Embankment stability is the primary problem for the expressway construction in permafrost regions.The proposed Qinghai-Tibet Expressway(QTE)is planned to construct along the Qinghai-Tibet Project Corridor.Confronted w...Embankment stability is the primary problem for the expressway construction in permafrost regions.The proposed Qinghai-Tibet Expressway(QTE)is planned to construct along the Qinghai-Tibet Project Corridor.Confronted with harsh environmental condition and intense heat exchange between earth and atmosphere,it is necessary to predict and evaluate the stability of the proposed QTE.In this study,the factors affecting the embankment stability are analyzed firstly.And then,a scheme for the stability evaluation of the embankment is established.Finally,the evaluation scheme is used for the pre-evaluation of the stability for the proposed QTE with different geothermal regulation measures(GRMs).The results indicate that the influencing factors include climatic environment,permafrost property,engineering condition and geological condition,and among them,engineering condition and permafrost property are the main influence factors for embankment stability.The stability of the proposed QTE varies greatly in the different geomorphological regions.The application effect and contribution to embankment stability of the existing GRMs are different,and using GRMs cannot completely overcome the influence of various factors on expressway stability.In the construction process,different GRMs should be adopted depending on the geomorphological environment where the embankment is located to ensure the embankment stability.展开更多
In order to cooperate with the implementation of the relevant cosmetic safety and efficacy evaluation as regulated according to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, the National Medical ...In order to cooperate with the implementation of the relevant cosmetic safety and efficacy evaluation as regulated according to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, the National Medical Products Administration has successively promulgated The Technical Guide of Safety Assessment for Cosmetics and the Standard for Evaluation of Cosmetic Efficacy Claims. This paper comprehensively summarizes the requirements and methods for the evaluation of cosmetic safety and efficacy claims under the new regulations, and puts forward suggestions for relevant enterprises and practitioners, which provides useful guidance and reference for the cosmetic safety and efficacy claim evaluation.展开更多
This article makes a quantitative study on economic performance of arable land protection and land use regulation with dummy variable model.It is shown that land use regulation is favorable for economic growth and pro...This article makes a quantitative study on economic performance of arable land protection and land use regulation with dummy variable model.It is shown that land use regulation is favorable for economic growth and protection of arable land and that there are still some problems in the implementation of land use regulation.Thus,it puts forward corresponding suggestion.展开更多
For structural design and assessment of reinforced concrete members, the nonlinear analysis has become an important tool. The purpose of the pushover analysis is to assess the structural performance by estimating the ...For structural design and assessment of reinforced concrete members, the nonlinear analysis has become an important tool. The purpose of the pushover analysis is to assess the structural performance by estimating the strength and deformation capacities using static, nonlinear analysis and comparing these capacities with the demands at the corresponding performance levels. This paper aims to compare the results given by IBC2009 code and ESEE regulations. In this paper, four RC frames having 5, 15, 20 and 30 storeys were designed for seismicity according to both the recently adopted seismic code in Abu Dhabi (IBC2009) and the ESEE regulations. A pushover analysis is carried out for these buildings using SAP2000 (Ver. 15) and the ultimate capacities of the buildings are established. The obtained pushover curves and plastic hinges distributions are used to compare between the IBC2009 code and ESEE regulations. The comparison showed that there was variation in the obtained results by the two codes and the buildings designed by IBC2009 code were more vulnerable.展开更多
Expansive chemical-based vector control has resulted in development of vector resistance to different insecticides harnessed for prevention of disease transmission in public health. The environmentally safe insect gro...Expansive chemical-based vector control has resulted in development of vector resistance to different insecticides harnessed for prevention of disease transmission in public health. The environmentally safe insect growth regulators and microbial larvicides provide potential tools for insecticide resistance management. The efficacy and persistence of Dimilin GR-2% and Mosquiron 10 EC insect growth regulators were evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l larvae under laboratory and simulated field conditions. In laboratory bio-efficacy trials, complete emergence inhibition was achieved at higher concentrations with 96 hours post exposure of mosquito aquatic stages to the two larvicides. In simulation field trials, persistence of both larvicides at higher concentrations increased gradually with complete inhibition attained at 7 days and maintained up to 21 days. In the quest of deploying non insecticide based interventions for a sustainable environment, insect growth regulators can be recommended for operational scale larviciding for mosquito larval control in the context of integrated vector management.展开更多
