The Association between Perceived Injustice Following Traumatic Injury and Its Impact on Pain-Related, Mental Health and Functional Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Background: There is growing evidence suggesting that those who suffer traumatic injury display high levels of perceived injustice which impedes their recovery, both physically and mentally. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the association between perceived injustice and pain-related, mental health and functional outcomes in patients who have suffered a traumatic injury. Methods: In May 2023, a systematic review of the literature was performed on the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews. Papers were collected and analysed as per PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The outcomes of interest were pain intensity, pain interference, disability, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. The initial search identified 59 papers. Of these papers, five studies met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analysed (N = 1172). Each of the papers was published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language. Individuals with pain or pathology prior to the trauma and those who were not hospitalised following the trauma were excluded from the study. Results: Of the papers reviewed, each study indicated significant associations between perceived injustice and pain, disability, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as reduced return to work status. Conclusion: This systematic review investigated the relationship between perceived injustice and pain-related, mental health, and functional outcomes in trauma patients. The results highlight the negative role that perceived injustice has on recovery following traumatic injury. Further, it provokes the need for future research regarding the implementation of therapeutic interventions and the development of predictive models of injustice.

Lear——A Combination of Justice and InjusticeAnalysis of Lear's Character in King Lear

With no knowledge of justice, Lear makes a serious mistake in judgment. If one cannot manage the relationship between justice and injustice; particularly, if a ruler always thinks the justice should serve him but forgets he should as well obey the social disciplines; balance justice and injustice, this ruler will destroy his country. Only After a violent journey, Lear recognizes that he has misused justice and he bears responsibility for both his own problems and for those of others who suffers equally. He has learned that no one is above justice. The whole process makes Lear regret and remorse, which at the same time combines his justice and injustice.

“Oil Injustice” in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region: A Call for Responsive Governance

The injustice and chaos in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria resulting from the manner in which the oil industry is being run and regulated have since captured the attention of the world. Importantly, the 2011 UNEP Report on the Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland (a Niger Delta community) which revealed shocking levels of ecological degradation has helped to keep the issue on the front burners of international discussion. In this light, this article explores the nature of injustice in the oil producing areas of Nigeria;it assesses the regulatory mechanisms that have been set up to prevent and reverse the injustice in the region;and based on the inadequacies of the present system, it makes recommendations as to how the mechanisms might be better strengthened, and governance executed, all in a manner that is more responsive to the plight of the affected people.

Neurocognitive Variety in Neurotypical Environments: The Source of “Deficit” in Autism

As recent developments in autism research offer alternative explanations to the mainstream options, it can now be argued that the so-called cognitive deficits in the social domain associated with autism have been mischaracterized or, at least, oversimplified. We will use predictive models within a 4E (i.e., embodied, embedded, enactive and extended) conception of cognition to address the question of cognitive impairment in psychiatrics and autism. Such models force us to reassess what “cognitive deficit” means by integrating the environment not only in its usual sense (evo-developmental), but by understanding all cognitive performances as embedded in environments (or fields of affordances) that shape and sustain them. By adopting a predictive 4E perspective, we aim to show that the “cognitive deficits” associated with autism are in fact mismatches between environmental resources and the particular form of neurological functioning of autistic people (neurodiversity), brought about by the fact that the cultural niches that set up the relevant fields of affordances are structured by and for neurotypicals. This mismatch leads to epistemic injustices, both testimonial and hermeneutic, that feed back into research on autism and clinical approaches, thereby making the “deficits” appear based on individual shortcomings. In this context, autism interventions should partly focus on the development of social policies aimed at modifying those aspects of cultural niches that make environments unsuitable for the full development of all individuals.

