Differential Proteomics Reveals the Potential Injury Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ion Radiation in Mice Ovaries

在现在的学习，我们基于在 pubertal Swiss-Webster 鼠标的卵巢的纸巾调查蛋白质表示的引用地图使遭到了到碳离子放射(CIR ) 的二维的电气泳动(2-DE ) 使用了一条 proteomics 途径。在识别蛋白质之中， ubiquitin carboxy 终端 hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1 ) 与房间周期 [1] 和那被联系它在卵巢的纸巾影响增长。我们分析了 UCH-L1 和增长标记增长房间的表示用 immunoblotting 和 immunofluorescence 跟随 CIR 的原子抗原(PCNA ) 。proteomics 和生物化学的结果在卵巢的纸巾提供卓见进 CIR 毒性的内在的机制。

Identification of injury type using somatosensory and motor evoked potentials in a rat spinal cord injury model

The spinal cord is at risk of injury during spinal surgery.If intraoperative spinal co rd injury is identified early,irreve rsible impairment or loss of neurological function can be prevented.Different types of spinal cord injury result in damage to diffe rent spinal cord regions,which may cause diffe rent somatosensory and motor evoked potential signal res ponses.In this study,we examined electrophysiological and histopathological changes between contusion,distra ction,and dislocation spinal cord injuries in a rat model.We found that contusion led to the most severe dorsal white matter injury and caused considerable attenuation of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials.Dislocation resulted in loss of myelinated axons in the lateral region of the injured spinal cord along the rostrocaudal axis.The amplitude of attenuation in motor evoked potential responses caused by dislocation was greater than that caused by contusion.After distraction injury,extracellular spaces were slightly but not significantly enlarged;somatosensory evoked potential res ponses slightly decreased and motor evoked potential responses were lost.Correlation analysis showed that histological and electrophysiological findings we re significantly correlated and related to injury type.Intraope rative monitoring of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials has the potential to identify iatrogenic spinal cord injury type during surgery.

The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes

Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.

Effects of flexibility and strength training on peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting

Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.Methods:A total of 20 male college students(aged 18-24 years)participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group.Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Flexibility,sprinting,and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions.Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.Results:Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head(p<0.026)and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles(p<0.004).Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles(p<0.041)and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting(p<0.017).Conclusion:Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.

Detailed description of Division I ice hockey concussions:Findings from the NCAA and Department of Defense CARE Consortium

Objective:Since concussion is the most common injury in ice hockey,the objective of the current study was to elucidate risk factors,specific mechanisms,and clinical presentations of concussion in men’s and women’s ice hockey.Methods:Ice hockey players from 5 institutions participating in the Concussion Assessment,Research,and Education Consortium were eligible for the current study.Participants who sustained a concussion outside of this sport were excluded.There were 332(250 males,82 females)athletes who participated in ice hockey,and 47(36 males,11 females)who sustained a concussion.Results:Previous concussion(odds ratio(OR)=2.00;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.02‒3.91)was associated with increased incident concussion odds,while wearing a mouthguard was protective against incident concussion(OR=0.43;95%CI:0.22‒0.85).Overall,concussion mechanisms did not significantly differ between sexes.There were specific differences in how concussions presented clinically across male and female ice hockey players,however.Females(9.09%)were less likely than males(41.67%)to have a delayed symptom onset(p=0.045).Additionally,females took significantly longer to reach asymptomatic(p=0.015)and return-to-play clearance(p=0.005).Within the first 2 weeks post-concussion,86.11%of males reached asymptomatic,while only 45.50%of females reached the same phase of recovery.Most males(91.67%)were cleared for return to play within 3 weeks of their concussion,compared to less than half(45.50%)of females.Conclusion:The current study proposes possible risk factors,mechanisms,and clinical profiles to be validated in future concussions studies with larger female sample sizes.Understanding specific risk factors,concussion mechanisms,and clinical profiles of concussion in collegiate ice hockey may generate ideas for future concussion prevention or intervention studies.