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of ...Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hu MSCs) before clinical application. In this study, hu MSCs were harvested from human amniotic membrane and umbilical cord vascular tissue. A rat model of TBI was established using the controlled cortical impact method. Starting from the third day after injury, the rats were injected with 10 μL of 5 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs by cerebral stereotaxis or with 500 μL of 1 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs via the tail vein for 3 successive days. hu MSC transplantation decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats with TBI and increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exhibiting good immunoregulatory function. The transplanted hu MSCs were distributed in the liver, lung and brain injury sites. No abnormal proliferation or tumorigenesis was found in these organs up to 12 months after transplantation. The transplanted hu MSCs negligibly proliferated in vivo, and apoptosis was gradually observed at later stages. These findings suggest that hu MSC transplantation for the treatment of traumatic brain injury displays good safety. In addition, hu MSCs exhibit good immunoregulatory function, which can help prevent and reduce secondary brain injury caused by the rapid release of inflammatory factors after TBI. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of PLA(approval No. 20160054) on November 1, 2016.展开更多
Financial regulation and supervision is an important subject in finance research. After the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis,the weakness in this field becomes the research focus. Every country attaches importance to st...Financial regulation and supervision is an important subject in finance research. After the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis,the weakness in this field becomes the research focus. Every country attaches importance to strengthen the financial supervision and management. But the financial regulatory system is a large system,and the process of model building and index selection is very complicated. A model for China's financial regulation and supervision system was proposed and a system evaluation method was improved. A more exact result was drawn by choosing 2003- 2009 index data.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to monitor and evaluate indoor radon concentration in one district of Xi'an City. r Method] In order to master the effective dose per year caused by natural radiation to local residents...[Objective] The research aimed to monitor and evaluate indoor radon concentration in one district of Xi'an City. r Method] In order to master the effective dose per year caused by natural radiation to local residents, the investigation about the level of indoor radon in one district of Xi'an was developed. Based on the proper monitoring scheme, some typical living rooms were sampled. Through the measurement result, the effects of different factors on radon concentration were obtained. Finally, the radon concentration was transferred into the effective dose per year of local residents. [ Result] Indoor radon concentration in the district was during 49.680 -128.856 Bq/m3, and average concentration in each building was within 100 Bq/m3, which belonged to normal range. When sunny day became rainy day, radon concentration firstly had a rise trend. If continuous rainy weather appeared, indoor radon concentration gradually declined. When other conditions were same, indoor radon concentration under window closing was significantly higher than that under window opening. Indoor radon concentration had a decline trend from 13:00 to 20:00 and a rise trend from 01:00 to 06:00. Condusion The district belonged to radon safety house. To protect residents' health to the maximum extent, according to transfer change rule of the radon, window should be opened to ventilate in the morning when radon concentration was higher.展开更多
In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system,the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system,constructed the urb...In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system,the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system,constructed the urban green ecological drainage comprehensive simulation research system,and quickly evaluated pipe network operation and surface water of an industrial park under typical rainfall conditions.The results showed that the drainage capacity of the designed green ecological rainwater drainage system reached 100%,and there was no ponding phenomenon,which indicated that the green ecological rainwater drainage system could effectively solve the practical problems of urban drainage.The green ecological rainwater comprehensive simulation research system had good adaptability.The research results provided the scientific theoretical basis and reference significance for planning,designing,constructing,operating,and managing urban rainwater system scientifically and systematically.展开更多
The supervision and administration of cosmetics and its two supporting documents related to efficacy,cosmetics classification rules and classification catalogue and evaluation standard of cosmetic efficacy claims,have...The supervision and administration of cosmetics and its two supporting documents related to efficacy,cosmetics classification rules and classification catalogue and evaluation standard of cosmetic efficacy claims,have been successively introduced and implemented,making China’s cosmetics industry officially enter the era of efficacy evaluation.In the time window when the new era is coming,the definitions of cosmetics in China and other countries are compared.The latest status and progress of regulations on cosmetic efficacy claims in China and other countries are summarized,and the standard methods or guidance of cosmetic efficacy evaluation at home and abroad are introduced.The enlightenment from the supervision systems of cosmetic efficacy in other cosmetic consumer markets around the world are discussed.In addition,the opportunities and challenges for cosmetic enterprises under the background of cosmetic law reform in China are also prospected.展开更多