The Nigerian Civil War(1967-1970):New Theories,Old Problem,Fresh Crisis

Theories of civil war onset are adjuncts to extant literature on the“correlates of war”.The theories are fresh efforts at explaining and examining the evolution of empirical research on the causes of internal conflict onset.These theories serve as frameworks to analyse the structural and psychological conditions responsible for the fragility of war within the state,particularly in respect of mobilization and strategic confrontation.This article reviews the theories in light of the Nigerian experience and contends that some of the underlying issues that precipitated the Nigerian Civil War(1967-1970)still exist and need to be de-established in order to attenuate their resurgent capability.The article makes a case for constructive and functional integration of the multiple nationalities that make up the Nigerian state as a way of preserving the corporate existence of the country.It also submits that perceived injustice is not just injurious to a system;it is capable of causing a dysfunction within the state because of its inflammatory war potential.

The Records of Anatomy in Ancient China

Through long-term observations and repeated practices of human body structure,anatomical knowledge in ancient China has gradually developed from the sprouting period when ancient Chinese hunted animals for survival,to anatomical exploration,which breaks the shackles of fear and religious rites.For example,Hua Tuo(华佗),a famous doctor in the period of The Three Kingdoms,did exquisite abdominal surgery;Yan Luozi(烟萝子),a Taoist priest in the period of The Five Dynasties,drew a map of human anatomy;Wang Weiyi(王唯一),a medical official in Northern Song dynasty,was responsible for casting acupuncture bronze figures,an anatomical mold for practicing acupuncture;Song Ci(宋慈),a forensic expert in Southern Song Dynasty,wrote Xi Yuan Ji Lu(《洗冤集录》Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified);Wang Qingren(王清任),a physician in Qing Dynasty wrote Yi Lin Gai Cuo(《医林改错》Correction on Errors in Medical Works).Ancient Chinese anatomy is far ahead of Western anatomy in understanding and describing human body structures.It has made great contributions to the emergence of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi's Internal Classic)and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of visceral manifestation theory and meridian and collateral theory.Even now,it has served the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practices.Anatomical knowledges,such as relevant operation records,books,Atlas,models in ancient China,especially the names of Zangorgan and Fu-organ,bones and five sense organs,are still used in modern anatomy and modern medicine,making indelible contributions to the development of modern anatomy in China.

(In)visibilities About the Vulnerabilities of People with Visual Impairments to Disasters and Climate Change:A Case Study in Cuiabaá,Brazil

People with visual impairments(PwVI)represent a heterogeneous social group who often experience significant disabling barriers in exercising their rights throughout their life course.Understanding dimensions of vulnerability of PwVI to disasters and climate change is an important issue to reduce the culture of neglected disasters.To date,few studies have analyzed visual impairment and disaster risk reduction(DRR)in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.This exploratory qualitative research project analyzed how to include PwVI in the DRR policies of Brazil.The research question is:how can we include PwVI in the discussion of DRR and climate change?The response to this question is part of a joint effort that involved a university,a hazard monitoring agency,and three institutions that work with PwVI.The three main results of the project are:(1)a mapping method to identify the exposure of PwVI to landslides and floods,and to create tactile risk maps tailored to them;(2)incorporating the voices of PwVI regarding their vulnerabilities and capacities with respect to disasters and climate change,achieved through shared interaction during 15 face to face interviews and one workshop attended by 100 people;and(3)an initiative of inclusive education to reduce some of the disabling barriers that intensify vulnerability.

On Justice in Pedagogical Contexts

Purpose:This article explores the question of what is meant by justice in pedagogical contexts and whether there is a proven pedagogical concept of justice at all,from which the public and scientific controversies about justice in pedagogical contexts can be judged.Design/Approach/Methods:Instead of developing a positive pedagogical concept of justice,this article analyzes pedagogical injustices and assigns them to different levels of the educational system.Findings:The result is a differentiated pedagogical phenomenology of injustices in pedagogical contexts,which at the same time shows starting points for possible changes.Originality/Value:The originality of this article is that an instrumentalization of education in the service of extra-pedagogical norms of justice is avoided and a pragmatic approach is developed,which shows how pedagogical injustices can be reduced.Although the arguments for this are developed on the basis of discourses held in Germany,they are of general and international importance.