Hemocoagulase Injection blood anesthesia in joint operation

Objective:To investigate the role of Hemocoagulase Injection used in the joint operation and the effect on the blood coagulable function.Methods:A total of 60 patients who undergoing joint operation in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups.Experiment group(Group A,n=30)was injected with 2 U Hemocoagulase Injection in 5 min before anesthesia induction.The contrast group(Group B,n=30)was treated with 0.9%normal saline in 5 min before anesthesia induction.Then common anesthesia was given to the two groups of patients.The venous blood was withdrawn for blood routine examination,thrombelastography and coagulable function at the time of pre-inducement, end of operation,and in 6 and 12 h after operation.The change of thrombelastograph and coagulable state were monitored during the whole surgery.And the volume of transfusion and hemorrhage between two groups was contrasted. Results:After the use of Hemocoagulase Injection,the operative time was shortened obviously(P<0.05).The volumes hemorrhage and transfusion was obviously smaller in Group A than in Group B(P<0.01).Hemocoagulase Injection did not influence fibrinogen and thrombelastograph of Group A(P>0.05).Conclusion:Hemocoagulase Injection can reduce the volumes of hemorrhage and transfusion and not influence the coagulable function.It is worth using in the joint operation.

Construction of a model of autologous blood intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with a double injection and double needle withdrawal and the characteristics of the operative technique

BACKGROUND ： Experimental animal models of intracerebral hemorrhag （ICH） are greatly needed, so the process of establishment should be ideal in hematoma formation and easy to operate. OBJECTIVE ： To construct model of ICH in rats with double injection of autologous blood taken from the cut tail cut and double withdrawal of the needle （shortened as two-step injection model）, and compare with those induced by single and double injections. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Thirty male Wistar rats of 10 to 12 months, weighing （400±25） g, provided by the Experimental Center of Medical Animals, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, were divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group： two-step injection group, single injection group, double injection group. METHODS ： The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from March to June in 2004. Autologous blood ICH model in rats were established as follows： In the two-step injection group, 50 μL unclotted autologous blood was taken from the rat tail cut, then injected with microsyringe into the caudate nucleus, 10 μL injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, and then the rest 40 μL injected slowly and continuously within 2 minutes. After the injection, the needle was kept immovable for about 4 minutes, withdrawn 2.0 mm, again kept immovable for about 4 minute, and then removed wholly at a slow speed. In the single injection group, 50 μL unclotted tail blood was injected slowly and continuously all within 2 minutes and the needle was slowly removed;（4） In the double injection group, 10 mL blood was injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, the rest 40 μL injected evenly within 2 minutes, and then the needle was withdrawn slowly and uninterruptedly. Neurologic findings were scored in accordance with Longa＇s five-point scale （0-4 scores, the higher the score, the severer the neurological dysfunction）. The rats were killed to remove and sections were prepared, the morphological features of hematomas were grossly observed, the maximal diameter and size of hematomas in each slice were measured with the imaging analytical system, and the volume was calculated. Meanwhile, the conveniences of the techniques were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The morphological features and volume of hematomas, neurologic deficit score （NDS）, and the convenience of the techniques were compared. RESULTS： All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. （1） Results of the morphological observation of volume of hematoma： In the two-step injection group, hematomas located in the right caudate nucleus area regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice. The formation rate of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were lower than those in the two-step injection group [60% （6/10）, 80% （8/10）, 100% （10/10）, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. The volume of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than those in the two-step injection group [（28.5±14.8）, （33.4±7.4）, （41.6±3.9） mm3, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. （2） NDS results： The NDS scores in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than that in the two-step injection group （0.90±0.83, 1.30±0.78, 1.90±0.57, P〈 0.05）. （3）Comparison of the convenience of the techniques： The double injection method allowed generating reproducible hematomas in rats with shortcomings that it needed autologous arterial blood from femoral artery, and precision instruments such as microinfusion pump. The two-step injection injected fresh unclotting blood taken directly from the tail cut with microsyringe into the rat brain, and it has the advantages of easy operation, no influence on the activity of thrombase, shorter duration for model establishment, and higher rate of hematoma formation, which could generate ideal and economical models of ICH. The two-step injection induced hemotoma regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice, but those induced by single and double injections were mostly in strip or fusiform shapes and extending along the needle tracks or into the ventricle or subarachnoid space. CONCLUSION ： The autologous blood ICH model induced by the two-step injection method is a reproducible and reliable one in regular shape, which is better than those induced by double and single injections.