Regulations on the supervision and administration of cosmetics(hereinafter referred to as“CSAR”)will be formally implemented on January 1,2021,and there are more than 10 related regulations and normative documents d...Regulations on the supervision and administration of cosmetics(hereinafter referred to as“CSAR”)will be formally implemented on January 1,2021,and there are more than 10 related regulations and normative documents draft has been issued,these new rules will be built to form a new cosmetics regulatory system,the CSAR for the first time put forward the"cosmetic notification person and registration person system",improve the barriers to entry for cosmetic notification person and registration person.This paper summarizes and analyzes the new regulations on cosmetics issued in 2020,and briefly discusses the new requirements and suggestions on setting up quality management system,quality safety responsible person,adverse reaction monitoring and evaluation system,cosmetic efficacy evaluation and other new requirements for cosmetics notification person and registration person after the implementation of the new regulations.展开更多
This paper reviewed the situation of regulations and guidelines on post-marketing medicines in the developed countries and in China. The developed countries have accumulated a lot of empirical principles and technique...This paper reviewed the situation of regulations and guidelines on post-marketing medicines in the developed countries and in China. The developed countries have accumulated a lot of empirical principles and techniques on post- marketing surveillance (also named pharmacovigilance), therefore, their regulation systems are nearly perfect. In China, the regulations on post-marketing re-evaluation and relative technical guidelines do not cover the whole aspects, even lack in some important aspects, and long-term risk management mechanisms have not been established. So it is urgent to establish new regulations and improve the regulatory system in China based on the existing regulations and guidelines, by learning from the ideas of foreign advanced regulations, then fully integrating them with China's actual conditions, and cooperating with multidisciplinary researchers.展开更多
Since the commencement of the International Health Regulations in 2007,global public health security has been faced with numerous emerging and ongoing events.Moreover,the Joint External Evaluation is a voluntary tool ...Since the commencement of the International Health Regulations in 2007,global public health security has been faced with numerous emerging and ongoing events.Moreover,the Joint External Evaluation is a voluntary tool developed in compliance with the Global Health Security Agenda that represents the high responsibility of international health community towards the increased incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases.Against this background,between 29th May and 2nd June 2016,a team of World Health Organization consultants arrived to the State of Qatar to assess,in collaboration with national experts,the country’s capacity to prevent,detect,and rapidly respond to threats of public health aspect.They identified areas of strength,weakness,and recommendations for improving national health security of Qatar in anticipation of the 2022 FIFA World Cup event.Qatar has demonstrated a leading role in the region through its commitment to International Health Regulations(2005)and population health.Similarly,the Qatar was the first Arab state and seventh volunteering country globally to undergo the Joint External evaluation process.In this review,we highlighted Qatar’s achievements and shortcomings of International Health Regulations’core capacities to inform healthcare professionals and the scientific community about the country’s contribution toward global health security.展开更多
基金Project(2019QZKK0905)supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program,ChinaProject(41901074)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(2020A1515010745)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(SKLFSE201810)supported by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,ChinaProject(2019MS119)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Embankment stability is the primary problem for the expressway construction in permafrost regions.The proposed Qinghai-Tibet Expressway(QTE)is planned to construct along the Qinghai-Tibet Project Corridor.Confronted with harsh environmental condition and intense heat exchange between earth and atmosphere,it is necessary to predict and evaluate the stability of the proposed QTE.In this study,the factors affecting the embankment stability are analyzed firstly.And then,a scheme for the stability evaluation of the embankment is established.Finally,the evaluation scheme is used for the pre-evaluation of the stability for the proposed QTE with different geothermal regulation measures(GRMs).The results indicate that the influencing factors include climatic environment,permafrost property,engineering condition and geological condition,and among them,engineering condition and permafrost property are the main influence factors for embankment stability.The stability of the proposed QTE varies greatly in the different geomorphological regions.The application effect and contribution to embankment stability of the existing GRMs are different,and using GRMs cannot completely overcome the influence of various factors on expressway stability.In the construction process,different GRMs should be adopted depending on the geomorphological environment where the embankment is located to ensure the embankment stability.
文摘In order to cooperate with the implementation of the relevant cosmetic safety and efficacy evaluation as regulated according to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, the National Medical Products Administration has successively promulgated The Technical Guide of Safety Assessment for Cosmetics and the Standard for Evaluation of Cosmetic Efficacy Claims. This paper comprehensively summarizes the requirements and methods for the evaluation of cosmetic safety and efficacy claims under the new regulations, and puts forward suggestions for relevant enterprises and practitioners, which provides useful guidance and reference for the cosmetic safety and efficacy claim evaluation.
