Preparation of Dashanzha Wan by three-dimensional printing

Objective:To use three-dimensional(3D)printing technology to prepare Dashanzha Wan.Methods:The standard formula proportion of Dashanzha Wan was used to prepare printable materials(normally called the ink)for 3D printing,and different doses and shapes of Dashanzha Wan were prepared.Then,the rheological properties,texture characteristics,scanning electron microscopy,and content of ursolic acid were evaluated.Results:Dashanzha Wan ink showed good shear thinning properties,which is very suitable for 3D printing.The printed sample had a beautiful and regular shape with high resolution.Meanwhile,ursolic acid content in 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan aligned with the ursolic acid content shown in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020.Conclusion:The 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan has a better texture,and can be shaped into various shapes according to individual needs,which would increase patients’interest when taking medicine.Moreover,3D printing of Dashanzha Wan could be easily integrated into the digital life system,enabling online customization or use at home.This study reveals that 3D printing technology is a promising method for the production of traditional Chinese medicine with personalized appearance,dosage,and texture,which is suitable for a broader population.

Preparation of PDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Using Ink-Jet Printing

Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.

Characteristics Improvement of PEDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Prepared by Ink-Jet Printing

Recently, a high-performance and low-priced transparent conductive film has been expected to be developed because flexible devices produced using organic materials have been actively studied. An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, which has been generally used as a material for a transparent conductive film, has problems, such as fragility to bending stress and depletion of the resource. The present study used poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic electroconductive material, and examined the improvement in the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a transparent conductive film produced using the ink-jet method. In previous studies, we reported that, to improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a thin film, it was effective to clean the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) treatment, anneal the film after it was deposited on the substance, and dip the annealed film into a polar solvent. Focusing on the thin film processing between printing operations, the present study improved resistance value and visible light transmittance by examining both the application methods of a polar solvent and the annealing time between printing operations. As a result, the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a PEDOT:PSS thin film were 390.4 Ω and 86.6%, respectively. This film was obtained by applying a polar solvent and performing annealing for 30 min between printing operations. The printing was performed three times.

Application of nonlinear color matching model to four-color ink-jet printing

Through discussing the color matching technology and its application in printing industry the conventional approaches commonly used in color matching, and the difficulties in color matching, a nonlinear color matching model based on two step learning is established by finding a linear model by learning pure color data first and then a nonlinear modification model by learning mixed color data. Nonlinear multiple regression is used to fit the parameters of the modification model. Nonlinear modification function is discovered by BACON system by learning mixture data. Experiment results indicate that nonlinear color conversion by two step learning can further improve the accuracy when it is used for straightforward conversion from RGB to CMYK. An improved separation model based on GCR concept is proposed to solve the problem of gray balance and it can be used for three to four color conversion as well. The method proposed has better learning ability and faster printing speed than other historical approaches when it is applied to four color ink jet printing.

The Effect of Silica Particle Size on the Performance of Color Ink-jet Printing Paper

In this paper,the effects of four sorts of silica with the particle size range of 4～10μm on coated paper properties and printing performance were studied.The results showed that the smaller particle size silica can provide the coated paper with higher density and contrast, better definition and good printing performance.

增材制造SLM工艺对Ti6Al4V表面织构成型质量的影响

为了探究增材制造SLM工艺对“一步法”制备Ti6Al4V表面织构实际成型尺寸和形貌等成型质量的影响,文章采用金属3D打印机在选择性激光熔化(SLM)工艺下制备表面具有不同理论织构直径和深度的Ti6Al4V钛合金试样,观察并分析得到凹坑织构边缘和底部的未熔物随着织构直径和深度的增大而增多。随着理论织构深度增加,D400试样凹坑织构的实际直径和平均直径误差均先增加后减小,平均直径误差最小为2.08%;D800试样凹坑织构的平均直径误差呈下降趋势,最小为2.84%。而D400试样凹坑织构的平均深度误差逐渐减小,最小为2.23%;D800试样凹坑织构深度方向成型精度较低。3D打印一体成型可以在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备较好的凹坑织构,且实际凹坑织构在直径方向的成型质量优于深度方向。