Monolithic integration of electroabsorption modulators and tunnel injection distributed feedback lasers using quantum well intermixing

Electroabsorption modulators combining Franz-Keldysh effect and quantum confined Stark effect have been mono-lithically integrated with tunnel-injection quantum-well distributed feedback lasers using a quantum well intermixing method. Superior characteristics such as extinction ratio and temperature insensitivity have been demonstrated at wide temperature ranges.

Injector Quantum Dot Molecule Infrared Photodetector:A Concept for Efficient Carrier Injection

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors are expected to be a competitive technology at high oper ation temperatures in the long and very long wavelength infrared spectral range.Despite the fact that they already achieved notable success,the performance suffers from the thermionic emission of electrons from the quantum dots at elevated temperatures resulting in a decreasing responsivity.In order to provide an efficient carrier injection at high temperatures,quantum dot infrared photodetectors can be separated into two parts:an injection part and a detection part,so that each part can be separately optimized.In order to integrate such functionality into a device,a new class of quantum dot infrared photodetectors using quantum dot molecules will be introduced.In addition to a general discussion simulation results suggest a possibility to realize such a device.

注水井作业用压井液体系的构建及应用

针对压井液存在易污染地层,降低储层渗透率,压井作业风险大等问题,研究了一种密度在1.3~1.7 g/cm^(3)范围内可控的压井液体系,通过对压井液中各组分的筛选,确定了压井液的基本配方为:饱和盐水(NaCl)+1.5%~2.5%VI-F+1.0%~2.0%WET+3%PG-6+0.1%HY-3+B280。压井液的综合性能评价结果表明:压井液体系防膨率>95%,损害率<8%,滤失量<10 mL,表观黏度≤100 mPa·s,15 d内无沉降分层,具有良好的稳定性;现场试验表明,该压井液体系与地层配伍性良好,可实现有效压井作业,且对储层伤害性较小。

聚合物微球堵塞物的解堵技术

针对油气田注水井注入聚合物微球后堵塞致使压力升高欠注的问题,开展了解除聚合物微球堵塞物的研究,考察了解堵剂加量、反应温度、反应时间等对微球溶液黏度和粒径的影响,优化了解堵剂的最优作用条件同时进行了现场试验。结果表明:解堵剂(30%JT-1+35%HRJ+22%APG0814+10%H_(2)O+3%NaCl)可显著降低微球粒径和黏度。在同一解堵剂浓度下,反应时间越长,反应温度越高,解堵剂对微球堵塞物的作用效果越好;在同一盐浓度下,不同盐对解堵剂解堵效果的影响次序为:NaCl≥KCl>NH_4Cl。在室温下,2%微球+5%解堵剂的解堵液在反应4 h时黏度为1.46 m Pa·s,微球平均粒径为203.6 nm,与未加解堵剂的空白样(解堵液黏度为2.17mPa·s,平均粒径为3243.74 nm)比较,解堵液黏度下降了33%,微球粒径下降了94%,解堵液中的固体物含量由675 mg/L降至70 mg/L,下降近90%,解堵液的表面张力为24.89 mN/m、界面张力为1.849×10^(-2)mN/m,具有较高的表界面活性。采用该解堵剂在长庆现场进行了4口井的现场试验,取得良好解堵增注效果,较好解决了注水井长期注纳米微球后堵塞欠注问题。

