Variational Quality Control of Non-Gaussian Innovations in the GRAPES m3DVAR System: Mass Field Evaluation of Assimilation Experiments

The existence of outliers can seriously influence the analysis of variational data assimilation.Quality control allows us to effectively eliminate or absorb these outliers to produce better analysis fields.In particular,variational quality control(VarQC) can process gray zone outliers and is thus broadly used in variational data assimilation systems.In this study,governing equations are derived for two VarQC algorithms that utilize different contaminated Gaussian distributions(CGDs): Gaussian plus flat distribution and Huber norm distribution.As such,these VarQC algorithms can handle outliers that have non-Gaussian innovations.Then,these VarQC algorithms are implemented in the Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System(GRAPES) model-level three-dimensional variational data assimilation(m3 DVAR) system.Tests using artificial observations indicate that the VarQC method using the Huber distribution has stronger robustness for including outliers to improve posterior analysis than the VarQC method using the Gaussian plus flat distribution.Furthermore,real observation experiments show that the distribution of observation analysis weights conform well with theory,indicating that the application of VarQC is effective in the GRAPES m3 DVAR system.Subsequent case study and longperiod data assimilation experiments show that the spatial distribution and amplitude of the observation analysis weights are related to the analysis increments of the mass field(geopotential height and temperature).Compared to the control experiment,VarQC experiments have noticeably better posterior mass fields.Finally,the VarQC method using the Huber distribution is superior to the VarQC method using the Gaussian plus flat distribution,especially at the middle and lower levels.

Deep learning models semi-automatic training system for quality control of transthoracic echocardiography

Objective To explore the value of deep learning(DL)models semi-automatic training system for automatic optimization of clinical image quality control of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods Totally 1250 TTE videos from 402 patients were retrospectively collected,including 490 apical four chamber(A4C),310 parasternal long axis view of left ventricle(PLAX)and 450 parasternal short axis view of great vessel(PSAX GV).The videos were divided into development set(245 A4C,155 PLAX,225 PSAX GV),semi-automated training set(98 A4C,62 PLAX,90 PSAX GV)and test set(147 A4C,93 PLAX,135 PSAX GV)at the ratio of 5∶2∶3.Based on development set and semi-automatic training set,DL model of quality control was semi-automatically iteratively optimized,and a semi-automatic training system was constructed,then the efficacy of DL models for recognizing TTE views and assessing imaging quality of TTE were verified in test set.Results After optimization,the overall accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score of DL models for recognizing TTE views in test set improved from 97.33%,97.26%,97.26%and 97.26%to 99.73%,99.65%,99.77%and 99.71%,respectively,while the overall accuracy for assessing A4C,PLAX and PSAX GV TTE as standard views in test set improved from 89.12%,83.87%and 90.37%to 93.20%,90.32%and 93.33%,respectively.Conclusion The developed DL models semi-automatic training system could improve the efficiency of clinical imaging quality control of TTE and increase iteration speed.

Automation System for Quality Control in Manufacture of Iodine-125 Sealed Sources Used in Brachytherapy

The objective of this work is to develop an automation system for quality control （QC） in the production of Iodine-125 sealed sources, after undergoing the process of laser beam welding （LBW）. These sources, also known as Iodine-125 seeds are used, successfully, in the treatment of cancer by brachytherapy, with low-dose rates. Each small seed is composed of a welded titanium capsule with 0.8 mm diameter and 4.5 mm in length, containing Iodine-125 adsorbed on an internal silver wire. The seeds are implanted in the human prostate to irradiate the tumor and treat the cancerous cells. The technology to automate the quality control system in the manufacture of lodine-125 seeds consists in developing and associate mechanical parts, electronic components and pneumatic circuits to control machines and processes. The automation technology for Iodine-125 seed production developed in this work employs programmable logic controller （PLC）, step motors, drivers of control, electrical-electronic interfaces, photoelectric sensors, interfaces of communication and software development. Industrial automation plays an important role in the production of Iodine-125 seeds, with higher productivity and high standard of quality, facilitating the implementation and operation of processes with good manufacturing practices （GMP）. Nowadays, the Radiation Technology Centre at IPEN-CNEN/SP imports and distributes 36,000 lodine-125 seeds per year for clinics and hospitals in the whole country. However, the Brazilian potential market is of 8,000 lodine-125 seeds per month. Therefore, the local production of these radioactive seeds has become a priority for the Institute, aiming to reduce the price and increase the supply to the population in Brazil.