印染的色彩与纹理在艺术作品中的表现力与情感传达

印染艺术具有独特的色彩和纹理,是艺术家和设计师表达创意和情感的重要媒介。随着艺术与技术的融合,传统印染技术与现代数字技术的结合为艺术家提供了新的创作空间,丰富了印染艺术的表现媒介,提高了艺术创作的表现力。

路面人造纹理定向设计及其抗滑性能研究

【目的】研究路面表面人造纹理与抗滑性能之间的关系。【方法】利用3D打印技术定向设计并制备不同形状的人造纹理试件(包含三角形纹理、矩形纹理和半圆形纹理3种形状和纹理高度为1、2、3、4、5 mm的5种纹理),并以4 mm高的三角形纹理设置了一组磨耗纹理试件,采用摆式摩擦试验、构造深度试验以及提取纹理顶部接触区域对各个试件的抗滑性能进行评价。【结果】2 mm高的三角形纹理和3 mm高的矩形纹理的抗滑性能最好,摆值均可达到107。在构造深度和摆值两个方面,三角形纹理和矩形纹理的抗滑性能相近,且均明显大于半圆形纹理的抗滑性能。随着磨损率的增大,摩擦接触面积增大,但纹理表面粗糙程度降低,导致抗滑性能逐渐衰减。【结论】纹理的抗滑性能主要取决于纹理的粗糙程度,而接触面积的影响相对较小。本文提供了一种定向纹理设计方法,为深入理解路面表面纹理与抗滑性能之间的关系提供借鉴与指导。

3D金属打印技术在薄壁外观塑件模具制造中的应用

介绍了薄壁或者有麻纹等其它外观要求的塑料制品由于排气不良原因不能顺利生产课题,通过3D金属光造型复合打印技术与CAE相结合,在模具设计制造及成型生产的研究和实践,分析总结了此类模具的设计制造要点,为此类制品的模具设计和制造积累了宝贵的经验。

Friction and wear of textured surfaces produced by 3D printing

Surface texture patterns have great potential for improving tribological performance in terms of reducing friction and wear.The most common methods for surface texturing are laser and injection molding.The 3D printing method is also used to build parts,patterns,and molds that feature fine details for a wide range of applications because texture manufacturing by 3D printing is faster,more flexible,and less expensive than traditional techniques.To date,there has been no research on textured surfaces produced by 3D printing.Therefore,a new fabrication method using 3D printing to improve friction and wear properties is a topic worth exploring.In this study,a reciprocating friction tester was used to evaluate the friction and wear properties of different surface textures produced by 3D printing.The surface of specimens was examined by electron microscope and scanning electron microscope before and after the test.The results show that surface texturing can be applied to 3D printed parts to improve their friction and wear performance.

Local Binary Patterns and Its Variants for Finger Knuckle Print Recognition in Multi-Resolution Domain

Finger Knuckle Print biometric plays a vital role in establishing security for real-time environments. The success of human authentication depends on high speed and accuracy. This paper proposed an integrated approach of personal authentication using texture based Finger Knuckle Print (FKP) recognition in multiresolution domain. FKP images are rich in texture patterns. Recently, many texture patterns are proposed for biometric feature extraction. Hence, it is essential to review whether Local Binary Patterns or its variants perform well for FKP recognition. In this paper, Local Directional Pattern (LDP), Local Derivative Ternary Pattern (LDTP) and Local Texture Description Framework based Modified Local Directional Pattern (LTDF_MLDN) based feature extraction in multiresolution domain are experimented with Nearest Neighbor and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) Classifier for FKP recognition. Experiments were conducted on PolYU database. The result shows that LDTP in Contourlet domain achieves a promising performance. It also proves that Soft classifier performs better than the hard classifier.