基金an achievement of the NSFC(National Natural Science Foundation Project)"Welfare Changes of Different Interest Groups and the Equilibrium of Their Welfare in the Process of Rural-urban Land Conversion" (Grant no. 70773047)Wuhan Social Science Foundation Project "Study on Quality Protection and Compensation Mechanism of Cropland Based on Construction Two Style Society in Wuhan Metropolitan Area" (Grant no. 09035)
文摘This article makes a quantitative study on economic performance of arable land protection and land use regulation with dummy variable model.It is shown that land use regulation is favorable for economic growth and protection of arable land and that there are still some problems in the implementation of land use regulation.Thus,it puts forward corresponding suggestion.
文摘For structural design and assessment of reinforced concrete members, the nonlinear analysis has become an important tool. The purpose of the pushover analysis is to assess the structural performance by estimating the strength and deformation capacities using static, nonlinear analysis and comparing these capacities with the demands at the corresponding performance levels. This paper aims to compare the results given by IBC2009 code and ESEE regulations. In this paper, four RC frames having 5, 15, 20 and 30 storeys were designed for seismicity according to both the recently adopted seismic code in Abu Dhabi (IBC2009) and the ESEE regulations. A pushover analysis is carried out for these buildings using SAP2000 (Ver. 15) and the ultimate capacities of the buildings are established. The obtained pushover curves and plastic hinges distributions are used to compare between the IBC2009 code and ESEE regulations. The comparison showed that there was variation in the obtained results by the two codes and the buildings designed by IBC2009 code were more vulnerable.
文摘Expansive chemical-based vector control has resulted in development of vector resistance to different insecticides harnessed for prevention of disease transmission in public health. The environmentally safe insect growth regulators and microbial larvicides provide potential tools for insecticide resistance management. The efficacy and persistence of Dimilin GR-2% and Mosquiron 10 EC insect growth regulators were evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l larvae under laboratory and simulated field conditions. In laboratory bio-efficacy trials, complete emergence inhibition was achieved at higher concentrations with 96 hours post exposure of mosquito aquatic stages to the two larvicides. In simulation field trials, persistence of both larvicides at higher concentrations increased gradually with complete inhibition attained at 7 days and maintained up to 21 days. In the quest of deploying non insecticide based interventions for a sustainable environment, insect growth regulators can be recommended for operational scale larviciding for mosquito larval control in the context of integrated vector management.
基金supported by the General Project of Hubei Health Committee of China,No.WJ2019M263(to GW)。
文摘Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hu MSCs) before clinical application. In this study, hu MSCs were harvested from human amniotic membrane and umbilical cord vascular tissue. A rat model of TBI was established using the controlled cortical impact method. Starting from the third day after injury, the rats were injected with 10 μL of 5 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs by cerebral stereotaxis or with 500 μL of 1 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs via the tail vein for 3 successive days. hu MSC transplantation decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats with TBI and increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exhibiting good immunoregulatory function. The transplanted hu MSCs were distributed in the liver, lung and brain injury sites. No abnormal proliferation or tumorigenesis was found in these organs up to 12 months after transplantation. The transplanted hu MSCs negligibly proliferated in vivo, and apoptosis was gradually observed at later stages. These findings suggest that hu MSC transplantation for the treatment of traumatic brain injury displays good safety. In addition, hu MSCs exhibit good immunoregulatory function, which can help prevent and reduce secondary brain injury caused by the rapid release of inflammatory factors after TBI. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of PLA(approval No. 20160054) on November 1, 2016.
文摘Financial regulation and supervision is an important subject in finance research. After the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis,the weakness in this field becomes the research focus. Every country attaches importance to strengthen the financial supervision and management. But the financial regulatory system is a large system,and the process of model building and index selection is very complicated. A model for China's financial regulation and supervision system was proposed and a system evaluation method was improved. A more exact result was drawn by choosing 2003- 2009 index data.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to monitor and evaluate indoor radon concentration in one district of Xi'an City. r Method] In order to master the effective dose per year caused by natural radiation to local residents, the investigation about the level of indoor radon in one district of Xi'an was developed. Based on the proper monitoring scheme, some typical living rooms were sampled. Through the measurement result, the effects of different factors on radon concentration were obtained. Finally, the radon concentration was transferred into the effective dose per year of local residents. [ Result] Indoor radon concentration in the district was during 49.680 -128.856 Bq/m3, and average concentration in each building was within 100 Bq/m3, which belonged to normal range. When sunny day became rainy day, radon concentration firstly had a rise trend. If continuous rainy weather appeared, indoor radon concentration gradually declined. When other conditions were same, indoor radon concentration under window closing was significantly higher than that under window opening. Indoor radon concentration had a decline trend from 13:00 to 20:00 and a rise trend from 01:00 to 06:00. Condusion The district belonged to radon safety house. To protect residents' health to the maximum extent, according to transfer change rule of the radon, window should be opened to ventilate in the morning when radon concentration was higher.