大型注水管网最优运行模式判别规则及参数优选方法研究

注水管网的能耗是整个注水系统的能耗中有一个重要因素,体现在管网选用的运行模式以及参数优化2个方面。通过对大量注水数据的计算与评价,发现运行模式的选择与整个注水系统中各单井的压力分布特征有密切关系,据此形成了注水系统最优运行模式的五条判别规则。根据这些规则可以确定注水系统最优运行模式的选择方法和寻优计算步骤,并给出了不同模式的数学模型及运行参数的优选方法。在此基础上开发了注水系统最优运行模式智能判别软件,软件可以根据需要修改其运行参数,变换运行模式,便捷地模拟运行各种模式状态下的能耗情况,以寻找注水管网最优运行方案。最后通过一个计算实例演示如何通过改变运行模式和参数得到了一个能耗较低的方案。此结果表明本方法可以作为大型注水管网选择最优运行模式与参数优化的有效手段。

胜利油田储气库技术进展及发展方向

天然气地下储气库是战略储备、应急调峰、保障国家能源安全的重要基础设施,是老油田产业布局优化及绿色低碳转型发展的方向之一。胜利油田地质条件复杂,气藏埋藏浅、规模小、分布零散,油藏及含水圈闭资源丰富,但密封性评价难。针对这些特点,自“十三五”以来,储气库相关研究取得较大进展,先后完成了疏松砂岩气藏、气顶油藏和水层等不同类型储气库的研究和方案设计,建成了中国首座水淹废弃气藏型储气库——永21储气库,形成了具有胜利特色的水层型储气库目标筛选评价、水层型储气库注采运行优化设计、储气库圈闭密封性评价和储气库跟踪评价等关键技术。目前,其他类型储气库建设仍面临资料少、规模小、效益差、圈闭动态密封性评价难度大等问题和挑战,需要在油藏型储气库库址筛选评价、零散气砂体组合建库、高含水油藏协同建库等方面提出相应的技术对策和攻关方向,为胜利油田储气库规模建设、绿色发展提供技术支撑。

裂缝-孔隙型枯竭气藏储气库一体化注采运行评价

为诊断评价裂缝-孔隙型枯竭气藏储气库注采运行状况及单井注采能力,针对中原油田储气库,建立考虑应力敏感的裂缝-孔隙型储层-井筒-地面一体化模型,以一体化模拟为手段,以地层压力、注采气量界限为约束,分析储气库注采能力影响因素,诊断储气库注采运行制约瓶颈,评价储气库系统注采能力。研究表明:井口和井底压力、油管尺寸等对储气库注采气量影响较大;储气库气藏压力低于27 MPa,所受应力超过50 MPa,采气指数明显下降,应力敏感性更强;低压时可能存在临界携液情况,但无冲蚀影响;压力下合理注气量为71×10^(4)m^(3)/d,合理采气量43×10^(4)m^(3)/d。此研究可为裂缝-孔隙型储气库注采运行评价提供参考。

醒脑静注射液联合尼莫地平注射液对脑出血术后患者颅内血流及康复效果的影响

目的观察醒脑静注射液联合尼莫地平注射液对脑出血术后患者颅内血流及康复效果的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2021年12月中国贵航集团三○二医院收治的脑出血术后患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为联合组(n=50)和单一组(n=50)。2组均接受脑出血术后常规治疗,单一组在常规治疗基础上加用尼莫地平注射液治疗,联合组在单一组基础上加用醒脑静注射液治疗,2组均持续治疗2周。比较2组治疗前后颅内血流指标(大脑中动脉、基底动脉血流速度)、血清神经损伤指标[神经特异性烯醇酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)],疗程结束时与随访1个月后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、脑卒中专门化生活质量量表(SS-QOL)评分及不良反应。结果治疗2周后,2组大脑中动脉、基底动脉血流速度均大于治疗前,且联合组大于单一组(P<0.01);2组NSE、GFAP水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于单一组(P<0.01)。随访1个月后,2组NIHSS评分低于疗程结束时,SS-QOL评分高于疗程结束时,且联合组低/高于单一组(P<0.01)。治疗期间2组均未见明显不良反应,联合组与单一组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(12.00%vs.6.00%,χ^(2)=1.099,P=0.295)。结论醒脑静注射液联合尼莫地平注射液对脑出血术后患者的康复效果较好,可促进颅内血流恢复,减轻脑组织缺血缺氧性损伤,安全性较高。