Management Control Systems and Innovation

It's widely argued that a business environment of budget control and innovation can be antithetical.This essay explores the ways that management accounting and control practices might enable organizations to achieve both control and innovation in the current globalised economy on a basis of the different views in the management control systems(MCSs) and innovation.

The Construction and Implementation Path of the Audit System for Quality Control in the Big Data Era

In the era of big data,the construction and implementation of a quality control audit system are particularly crucial.This article delves into the impact of big data technology on quality control auditing,establishes a quality control auditing system in the big data era,and elucidates the pathway to realizing this system.Through the application of big data technology to quality control audits,there is an enhancement in audit efficiency,the attainment of more accurate risk assessment,and the provision of robust support for the sustainable development of enterprises.

Effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Aim： To evaluate the effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A total of 582 traces of pressure-flow study from 181 men with BPH was included in the study. For each trace, maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax） and detrusor pressure at Qmax （pdet.Qmax） were, respectively, read from manually smoothed and corrected uroflow and detrusor pressure curves from the computer print-outs. Obstruction coefficient, International Continence Society （ICS） and Schaefer nomograms were used to detect urethral resistance and to diagnose obstruction. The results obtained by manual reading were compared with those from computer-based systems. Results： After manual correction, Qmax underwent a consistently significant decrease by 1.2 mL/s on average （P 〈 0.001）, and had a change range of 0.5-10.4 mL/s. However, pdet.Qmax underwent inconsistently intra-individual changes after correction. The obstruction coefficient increased significantly, by an average of 0.07 （P 〈 0.05）. Using the ICS nomogram, the percentage of obstruction increased from 69.8% to 73.9%, and of the non-obstruction decreased from 8.8% to 5.3% （P 〈 0.05）. There were 11% of traces that changed the classifications using the ICS nomogram, and 28.9% that changed the grades for the Schaefer nomogram. Conclusion： Systematically significant differences in parameters from pres- sure-flow study between manual readings and computer recordings were demonstrated. Manual correction resulted in a consistently lower Q a higher urethral resistance, and an aggravating obstruction. Manual readings can correct considerable false diagnoses for obstruction. Retrospective quality control of pressure-flow data with com- puter-based systems is necessary.

The Role of Blood Station Quality Management System in the Quality Control of Blood Collection

With the continuous development of China’s medical industry in recent years,relevant staff has also paid more attention to the quality management of blood stations,and China has gradually improved during the setting of laws and regulations for blood station quality management.The policies set by the Chinese government have been fully implemented through the reasonable implementation of relevant staff.With the continuous development of China’s medical industry in recent years,relevant staff have also paid more attention to the quality management of blood stations,and China has gradually improved during the setting of laws and regulations for blood station quality management.The policies set by the Chinese government have been fully implemented through the reasonable implementation of relevant staff.On this basis,the management model of the Chinese blood station has been continuously innovated in the application process,and the blood collection work of the Chinese blood station has been greatly developed.However,when the blood station in China is conducting blood collection,its quality control program is still not fully mature.Therefore,in this context,it is necessary to do a good job in the construction of the corresponding blood station quality management system and make effective adjustments,which will give full play to the role of the management system in the quality control process of blood collection.In this paper,the construction plan of the blood station quality management system is analyzed to explore the role of the blood station quality management system in the process of blood collection quality control,aiming to provide assistance for the quality management of blood collection in China.

Information Quality Control of ERP System

From the viewpoint of manufacturing enterprises, th is thesis discusses the concept and definition of information quality as well as t he connotation of information quality. Based on our personal experiences of many years, we have summarized the cases of success and failure with ERP system, an d from the angle of information quality control, we have come up with the follow ing concepts : static information quality of enterprises, information maturity o f enterprises and dynamic information quality.