基于高精度3D打印的三文鱼植物基替代物研究

目的基于高精度3D打印技术研究三文鱼植物基替代物。方法以豌豆分离蛋白(pea protein isolate,PPI)、魔芋胶(konjac gum,KGM)和天然胡萝卜粉为原辅料,进行精准3D复合打印生产模拟三文鱼色泽、质构的植物基替代物。考察不同物料比例对油墨可打印性的影响;选取有代表性的油墨配方,对其流变特性、水分分布情况、微观结构进行表征。结果PPI和KGM浓度的升高都增强了体系与水结合的能力,且PPI浓度过高时(20%,m:m)影响了KGM与水结合形成稳定凝胶的能力。PPI15KGM5配方可形成致密的网格结构,增强了体系的稳定性,拥有良好的剪切恢复特性,有利于3D打印;而PPI20KGM3配方具有更好的机械性能和结构强度,但是由于PPI浓度过高影响KGM形成稳定凝胶结构,其剪切恢复特性较差。流变学参数η、τ_(y)、G'、屈服应变及剪切恢复特性对油墨3D打印过程影响显著。结论通过调整3D打印精细化程度(350µm和500µm)和模型填充度,生产了具有差异化质构的高蛋白含量(15%,m:m)产品。其中,部分产品的粘性和弹性与真实三文鱼类似,这为开发3D打印生产植物基替代物提供了新的视角。

基于区块划分与矢量折线填充方法的仿手工刺绣质感模拟

刺绣质感的矢量模拟在纺织品数码印花领域有着广阔的应用前景,其中尤其是对传统手工刺绣肌理效果的模拟。在现有的研究中,对刺绣效果的模拟通常借助位图图像处理软件,因此易导致印花面料刺绣图案失真等。本文提出了一种基于区块划分与矢量折线填充方法的仿手工刺绣质感的模拟技术,该技术采用不同的区块组合来表示刺绣图案的不同区域,并在不同区块内填充不同参数的折线形成模拟刺绣效果。基于区块划分与矢量折线填充的刺绣图案模拟方法解决了传统位图法模拟刺绣效果清晰度差与风格单调的问题。实验结果表明,本文所提方法能够实现对手工刺绣效果的视觉质感模拟,通过该方法绘制的刺绣图案能够较好地应用在丝绸面料数码印花领域。

贵州龙化石三维数字模型的构建与3D打印

针对古生物化石数字化建模过程中存在局部特征丢失、重构精度低、色彩还原性差等问题。以贵州龙化石为研究对象,采用非接触式激光三维扫描技术获取带纹理的点云数据,基于纹理映射的局部特征修复方法,讨论了不同特征线提取法对化石表面结构拟合精度的影响,构建了高精度、真实感三维数字模型,并采用基于白墨填充技术(White jet process, WJP)的全彩色3D打印技术对化石进行复制。研究结果表明:采用纹理映射特征修复结合探测轮廓线提取特征线进行曲面重构的方法能够精确的反映贵州龙化石的结构特征与纹理色彩,模型最大偏差为-0.019 1~0.020 0 mm。彩色3D打印技术制作的贵州龙化石模型表面光滑、结构精细、纹理色彩还原度高,能够克服传统化石复制方法与普通3D打印技术的不足,对古生物化石的研究、展示、复制提供了技术参考。

A road map to find in 3D printing a new design plasticity for construction e The state of art

Recent years are showing a rapid adoption of digital manufacturing techniques to the construction industry,with a focus on additive manufacturing.Although 3D printing for construction(3DPC)has notably advanced in recent years,publications on the subject are recent and date a growth in 2019,indicating that it is a promising technology as it enables greater efficiency with fair consumption of material,minimization of waste generation,encouraging the construction industrialization and enhancing and accelerating the constructive process.This new building system not only gives an optimization of the building process but provides a new approach to the building design materiality.The direct connection between design and manufacturing allows the reduction in the number of the various construction phases needed.It is opening a new and wide range of options both formal and chromatic in customization,avoiding complex formworks,reducing costs and manufacturing time.The creative process has a strict and direct link with the constructive process,straightening design with its materiality.Cement-based materials lead the way,but new alternatives are being explored to further reduce its carbon footprint.In order to leverage its sustainability and enhance the system capacity,initiatives are being pursued to allow the reduction of the use of PC.Geopolimers are taking the first steps in 3DPC.Construction and Demolition Waste(CDW)materials are used to substitute natural aggregates.Even soil is being explored has a structural and aesthetic material.These research trends are opening a wider range of possibilities for architecture and design,broadening the spectrum of color,texture,and formal variations.The concern about textures and colours is not yet evident in many the structures already printed,opening the opportunity for future research.More can be done in the mixture and formal design of this building system,“discovering”other raw materials in others waste.This article aims to make a critical review of technologies,materials and methodologies to support the development of new sustainable materials to be used as a plastic element in the printed structure.A roadmap of 3D printing for construction is presented,and an approach on mix design,properties in the fresh and hardened state,highlighting the possibilities for obtaining alternative materials are pointed.With this review possible directions are presented to find solutions to enhance the sustainability of this system discovering“new”materiality for architecture and design.