“When you’re down, stay down”:A lesson for all competitive alpine skiers supported by an ACL rupture measured in vivo

Background:During an experiment,a ski racer equipped with various measurement devices suffered an anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)rupture in his right knee.The aim of this study was to describe the underlying injury mechanism from a functional perspective.Methods:Eight giant slalom turns(i.e.,4 left turns),followed by 1 left turn at which the ACL injury occurred,were recorded by 2 video cameras,electromyography of 4 relevant muscle groups,inertial measurement units to measure knee and hip angles,and pressure insoles to determine ground reaction forces.Results:Due to a loss of balance,the ski racer began to slide sideways at the apex of a left turn.During sliding,his right(outside)leg was actively abducted upward without touching the ground.The ski racer then attempted to stand up again by dropping his leg back towards the snow surface.The end of this dropping was accompanied by a decrease in electromyographic activity in the knee stabilizing muscles.Once the inside edge of the outer ski caught the snow surface,a rapidly increasing peak force,knee flexion,and an aggressive sudden activation of the vastus medialis muscle were observed,while biceps femoris and rectus femoris further decreased their activation levels.This likely resulted in excessive anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur,causing damage to the ACL.Conclusion:Our example emphasizes that ski racers should not get up until they stop sliding.Remember:“When you’re down,stay down.”

Achilles Tendon Rupture with Isolated Medial Malleolar Fracture in Ipsilateral Ankle:A Case Report

Achilles tendon ruptures and malleol fractures are commonly seen injuries in orthopaedic and traumatology practice, but what is rare is their concomitant. In this report, we aimed to present a rare case of a patient who has isolated medial malleolar fracture and achilles tendon rupture in ipsilateral ankle after an ankle sprain due to a fall from stairs and mechanism of injury.

Mechanical Eye Trauma Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors, and Management Controversies—An Update

Purpose of Review: The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available information in the literature and author experience. This review presents a workable framework from the first presentation, epidemiology, classification, investigations, management principles, complications, prognostic factors, final visual outcome and management debates. Review Findings: Mechanical ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness and possible handicap worldwide. Among several classification systems, the most widely accepted is Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Mechanical ocular trauma is a topic of unsolved controversy. Patching for corneal abrasion, paracentesis for hyphema, the timing of cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are all issues in anterior segment injuries. Regarding posterior segment controversies, the timing of vitrectomy, use of prophylactic cryotherapy, the necessity of intravitreal antibiotics in the absence of infection, the use of vitrectomy vs vitreous tap in traumatic endophthalmitis is the issues. The pediatric age group needs to be approached by a different protocol due to the risk of amblyopia, intraocular inflammation, and significant vitreoretinal adhesions. The various prognostic factors have a role in the final visual outcome. B scan is used to exclude R.D, Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and vitreous haemorrhage in hazy media. Individual surgical strategies are used for every patient according to the classification and extent of the injuries. Conclusion: This article examines relevant evidence on the management challenges and controversies of mechanical trauma of the eye and offers treatment recommendations based on published research and the authors’ own experience.

Mechanisms of mid-thoracic spine fracture/dislocation due to falls during horse racing:A report of two cases

We reported two cases of jockeys who sustained fracture/dislocation of the mid-thoracic spine due to traumatic falls during horse racing.We examined the injury mechanism based upon the patients’diagnostic images and video footage of races,in which the accidents occurred.Admission imaging of patient 1(a 42 years old male)revealed T5 burst fracture with bony retropulsion of 7 mm causing complete paralysis below T5/6.There existed 22°focal kyphosis at T5/6,anterolisthesis of T5 relative to T6,T5/6 disc herniation,cord edema and epidural hemorrhage from T4 through T6,and cord injury from C3 through C6.Admission imaging of patient 2(a 23 years old male)revealed T4/5 fracture/dislocation causing incomplete paralysis below spinal level.There existed compression fractures at T5,T6,and T7;4 mm anterior subluxation of T4 on T5;diffuse cord swelling from T3 through T5;comminuted fracture of the C1 right lateral mass;right frontal traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage;and extensive diffuse axonal injury.The injuries were caused by high energy flexion-compression of the mid-thoracic spine with a flexed posture upon impact.Our results suggest that substantially greater cord compression occurred transiently during trauma as compared to that documented from admission imaging.Video footage of the accidents indicated that the spine buckled and failed due to abrupt pocketing and deceleration of the head,neck and shoulders upon impact with the ground combined with continued forward and downward momentum of the torso and lower extremities.While a similar mechanism is well known to cause fracture/dislocation of the cervical spine,it is less common and less understood for mid-thoracic spine injuries.Our study provides insight into the etiology of fracture/dislocation patterns of the mid-thoracic spine due to falls during horse racing.

