. New bone formation was evidenced adjacent to the cranial bone in all the study groups. The Norian filler material survived in a significantly higher volume fraction (38.4% ± 6.5%) than the ChronOs filler (18.8% ± 1.6%;P 0.0001) and the BonePlast filler (17.8% ± 1.5%;P 0.0001). New bone was formed in all groups, particularly adjacent to the interface of graft material with native bone but only to minimal extent. Conclusion: This new approach for craniomaxillofacial augmentation was successfully demonstrated in a rat model. The Norian filler (calcium phosphate) demonstrated superior space preservation abilities. This model may be further applied to test new injectable bone substitutes in the craniomaxillofacial area.
文摘Skeletal diseases, such as nonunion and osteonecrosis, are now treatable with tissue engineering techniques. Single cell sheets called osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCSs) grown from cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells show high osteogenic potential;however, long preparation times currently limit their clinical application. Here, we report a cryopreservation OMCS transplantation method that shortens OMCS preparation time. Cryopreserved rat OMCSs were prepared using slow- and rapid-freezing methods, thawed, and subsequently injected scaffold-free into subcutaneous sites. Rapid- and slow-frozen OMCSs were also transplanted directly to the femur bone at sites of injury. Slow-freezing resulted in higher cell viability than rapid freezing, yet all two cryopreservation methods yielded OMCSs that survived and formed bone tissue. In the rapid- and slow-freezing groups, cortical gaps were repaired and bone continuity was observed within 6 weeks of OMCS transplantation. Moreover, while no significant difference was found in osteocalcin expression between the three experimental groups, the biomechanical strength of femurs treated with slow-frozen OMCSs was significantly greater than those of non-transplant at 6 weeks post-injury. Collectively, these data suggest that slow-frozen OMCSs have superior osteogenic potential and are better suited to produce a mineralized matrix and repair sites of bone injury.
文摘Long Acting Injectable (LAI) medications for patients with schizophrenia is commonly administered to relieve their symptoms. Through shared decision-making and clinical evidence-based, psychiatrists should systematically offer LAIs to all patients requiring long-term antipsychotic treatment as a first-line treatment. Gluteal intramuscular (IM) injection requires accurate insertion of needles into the specific muscle area, often the outer upper quadrant of the buttocks, in order to achieve the required blood concentration. The purposes of this study were to compare the “Distance from the Epidermis to the Under-Fascia (DEUF)” and “Distance from the Epidermis to the Iliac Bone (DEB)” of the buttocks IM injection sites at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites among healthy Japanese volunteer subjects, and to identify the optimal insertion injection needle length. The DEUF and DEB at the gluteal regions were measured by ultrasonography. Welch’s one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the DEUF and the DEB at the gluteal IM injection regions. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the right and left mean values of DEUF for Hochstetter and Clark’s point at the ventrogluteal sites, and the Four and Three-way split or Double Cross point at the dorsogluteal sites. However in the DEB, the Hochstetter’s point (P < 0.01) at ventrogluteal site on the right side, and Clark’s point (P < 0.05) were significantly shorter than the Double Cross point at dorsogluteal sites (F = 4.38). The left buttocks Hochstetter’s point was significantly shorter than the Double Cross point (F = 4.38, P < 0.01). These results, however, did not establish a statistically significant difference in the DEUF among injection sites. It was considered that the difference in the DEB depended on muscle volume and thickness in the gluteal injection sites.
文摘背景:医用水凝胶是具有三维结构网络的新型功能高分子材料,具有出色的生物相容性,目前已在组织工程领域、药物载体领域有广泛研究,但基于组织工程探究医用水凝胶与中医药结合治疗疾病的研究还处于初期探索阶段。因此,通过对医用水凝胶机制作用的剖析,整合医用水凝胶与中医药在研究中联合应用的文章,进而更好地为科研工作者提供思路,对中医药与医用水凝胶联合应用具有重要意义。目的:基于组织工程研究探讨中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略及意义。方法:利用PubMed和中国知网数据库,检索有关中医药联合医用水凝胶在组织工程中应用的文献,检索时间为2010年1月至2022年11月,英文检索词为“hydrogel,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,tissue engineering”,中文检索词为“医用水凝胶、中医药、药物载体、组织工程”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,最终纳入61篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:①中医药联合医用水凝胶的应用虽然在关节内、组织器官内、软组织伤口和组织工程等方面有所涉及,但除了中医药结合水凝胶敷料在临床应用治疗软组织损伤外,其他方面尚处于基础实验阶段。②中医药联合医用水凝胶的发展有着巨大潜力和发展前景,但对于性能要求较高的凝胶在制造方面存在一定难度,理化性质精确掌握难度较大。③目前综合来看可注射水凝胶凭借着简便易用的特点,其在与中医药联合使用可延伸范围较广,可用于关节、器官和组织工程相关疾病的治疗;智能水凝胶有较高的灵敏度和可逆转化性也可满足特殊环境下的使用;将两者结合的中医药使用过程中还需要明确中药成分的作用机制。④中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略应着手于中医药对器官、组织、细胞的治疗作用联合适当种类的医用水凝胶进行匹配,可弥补传统中医给药方式和频繁给药的不足,在组织工程方面可以用水凝胶负载中药干预后的干细胞,或者同时负载中药和干细胞用于相关疾病的治疗。⑤在中医药联合医用水凝胶应用的未来研究中,还需要考虑:应当确保医用水凝胶生物性能可以量化,以不同材料不同制造工艺把握水凝胶特性,制造出所需要的符合应用条件的医用水凝胶;在中医药方面需要对已知中药单体、中药复方提取物的治疗效果和应用机制全面了解剖析,在更明了的机制下实现中医药与医用水凝胶更多更完美的结合;借助医学科技创新能力的不断提高,医用水凝胶可以创新性地结合中医药其他传统治疗方法比如针灸、推拿和拔罐等方式进行多角度运用。