Evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive nursing measures for pressure injuries in patients in the neurology intensive care unit

BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complications to patients,but also increases medical burden,prolongs hospitalization time,and affects the recovery process.AIM To evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention nursing measures in neurology ICU patients.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 60 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Neurology were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of admission,with 30 people in each group.The observation group implemented pressure injury prevention and nursing measures,while the control group adopted routine care.RESULTS Comparison between observation and control groups following pressure injury prevention nursing intervention revealed significantly lower incidence rates in the observation group compared to the control group at 48 h(8.3%vs 26.7%),7 d(16.7%vs 43.3%),and 14 d(20.0%vs 50.0%).This suggests a substantial reduction in pressure injury incidence in the observation group,with the gap widening over time.Additionally,patients in the observation group exhibited quicker recovery,with a shorter average time to get out of bed(48 h vs 72 h)and a shorter average length of stay(12 d vs 15 d)compared to the control group.Furthermore,post-intervention,patients in the observation group reported significantly improved quality of life scores,including higher scores in body satisfaction,feeling and function,and comfort(both psychological and physiological),indicating enhanced overall well-being and comfort following the implementation of pressure injury prevention nursing measures.CONCLUSION Implementing pressure injury preventive care measures for neurology ICU patients will have better results.

Comprehensive applicability evaluation of four precipitation products at multiple spatiotemporal scales in Northwest China

Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest China.Obtaining accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought relief.Currently,the applicability of multi-source precipitation products for long time series in Northwest China has not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,precipitation data from 183 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 were selected to assess the regional applicability of four precipitation products(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series Version 4.07(CRU TS v4.07,hereafter CRU),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM))based on the following statistical indicators:correlation coefficient,root mean square error(RMSE),relative bias(RB),mean absolute error(MAE),probability of detection(POD),false alarm ratio(FAR),and equitable threat score(ETS).The results showed that precipitation in Northwest China was generally high in the east and low in the west,and exhibited an increasing trend from 1979 to 2020.Compared with the station observations,ERA5 showed a larger spatial distribution difference than the other products.The overall overestimation of multi-year average precipitation was approximately 200.00 mm and the degree of overestimation increased with increasing precipitation intensity.The multi-year average precipitation of GPCC and CRU was relatively close to that of station observations.The trend of annual precipitation of TRMM was overestimated in high-altitude regions and the eastern part of Lanzhou with more precipitation.At the monthly scale,GPCC performed well but underestimated precipitation in the Tarim Basin(RB=-4.11%),while ERA5 and TRMM exhibited poor accuracy in high-altitude regions.ERA5 had a large bias(RB≥120.00%)in winter months and a strong dispersion(RMSE≥35.00 mm)in summer months.TRMM showed a relatively low correlation with station observations in winter months(correlation coefficients≤0.70).The capture performance analysis showed that ERA5,GPCC,and TRMM had lower POD and ETS values and higher FAR values in Northwest China as the precipitation intensity increased.ERA5 showed a high capture performance for small precipitation events and a slower decreasing trend of POD as the precipitation intensity increased.GPCC had the lowest FAR values.TRMM was statistically ineffective for predicting the occurrence of daily precipitation events.The findings provide a reference for data users to select appropriate datasets in Northwest China and for data developers to develop new precipitation products in the future.

Comparative Study of Evaluation Indicators for Learning Cities and the Implications

With the development of society,more and more cities are participating in the initiative to build learning cities.Constructing an evaluation indicator system for learning cities to monitor the progress and promote their growth has become increasingly important.This paper analyzes the preliminary framework of the UNESCO Global Learning City Index and R3L+Quality Framework.The comparison is made from the aspects of design philosophy,criteria of indicator,and the cycle of evaluation process.The findings suggest that the construction of an evaluation indicator system should be focused more on the diversity of learning city development,the construction of an evaluation process cycle,and the significance of building cooperative networks.

Study on the evaluation index system and evaluation method for self-elevating drilling unit design

In the process of designing self-elevating drilling unit, it is important, yet complicated, to use comparison and filtering to select the optimum scheme from the feasible ones. In this research, an index system and methodology for the evaluation of self-elevating drilling unit was proposed. Based on this, a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model was developed, using the improved grey relation Analysis （GRA）, in which the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weights of the evaluating indices. It considered the connections within the indices, reflecting the objective nature of things, and also considered the subjective interests of ship owners and the needs of designers. The evaluation index system and evaluation method can be used in the selection of an optimal scheme and advanced assessment. A case study shows the index system and evaluation method are scientific, reasonable, and easy to put into practice. At the same time, such an evaluation index system and evaluation method will be helpful for making decisions for other mobile platforms.

Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm Based on Density Units with Evaluation Feedback Section

This paper presents an effective clustering mode and a novel clustering result evaluating mode. Clustering mode has two limited integral parameters. Evaluating mode evaluates clustering results and gives each a mark. The higher mark the clustering result gains, the higher quality it has. By organizing two modes in different ways, we can build two clustering algorithms： SECDU（Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm based on Density Units） and SECDUF（Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm Based on Density Units with Evaluation Feedback Section）. SECDU enumerates all value pairs of two parameters of clustering mode to process data set repeatedly and evaluates every clustering result by evaluating mode. Then SECDU output the clustering result that has the highest evaluating mark among all the ones. By applying ＂hill-climbing algorithm＂, SECDUF improves clustering efficiency greatly. Data sets that have different distribution features can be well adapted to both algorithms. SECDU and SECDUF can output high-quality clustering results. SECDUF tunes parameters of clustering mode automatically and no man＇s action involves through the whole process. In addition, SECDUF has a high clustering performance.

Development unit division and favorable area evaluation for joint mining coalbed methane

Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane (CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the “three-step method” of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale;the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted;according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.

Evaluation of Brain CT Images of Eclamptics in Portharcourt Nigeria

Eclampsia is a common complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and in the puerperium with the attendant risk to both the mother and baby. Although it is a multi-systemic disorder, its manifestation that affects the brain and resulting in altered sensorium demands brain imaging to define the possible brain lesions and the implications for critical care management and outcome. We evaluated the CT brain lesions in the patients with eclampsia who were admitted in the intensive care unit, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Nigeria. Objective: To analyse the CT brain images of eclamptic parturients and the outcome following their admission in the intensive care unit. Methods: We undertook this observational study after obtaining ethical exemption from the University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital ethical review board, and commenced the review between March 2021 to February 2023. We included all parturients that were admitted into the intensive care unit of the University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital, a nine-bedded open intensive care unit with the clinical diagnosis of eclampsia. Every admitted parturient was required to obtain a brain computed tomography (CT) by local protocol. The brain CT images were retrieved for review from the parturients’ relatives, radiology department and the ICU. Parturients included were aged ≥ 18 years. The radiological reports of these brain images which were also reviewed by a neurosurgeon in case of any need for secondary opinion were subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Thirty-one parturients were admitted with eclampsia with a mean age of 30 years ± 5.29. Sixteen (16) parturients died representing 52%. Only twenty-four (24) CT brain images were retrieved for review (77%). The following brain lesions were identified from the brain CT and they comprised the following: intracerebral haemorrhage, including extensions into the ventricles 7 (29.17%), cerebral oedema 12 (50%), subdural hematoma 1 (4.17%) and normal imaging 4 (16.66%). The subdural haematoma was promptly evacuated with a good outcome. Conclusion: Neuro imaging comprising computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain are basic ancillary investigations for patients with eclampsia presenting with neurologic deficits and low GCS. Early presentation and access to brain CT could influence outcome as it was demonstrated in the prompt intervention in the patient with subdural haematoma which was evacuated with a satisfactory outcome.

Experimental Evaluation of Fixing Equipment for Improving the Efficiency of Modular Unit Systems

Modular unit systems provide an eco-friendly advanced construction method that improves productivity and reduces carbon emissions and construction waste. In these systems, the prefabrication ratio of the modules should be high in order to support these eco-friendly features. The purpose of this study was to verify the functionality and driving safety of fixing a modular unit with a high prefabrication ratio to a vehicle for transportation to the site using two novel adapter blocks specially developed for this purpose. When asked to evaluate their performance for this study, the truck drivers selected adaptor block type B as providing the highest convenience and functionality. In real-world driving experiments, maximum loads of 15 kN and 25 kN were measured on adapter block types A and B, respectively. Future improvements in the adapter blocks that take the safety ratio and the improved convenience of use into account are confidently expected to contribute to the eco-friendliness and the improved productivity of modular unit systems.