印刷套准识别方法研究

目的研究印刷标志套准机器快速和高精度的识别方法。方法提取印刷标志图像的灰度共生矩阵表达其纹理特征,采用Adaboost分类器对印刷标志套准图像进行识别,以判断印刷是否套准。结果提取出了印刷标志图像的能量、熵、惯性矩、相关度等的均值和标准差的8维图像纹理特征。为了比较不同分类器的分类性能,分别得出了Adaboost、K近邻、贝叶斯、支持向量机、Fisher和决策树对印刷标志图像纹理特征的分类准确率和分类时间。结论采用文中方法,印刷标志图像套准识别准确率达到97.5%,分类时间达到0.022 377 s,优于其他的分类方法。

基于数码印花技术纺织面料肌理图案设计

以数码印花作为技术支撑,结合肌理图案的形态特征和纺织面料数字喷墨印花图案设计原则对肌理图案设计进行分析,提出了数字喷墨印花技术在肌理图案设计中对于肌理色彩和结构等表现手法上的优势,扩展了肌理图案的色域,改善了图案的色彩效果,增添了图案的灵活性,更加方便了设计师设计理念的表达和展现。结合对肌理图案形式的分析和现代计算机肌理图案设计特点提出了纺织面料数码印花肌理图案的设计原则和一般规律,通过概括、提炼、分解等手法将肌理的组织结构进行重复排列、渐变和多样组合,进而将肌理图案合理的运用于纺织面料印花图案设计中,增加产品附加值,扩充数码印花产品种类,满足现代消费者追求个性的审美品味。

喷墨印花中的图像修补技术

阐述了图像修补技术在喷墨印花中的应用,分析了基于纹理合成和非纹理合成的图像修补技术的基本算法以及基本理论,并且把两种基本算法通过实验进行对比。

一种纺织印染图案的多尺度彩色分割算法

为了提高纺织印染图案的分色精度,提出一种多尺度彩色图像分割技术.该方法利用纺织印染图案中主要套色数少的特点,通过人眼观察手动提取图案中最具代表性的套色;根据上一尺度方块的颜色信息和同一尺度下邻近方块的颜色信息对图像进行多尺度分割,形成一棵非均匀的四叉树形结构,树中每个节点按照颜色空间的距离映射到最近的套色中,并随着尺度的递增对上一级的分割结果进行递归修正.最后对分割图像中一些小的连通区域进行后处理,消除合并这些区域,提高整体的分割精度.由计算机模拟实验的分割结果表明,与一般基于聚类技术的彩色分割算法和基于边缘提取的分割算法相比,该方法对于纺织印染图案有较好的颜色分割效果,并和人的主观视觉效果有更好的一致性.

基于机器视觉的印刷套准识别方法研究

针对印刷套准检测存在的精度低、速度慢的问题,提取了印刷标志图像的Tamura纹理特征,包括粗糙度、对比度和方向度,以描述其印刷标志套准或套不准特征。设计了支持向量机的分类器对印刷标志图像进行套准识别,并采用高斯径向基核函数用于非线性数据的分类。实验结果证明,采用建议的印刷标志图像特征提取和分类方法,识别准确率达到90%,识别时间为0.032 751 s,方法在识别准确率和识别速度上都优于人工检测和文献[8]的方法。