Design, Realization and Implementation of a Novel Phantom for Quality Control of Micro-SPECT/CT and Micro-PET/CT Systems

The proposed phantom is designed for the quality control of micro-SPECT/CT and micro-PET/CT systems. However, it is an assembly of six patterns stored in a cylindrical box enabling to control both micro-SPECT unit in terms of uniformity, spatial linearity and spatial resolution and micro-CT unit in terms of uniformity, spatial linearity, spatial resolution, diffusion rate, low contrast detectability, Hounsfield unit linearity and slice thickness. The construction material is Plexiglas. As for the implementation, it was made on a micro-SPECT/CT machine of the type “speCZT eXplore CT 120”. Compared to the NEMA NU 4-2008 image quality phantom, this phantom offers micro-CT quality control and is more efficient in control of spatial resolution for micro-SPECT and micro- PET systems.

Variational quality control of non-Gaussian innovations and its parametric optimizations for the GRAPES m3DVAR system

The magnitude and distribution of observation innovations,which have an important impact on the analyzed accuracy,are critical variables in data assimilation.Variational quality control(VarQC)based on the contaminated Gaussian distribution(CGD)of observation innovations is now widely used in data assimilation,owing to the more reasonable representation of the probability density function of innovations that can sufficiently absorb observations by assigning different weights iteratively.However,the inaccurate parameters prevent VarQC from showing the advantages it should have in the GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)m3DVAR system.Consequently,the parameter optimization methods are considerable critical studies to improve VarQC.In this paper,we describe two probable CGDs to include the non-Gaussian distribution of actual observation errors,Gaussian plus flat distribution and Huber norm distribution.The potential optimization methods of the parameters are introduced in detail for different VarQCs.With different parameter configurations,the optimization analysis shows that the Gaussian plus flat distribution and the Huber norm distribution are more consistent with the long-tail distribution of actual innovations compared to the Gaussian distribution.The VarQC’s cost and gradient functions with Huber norm distribution are more reasonable,while the VarQC’s cost function with Gaussian plus flat distribution may converge on different minimums due to its nonconcave properties.The weight functions of two VarQCs gradually decrease with the increase of innovation but show different shapes,and the VarQC with Huber norm distribution shows more elasticity to assimilate the observations with a high contamination rate.Moreover,we reveal a general derivation relationship between the CGDs and VarQCs.A novel schematic interpretation that classifies the assimilated data into three categories in VarQC is presented.They are conducive to the development of a new VarQC method in the future.

Development and application of ocean station auto monitoring data on-line quality control system

The quality control of ocean observation data is conducted by monthly review,yet no on-line quality control system is deployed.An on-line quality control system is provided by this article.The threshold of extreme and rate of change is created by analyzing the character of observation items.The alert will be triggered to remind the operator if the system detects data out of threshold.therefore the on-line data quality control is accomplished.

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Innovation of Supervision System for Quality and Safety of Edible Agricultural Products

This paper elaborated multidimensional characteristics of quality and safety of agricultural products,introduced current situation of quality and safety supervision of edible agricultural products in China,analyzed existing problems of quality and safety supervision system and corresponding reasons,and finally came up with recommendations for innovation of supervision system for quality and safety of agricultural products.

The Innovation of CNC Machine Interface Based on DNC System

This paper describes the innovation schemes of the interface of a CNC machine which cannot communicate with a computer by a Direct Numerical Control(DNC)interface and the functions of a DNC interface system.One architecture of hardware and software of a practi- cal single-chip computer based on DNC interface system developed by the authors is given. Without any change of the original hardware and software,this DNC interface system has been used to innovate the CNC machine's interface to implement the direct communication between a computer and a CNC machine and to achieve no tape transmission of a part program and ma- chine parameters.It has been demonstrated that this DNC interface system has certain practical values in improving the reliability,efficiency and production management of CNC/NC machine.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Safety-Constrained Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Power Quality Control in Distributed Renewable Energy Networks