Performance Evaluation for Gas Production Units Based on ANP

In view of the existing situation of gas field development, one kind of method to evaluate the production performance of gas production units (GPUs) was presented in this paper. Among the commonly used indicators of gas field development, we select 11 indicators from the three aspects of production task, gas reservoir management, and production technology. According to the principle of analytic network process (ANP), this paper introduced one kind of new method to get the weights of indicators. By means of the method of TOPSIS, it is easy to obtain the rankings for all the GPUs through calculating the weighted Euclidean distance between each GPU and the positive or negative ideal point. This evaluation method could constantly improve the management level of gas production units and deepen the delicacy management of gas field development.

Occupational Therapy Evaluation for Stroke Adults in the United States

Of the 700,000 people in the United States who experience a new or recurrent stroke each year,more than 500,000 survive(American Stroke Association,2007)[1]. Occupational therapy practitioners are critical rehabilitation professionals for stroke survivors.

Electromyographic evaluation of functional electrical stimulation to injured oculomotor nerve

Functional electrical stimulation delivered early after injury to the proximal nerve stump has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for enhancing the speed and specificity of axonal regeneration following nerve injury. In this study, the injured oculomotor nerve was stimulated functionally by an implantable electrode. Electromyographic monitoring of the motor unit potential of the inferior oblique muscle was conducted for 12 weeks in two injury groups, one with and one without electric stimulation. The results revealed that, at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after functional electric stimulation of the injured oculomotor nerve, motor unit potentials significantly increased, such that amplitude was longer and spike duration gradually shortened. These findings indicate that the injured oculomotor nerve has the potential for regeneration and repair, but this ability is not sufficient for full functional recovery to occur. Importantly, the current results indicated that recovery and regeneration of the injured oculomotor nerve can be promoted with functional electrical stimulation.

BLAST PLANNING AND VIBRATION EVALUATION IN QUARRIES

Rock excavation in quarries is normally carried out by using explosives. The steps in planning of cutting face are based on the appropriate design for angles of cut and the optimum consumption of charge weights. Priority procedures in planning are the stability of bench excavation,vibration evaluation,and the selection for the blast patterns. The methods of analysis are described and compared with field results. From several cases of trial cut angles and changing geometry of blast dimensions,the result of an optimum pattern in a specific quarry,with respect to the acceptable global unit cost is achieved.

ICU患者静脉血栓栓塞风险评估模型的研究进展

ICU患者是发生静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的高危人群,早期识别VTE发生风险至关重要。但目前专门用于ICU患者的VTE风险评估模型非常有限。本文主要针对可应用于ICU患者的VTE风险评估模型进行综述,旨在为临床选择适合的风险评估模型及构建适合我国ICU患者的VTE风险评估模型提供参考。

融合表面肌电和姿势信息的轮椅绩效评价方法

目的为客观评价轮椅的使用效益,使用表面肌电设备测试轮椅使用过程中的肌电信号,并融合姿势信号IMU来构建人机评价模型。方法分别对轮椅的折叠、刹车方式及行驶坡度进行试验来评估轮椅的使用绩效,通过对比用力肌群间的疲劳状况来判定较为舒适的轮椅折叠及刹车方式。实验要求被试者在执行轮椅任务时,分别使用两种折叠方式和三种刹车方式不同的轮椅进行实验,并在操作动作任务过程中采集sEMG和IMU信号,在实验任务结束后填写NASA-TLX量表。结果根据模型的评价指标对实验数据进行了比较与分析,横向收折式折叠和凹口式刹车(手刹位于前方)的轮椅疲劳度低,在3~4°坡度范围下轮椅使用者的受力最小,较为舒适,从而验证了模型在轮椅人机评价上的可行性,为优化轮椅设计提供参考。结论人机评价模型适用于评估产品绩效,同时提出的融合表面肌电和姿势信息的轮椅绩效评价方法具有较高的精度和准确性,能够有效地评估轮椅使用者的绩效水平。

课程思政视域下化工单元操作课程体系重构的研究

新时代背景下高职课程思政改革持续进行,本文研究课程思政视域下化工单元操作的课程体系改革和重构,分析原有课程体系的问题,从而构建新的课程体系框架,坚持全方位、全程育人的原则,以化工企业岗位需求为主线,引进企业文化和思政元素,深化校企合作,优化高职教学模式与思政教育的融合途径,以达到培养高素质高技能型人才的目标。