文摘In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system,the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system,constructed the urban green ecological drainage comprehensive simulation research system,and quickly evaluated pipe network operation and surface water of an industrial park under typical rainfall conditions.The results showed that the drainage capacity of the designed green ecological rainwater drainage system reached 100%,and there was no ponding phenomenon,which indicated that the green ecological rainwater drainage system could effectively solve the practical problems of urban drainage.The green ecological rainwater comprehensive simulation research system had good adaptability.The research results provided the scientific theoretical basis and reference significance for planning,designing,constructing,operating,and managing urban rainwater system scientifically and systematically.
文摘The supervision and administration of cosmetics and its two supporting documents related to efficacy,cosmetics classification rules and classification catalogue and evaluation standard of cosmetic efficacy claims,have been successively introduced and implemented,making China’s cosmetics industry officially enter the era of efficacy evaluation.In the time window when the new era is coming,the definitions of cosmetics in China and other countries are compared.The latest status and progress of regulations on cosmetic efficacy claims in China and other countries are summarized,and the standard methods or guidance of cosmetic efficacy evaluation at home and abroad are introduced.The enlightenment from the supervision systems of cosmetic efficacy in other cosmetic consumer markets around the world are discussed.In addition,the opportunities and challenges for cosmetic enterprises under the background of cosmetic law reform in China are also prospected.
文摘Regulations on the supervision and administration of cosmetics(hereinafter referred to as“CSAR”)will be formally implemented on January 1,2021,and there are more than 10 related regulations and normative documents draft has been issued,these new rules will be built to form a new cosmetics regulatory system,the CSAR for the first time put forward the"cosmetic notification person and registration person system",improve the barriers to entry for cosmetic notification person and registration person.This paper summarizes and analyzes the new regulations on cosmetics issued in 2020,and briefly discusses the new requirements and suggestions on setting up quality management system,quality safety responsible person,adverse reaction monitoring and evaluation system,cosmetic efficacy evaluation and other new requirements for cosmetics notification person and registration person after the implementation of the new regulations.
基金Supported by the Research on Key Techniques of Reevaluation of Post-marketing Chinese Medicines,the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2009ZX09502-030)the Sixth-Science Foundation of Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No. Z0215)
文摘This paper reviewed the situation of regulations and guidelines on post-marketing medicines in the developed countries and in China. The developed countries have accumulated a lot of empirical principles and techniques on post- marketing surveillance (also named pharmacovigilance), therefore, their regulation systems are nearly perfect. In China, the regulations on post-marketing re-evaluation and relative technical guidelines do not cover the whole aspects, even lack in some important aspects, and long-term risk management mechanisms have not been established. So it is urgent to establish new regulations and improve the regulatory system in China based on the existing regulations and guidelines, by learning from the ideas of foreign advanced regulations, then fully integrating them with China's actual conditions, and cooperating with multidisciplinary researchers.
文摘Since the commencement of the International Health Regulations in 2007,global public health security has been faced with numerous emerging and ongoing events.Moreover,the Joint External Evaluation is a voluntary tool developed in compliance with the Global Health Security Agenda that represents the high responsibility of international health community towards the increased incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases.Against this background,between 29th May and 2nd June 2016,a team of World Health Organization consultants arrived to the State of Qatar to assess,in collaboration with national experts,the country’s capacity to prevent,detect,and rapidly respond to threats of public health aspect.They identified areas of strength,weakness,and recommendations for improving national health security of Qatar in anticipation of the 2022 FIFA World Cup event.Qatar has demonstrated a leading role in the region through its commitment to International Health Regulations(2005)and population health.Similarly,the Qatar was the first Arab state and seventh volunteering country globally to undergo the Joint External evaluation process.In this review,we highlighted Qatar’s achievements and shortcomings of International Health Regulations’core capacities to inform healthcare professionals and the scientific community about the country’s contribution toward global health security.