Effects of mechanical operation-induced root injury on maize growth and yield

A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 by using artificial root pruning to simulate mechanical root injury caused by agricultural machinery components and reveal its effects on maize growth and yield.Quasi-level orthogonal experimental design was employed to create orthogonal tables with four factors of interest,namely,pruning time(jointing stage,JS;big trumpet period,BTP),pruning method(unilateral pruning,UNP;bilateral pruning,BIP),pruning distance(5,10,and 15 cm)and pruning depth(5,10,and 15 cm).Results revealed that (1)maize growth was inhibited at the beginning of root pruning;(2)stem diameter(SD)and plant height(PHE)were smaller than those of the control check(CK)but exceeded the latter after 20 d of root pruning in JS;(3)SD and PHE were always smaller than those of the CK under root pruning in BTP;(4)T8(BTP,BIP,5 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth)can reach to a significant level(p<0.01).The vertical distribution and total dry weight(TDW)of maize roots in soil were affected by different root pruning treatments.When pruning in JS,the root ratio in 0-10 cm soil was 11.6%in T2(JS,UNP,a pruning distance of 10 cm and pruning depth of 10 cm).When pruning in BTP,the root ratio of 10-20 cm soil layer increased by 15%.However,the TDW of maize decreased,the largest of which occurred in T8 at 53%.With the exception of a 0.43%increase in T3(JS,UNP,15 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth),the maize yield of all other treatments decreased compared with that of CK,and the largest reduction was in T8 at up to 19.1%.This finding suggests that a small pruning distance and a large pruning depth greatly influence the growth and yield of maize before and during pruning in BTP.The influence of BIP is greater than that of UNP.These results provide evidence for the effects of mechanical root injury on maize growth and yield and serve as a reference for the selection of mechanical topdressing parameters.

SIRT1 Protects Cortical Neurons from Shear Stress Induced Mechanical Injury

Emerging evidence implicates that SIRT1,one of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase,is involved in the regulation of neuronal survival.However,the role of SIRT1 in mechanical injury is still unclear.Here,we first established a mechanical injury model of rat cortical neurons through exposing to 10 dyn/cm 2 laminar shear stress for 4 h.At the same time,we found that SIRT1 expression increased during the process of shear stress induced neuronal injury.SIRT1 overexpression in cortical neurons significantly decreased the percentage of died cells induced by shear stress.Our results demonstrate that SIRT1 may play potential neuroprotective effects in shear stress induced mechanical injury.

Effects of a soccer-specific vertical jump on lower extremity landing kinematics

Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury frequently occurs in female soccer athletes during deceleration movements such as landings.In soccer,landings mostly occur following jumping headers.Little research has been done to determine the mechanics that follow and how they compare to standard drop vertical jumps(DVJ).The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in kinematics between the DVJ and the soccer-specific vertical jump(SSVJ)in female soccer athletes to better assess the sport-specific risk for ACL injury.A secondary aim was to compare second landings(L2)to first landings(L1).Eight female recreational soccer athletes performed DVJs and SSVJs initiated from a 31 cm height.Motion capture was performed during landings and data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.SSVJs produced less peak hip flexion(p=0.03)and less peak knee flexion(p=0.002)than DVJs.SSVJs also demonstrated increased ankle plantarflexion at initial contact(IC)than DVJs(p=0.005).L2s produced less peak hip(p=0.007)and knee flexion(p=0.002)than L1s.SSVJs and L2s displayed a more erect landing posture than the DVJs and L1s at the hip and knee,a known ACL risk factor.The significant results between jump styles show that the SSVJ displays mechanics that are different from the DVJ.The SSVJ may be a better sport-specific screening tool for ACL injury mechanisms than the DVJ in soccer athletes as it has a more direct translation to the sport.