飞轮储能辅助火电机组一次调频及其性能评价

为促进太阳能、风能等新能源消纳,进一步拓宽火电储能技术升级和灵活性改造渠道,助力双碳目标和新型电力系统建设,提出增设储能系统辅助火电机组调频以解决火电机组爬坡慢、机组振荡不稳定等问题。基于国内外研究现状,提出机组以及储能系统荷电状态出力控制策略模型,通过Matlab/Simulink搭建两区域电网进行模拟仿真。结果表明,在阶跃扰动下区域1机组耦合1 MW飞轮储能系统后,峰值降至1.93×10^(-3)pu,降低4×10^(-4) pu,占原频率波动率的9.39%,机组实际出力从2.45×10^(-2)pu降至1.61×10^(-2)pu,降低34%。结果表明,在外界相同扰动条件下,采用飞轮储能辅助火电机组调频可有效减小系统频率波动量,减少汽轮机输出功率波动,提升调频性能。

高原滨湖城市社区低碳生态评价体系构建及应用

基于高原滨湖城市的低碳生态发展需求,梳理现有低碳生态社区相关理论,选取可量化指标,构建包括道路交通、自然生态、土地利用和基础设施4个准则项、16个指标项的高原滨湖城市社区低碳生态评价体系,并以大理市主城区22个城市社区单元为研究对象,综合评价其低碳生态情况,得出以下结果:22个社区整体呈现“核心-边缘”格局,9个低碳型或较低碳型社区均分布在核心街道(下关街道),外围社区得分沿苍山路和人民北路递减且多为高碳型或较高碳型社区,这些社区与城市空间形态相契合;22个社区各项指标存在显著差异,其中街道朝向符合气候及滨湖地形特征;下关街道公共服务设施集聚且设施能源使用效率高,在有限用地条件下呈现出“服务-就业”双中心的特点。针对评价结果,提出倡导绿色低碳出行模式、优化生态空间格局、复合提升土地利用效率和完善升级基础设施配置的策略,以期为高原滨湖城市社区的低碳生态发展提供参考。

高质量发展视域下美国生涯与技术教育评价指标体系构建与启示

为实现高质量发展目标,美国生涯与技术教育亟需考察经费投入效果,转变问责评价重点,并构建了以“评价维度—评价要素—评价标准”为核心的三级评价指标体系。该指标体系具有评价维度立足多视角和全方位,评价要素体现全纳性和公平性,评价标准重视以学生为中心等特征。借鉴其基本思路,我国职业教育评价指标体系的构建,需树立全面的高质量评价观、关注多元化的评价主体需求、设计以人为本的评价内容。

生态环境分区管控跟踪评估技术及应用探索——以上海市为试点

开展生态环境分区管控跟踪评估是推动生态环境分区管控制度落地生效的重要手段。本研究探讨了省、市层级和环境管控单元层级的生态环境分区管控实施情况跟踪评估体系。根据国家生态环境分区管控制度建设目标,结合管理实际,提出了省、市层级生态环境分区管控跟踪评估指标体系构建及实施机制的初步设想;提出了环境管控单元层级生态环境分区管控跟踪评估指标体系、实施机制及评估结果应用场景,以上海市产业园区生态环境分区管控及规划环评实施情况跟踪评估为试点,分析了实施成效,可为各省份、地级市开展生态环境分区管控跟踪评估工作、构建全链条环评管理体系提供参考。

一体化推进城市体检与城市更新的方法探索

城市发展的动力转变与面临的新挑战对城市规划建设管理工作提出新的要求,在梳理更新导向的体检方法、体检与城市更新联动机制、数据底盘与信息平台衔接等方面问题基础上,提出整体性推进城市体检与城市更新的方法路径。一是从整体性认识“住房、小区(社区)、街区、城区(城市)”4个维度的体检任务,并立足区域差异性因地制宜制定体检特色指标;二是从多尺度联动的问题清单识别,兼顾近期与长期的问题判读,问题与潜力双导向的综合评价等方面开展问题诊断与综合评价,并对“城市病”成因做综合剖析。在此基础上,构建城市体检与城市更新的联动机制,厘清不同层级政府的体检与更新工作重心,同时加强智能信息平台对多层级城市体检与城市更新的支撑,形成体检与更新一体化数据库和“一张图”管理系统。最后,提出应开展以“政府+第三方”的体检工作绩效评估,形成一体化推进城市体检与城市更新的工作机制闭环。