This paper examines the difficulties of managing distributed power systems,notably due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources,and focuses on voltage control challenges exacerbated by their variable nature in modern power grids.To tackle the unique challenges of voltage control in distributed renewable energy networks,researchers are increasingly turning towards multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL).However,MARL raises safety concerns due to the unpredictability in agent actions during their exploration phase.This unpredictability can lead to unsafe control measures.To mitigate these safety concerns in MARL-based voltage control,our study introduces a novel approach:Safety-ConstrainedMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning(SC-MARL).This approach incorporates a specialized safety constraint module specifically designed for voltage control within the MARL framework.This module ensures that the MARL agents carry out voltage control actions safely.The experiments demonstrate that,in the 33-buses,141-buses,and 322-buses power systems,employing SC-MARL for voltage control resulted in a reduction of the Voltage Out of Control Rate(%V.out)from0.43,0.24,and 2.95 to 0,0.01,and 0.03,respectively.Additionally,the Reactive Power Loss(Q loss)decreased from 0.095,0.547,and 0.017 to 0.062,0.452,and 0.016 in the corresponding systems.

Evaluation of the Impact of Refined Quality Control Management Model on the Qualified Rate of Disinfection and Sterilization of Surgical Instruments in the Sterilization Supply Center

Objective:To evaluate the application value of a refined quality control management model for a sterilization supply center.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the work situation of the sterilization supply center from January 2021 to January 2023.The work situation before January 31,2022,was classified as the control group;a routine quality control management model was implemented,and the work situation after January 31,2022,was classified as the observation group.The quality of medical device management and department satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:The timely recovery and supply rate,classification and cleaning pass rate,disinfection pass rate,packaging pass rate,sterilization pass rate,and department satisfaction score in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing a refined quality control management model in the sterilization supply center can improve the quality management level of medical devices and department satisfaction and is worthy of promotion.

Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Its Potential Function on Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control in Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

PDI is a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in Endoplasmic Reticulum quality control (ERQC).PDI participates in the refolding of the misfolded/unfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis under differentstresses. However, bioinformatic characteristics and potential functions of PDIs in diatom Phaeodactylumtricornutum (Pt) are still unknown so far. Hence, the genome-wide characteristics of PtPDI proteins in P. tricornutumwere first studied via bioinformatic and transcriptomic methods. 42 PtPDI genes were identified from thegenome of P. tricornutum. The motif, protein structure, classification, number of introns, phylogenetic relationship,and the expression level of 42 PtPDI genes under the tunicamycin stress were analyzed. A pair of tandemduplicated genes (PtPDI15 and PtPDI18) was observed in P. tricornutum. The 42 PtPDIs with different genecharacteristics were divided into three independent clades, indicating different evolutional relationships and functionsof these PtPDIs. The 14 up-regulated PtPDI genes under the tunicamycin treatment might have a positiveeffect on the ER quality control of the unfolded/misfolded proteins, while the 7 down-regulated PtPDIs mightnegatively affect the ERQC. The characteristics of all 42 PtPDIs and their proposed working model here providea comprehensive understanding of the PtPDIs gene family. The differential expression of 21 PtPDIs will be usefulfor further functional study in the ERQC.

Construction Project Management and Construction Quality Control Strategy

With the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process,the construction industry has been developing rapidly.As the key link to ensure the quality and safety of the project,construction management and construction quality control are of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of construction enterprises and realize sustainable development.In this paper,the effective strategy of construction management and the effective strategy of construction quality control will be discussed in depth,aiming at providing useful management and quality control strategies for construction enterprises.

Research on the Improvement and Innovation Paths of Teaching Quality in Private Universities in Zhejiang Province in the Digital Era

In the digital era,the education and teaching of private undergraduate universities in China are undergoing innovative reform.This article uses the literature review method to conduct a survey and research on the quality of teaching resources,teaching platforms,and literature reserves,and proposes a series of strategies and innovative paths to improve the teaching quality of private undergraduate universities.The research results show that the rational use of digital technology can improve the quality of education and teaching,and achieve innovative development in education and teaching.The research results have certain theoretical value and guiding significance for the teaching reform of private undergraduate universities under the background of digital teaching.