Development of Superhydrophobic Nano-SiO_(2)and Its Field Application in Low-permeability,High-temperature,and High-salinity Oil Reservoirs

In this study,to meet the stringent requirements on the hydrophobicity of nano-SiO_(2)particles for use in depressurization and enhanced injection operations in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs,secondary chemical grafting modification of nano-SiO_(2)is performed using a silane coupling agent to prepare superhydrophobic nano-SiO_(2) particles.Using these superhydrophobic nano-SiO_(2)particles as the core agent,and liquid paraffin or diesel as the dispersion medium,a uniform dispersion of nano-SiO_(2)particles is achieved under high-speed stirring,and a chemically enhanced water injection system with colloidal stability that can be maintained for more than 60 d is successfully developed.Using this system,a field test of depressurization and enhanced injection is carried out on six wells in an oilfield,and the daily oil production level is increased by 11 t.The cumulative increased water injection is 58784 m^(3),the effective rate of the measures was 100%,and the average validity period is 661 d.

Bow-tie技术在CCUS项目注入系统的应用

二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术是实现化石能源低碳化利用的重要技术手段。但CCUS全流程存在二氧化碳泄漏、冻伤、窒息以及物体打击等风险,特别是注入系统涉及高压、低温及二氧化碳多相态变化等,易造成二氧化碳腐蚀、泄漏。通过Bow-tie技术对某CCUS项目注入系统开展风险识别、分析和控制,重点对设备设施及作业活动危害因素分析并制定有效管控措施,研究结果可为CCUS注入系统长期安全平稳高效运行提供技术支持。

列控车载ATP设备操作培训平台关键技术研究与软件实现

为提高列控车载ATP设备的操作培训质量,考虑培训设备操作反应真实、故障模拟场景丰富、司机视角显示准确等需求,提出一种基于真实列控车载ATP设备应用软件的操作培训平台设计方案。通过运行脚本和软件插桩2种故障注入方式,实现操作培训平台的故障模拟;设计基于PID控制的司机视角同步跟踪显示算法,对司机视角的显示内容进行精准控制,并从视觉显示流畅度和列车位置准确度两方面验证算法的可行性。该培训平台与现场真实设备反应一致,具备模拟多种故障场景、沉浸式操作等优点,可为其他类似培训平台的设计提供参考。

油田注汽站运行中安全隐患分析及防范措施

燃气注汽站由于其特殊性,存在着各种安全隐患,如气体泄漏、火灾爆炸、设备故障等。这些隐患可能对人员安全和环境造成严重威胁,因此需要进行定期的安全检查和培训,加强监测和应急准备,以确保燃气注汽站的安全运行和环境保护。本文就油田燃气注汽站运行中存在的安全隐患进行了分析,并提出了相应的防范措施。通过加强注汽站的安全管理,定期检查和维护设备,加强员工培训,建立应急预案等措施,可以有效预防事故的发生,确保注汽站的安全运行。

油田注水管网运行优化技术研究

为降低油田注水管网的运行能耗,在分析注水泵特性曲线的前提下,根据相似定律获取了单泵调速、多泵并联和多泵串联运行方式下的高效工作范围,以运行费用最低和改造费用最少为目标函数,在考虑泵运行方式约束、水量平衡约束、末点压力约束、管径约束和树状管网约束的条件下,进行了实例分析与验证。结果表明,降低泵的转速,可大幅降低泵的输出功率,优化后1#注水站的输出总功率从3 200 kW降至2 615 kW;优化后需各类管道改造费用56.26万元,日耗电量从21.12×10^(4)kWh降至18.25×10^(4)kWh,预计每天可减少运行费用3 740元,全年可节约运行费用733.28万元;实际注水量与配注量的平均偏差仅为2.68%,提高了注水管网运行的稳定和经济性。

玻璃酸钠联合塞来昔布用于膝骨关节炎射频术后临床评价

目的探讨玻璃酸钠联合塞来昔布用于膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者射频术后的临床疗效。方法选取医院2020年10月至2022年1月收治的行射频术的KOA患者108例,按治疗方案的不同分为对照组和观察组,各54例。两组患者均于射频术后第1天起口服塞来昔布胶囊,观察组患者加予膝眼关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠注射液。两组均连续用药5周,随访6个月。结果观察组总有效率为94.44%,显著高于对照组的79.63%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的P物质、β-内啡肽、神经肽Y、5-羟色胺和前列腺素E2水平,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α、类风湿因子和白细胞介素6水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月,观察组患者的美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分量表得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论玻璃酸钠联合塞来昔布用于KOA患者射频术后,能有效提高临床疗效,降低疼痛介质和炎性因子水平,改善患者的疼痛程度和膝关节功能。

海上油田注水系统扩容研究与分析

随着某油田内外挂调整井投产,以及部分电泵井由采油转注水,现有注水电力系统已无法满足注水需求。针对上述难题,油田对注水系统研究,通过新增一套注水系统转变为一用两备,以及尝试双泵运行电力系统分析,注水泵最终实现两用一备运行模式,达到油田注水需求目的。

MH油田转输系统降凝剂优选及经济性对比

为改善MH油田转输系统原油的流动性,确保原油安全流动的同时减少运行能耗、提高转输系统的经济效益,对MH油田转输系统进行现场调研取样,开展了原油降凝剂实验研究,实现转输系统常温集输。根据原油凝点降幅的物性筛选出适用于MH油田转输系统的降凝剂类型2#降凝剂(聚丙烯酸酯类)。与现场使用的阻垢剂、缓蚀剂、破乳剂进行配伍性实验,该降凝剂与各化学药剂间的配伍性良好。结合现场流动运行工况,最终确定MH油田4个转输系统中降凝剂的经济加注质量浓度,MA18和MA131转油站为10 mg/L,MA2和AI2转油站为20 mg/L。通过分析现场加热情况发现,加降凝剂输送冬夏季的运行能耗费用均大幅降低,直接减少了加热炉耗气量,由此也减少了加热输送的碳排放量,从而实现了MH油田转输系统的安全、经济、环保运行。

油田增产作业过程中油层保护配套技术研究

为了搞清油田增产作业过程中应如何有效保护油层,针对油田开发进入中后期所面临的油藏条件日益复杂的问题,开展了油层伤害分析及油层保护工艺技术等方面的研究工作。研究结果表明:不同砂层组之间存在敏感性差异,评价结果为增产作业设计和油层保护措施的制定提供了重要依据。清水、卤水、未处理油田采出水和常规酸液均会对油层造成不同程度的伤害,伤害率一般为30%~80%,伤害机理包括黏土矿物水化膨胀、机械性堵塞和化学反应产生的沉淀等。在洗井过程中采用低密度洗井液洗井技术,与清水洗井相比,能够显著提高增油效果。压井过程中采用低伤害压井液压井技术和“带压”作业工艺,能有效减少压井液对油层的伤害,提高岩心渗透率恢复率达到88%以上。该研究成果,对提高油田开发效率和最终采收率、延长油井生产周期以及实现油田开发高效、安全、环保的目标具有重要指导意义。