THE PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF S&T DEVELOP-MENT IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Ⅰ. GENERAL SITUATION The petrochemical industry is a technology and capital-intensive industry. The United States took the lead in the development of the petrochemical industry and started launching petrochemical projects in the 1930s and 1940s. The petrochemical industry in other developed countries, such as Germany, the United kingdom, France, Italy and Japan, began their development in the 1960s and 1970s.The petrochemical industry in these countries has played

Looking to the future:Innovation-driven green development

At the beginning of 2017,on behalf of the Editorial Board of Green Energy&Environment(GEE),we wish all of our readers,authors and reviewers a very happy and successful2017.Looking back to 2016,GEE has received many submissions from many countries all over the world since it was launched in April 2016.In the former three issues published,we remain committed to delivering those articles which should be

Calling for Innovation-driven Educational Reform and Development

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party CentralCommittee has put innovation-driven development to a great importance, which is a trumpet for a battlefor innovation-driven educational reform and development. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinesenation is calling for educational innovation-driven development. Therefore, traditional system of educationshould be treated in both sides; education needs innovation but not outdated reform; there must be a sini-cized theoretical system of educational science to lead and guide.

Development of innovation-driven green economy in Huangshan City, China

With the increasingly prominent problems of ecology, environment and resources in China, green economy development is becoming more and more urgent. Innovation has become the key driving force of economic development. Economic development of Huangshan City should take the road of "green development " and combine economic development with ecological protection. This paper designs the measurement index of innovation and green economic development, and makes an empirical analysis based on the data of innovation and green economic development in Huangshan City from 2005 to 2016. It is concluded that the index of innovation and green economic development in Huangshan City shows an increasing trend. Innovation has a positive role in promoting green economic development in Huangshan City. Therefore, Huangshan City should strengthen regional innovation management, create regional innovation environment, strengthen cooperation between industry, University and research, increase support for green innovation, promote technological innovation of recycling, and promote the construction of circular economy.

Measurement and Spatial Difference Analysis of Innovation-Driven Urban Development Levels in Sichuan Province

Based on the connotation and process of innovation-driven development, we have developed a comprehensive evaluation system containing 20 indicators in five aspects, including innovation factors, innovation subjects, innovation environments, innovation outputs, and development performance, to measure the levels of innovation-driven development in Sichuan province. Selecting 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan province as research objects, we evaluated and measured the innovation-driven development levels of each city and prefecture using the entropy weight method(EWM). According to the evaluation results, the 21 cities and prefectures were divided into four categories depending on their levels of innovation-driven development: advanced-level, high-level, medium-level, and low-level. The results show that there are obvious spatial differences in terms of innovation-driven development levels among cities and prefectures in Sichuan province. Specifically, Chengdu, Mianyang, Panzhihua, and Deyang cities rank among the top four cities because of their advanced and high levels of innovation-driven development, while other cities and prefectures are at the medium and low levels. We also analyzed the innovation-driven development policies and practices of cities and prefectures in Sichuan province, to provide guidance for implementing innovation-driven development strategies in the cities and prefectures in the future.

On the Cooperation Between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in the Field of the Right to Development and its Prospects

China and the Non-Aligned Movement share the same goals,a common code of conduct,and similar ideas in protecting the right to development,and the two have a solid foundation for cooper-ation.Both emphasize that the right to development is a basic human right,strive to elevate the right to development to a mainstream hu-man right,and jointly advocate placing the right to development at the center of the agenda.They work together to enhance the strategic sta-tus of the right to development.Both of them have participated in the formulation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,and col-laborated to improve the Declaration.They have also jointly proposed the resolution on the right to development,and supported the drafting of the Convention on the Right to Development to advance the codifi-cation of the right to development.Both of them uphold South-South cooperation and promote North-South dialogue and cooperation.They have established a support mechanism to promote international cooperation on the right to development in a coordinated manner.The cooperation between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in pro-tecting the right to development has broken the past Western-centered paradigm of human rights development,broadened the international perspective of the human rights cause,and played a crucial role in the formation of international human rights norms.In the future,oppor-tunities and challenges coexist for cooperation between the two sides,with promising prospects.China’s cooperation with the Non-Aligned Movement in the protection of the right to development has accumulat-ed valuable and inspirational experiences for the human rights cause of developing countries and the building of the international human rights system.。

Framework and Elemental Analysis for Constructing a Real-Time New Quality Productivity Monitoring System

New quality productivity represents the core force driving global economic transformation and high-quality development.It signifies a shift in the economic system from being driven by traditional factors to a focus on innovation,technology intensiveness,and green,sustainable transformation.In this context,establishing an effective quality productivity monitoring system is of critical importance.This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework for the new quality productivity monitoring system and analyze its key elements.The goal is to provide a robust data foundation and scientific guidance for policy planning,platform development,talent cultivation,and introduction.The ultimate aim is to achieve real-time monitoring and precise evaluation of new quality productivity,ensuring its alignment with the long-term development of the social economy.

Exploration and Practice of“Four Integration and Four Innovation”Specialized and Creative Integration Talent Cultivation Mode:Taking Chongqing Energy Vocational College as an Example

With the release of China Education Modernization 2035,education modernization has become a national strategic goal.In this context,Chongqing Energy Vocational College is actively exploring the“four integration and four innovation”specialized and creative integration talent cultivation mode,aiming at cultivating high-quality talents with innovative spirit and practical skills.This paper analyzes the status quo and challenges of talent cultivation in higher vocational education,puts forward the main practices of innovation-driven,creation and research,cross-border integration,and innovative practice,and has achieved remarkable results.Additionally,it summarizes the experience revelation and provides a reference for other higher vocational colleges and universities.

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Grain Filling in Maize with Different Nitrogen Efficiency

There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi- ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effect of nitrogen application on maize growth can be reflected at the grain filling stage. Many scholars have researched the differences in grain filling characteristics among different maize varieties under the same nitrogen application conditions, but there are reare reports on the differ- ences under different nitrogen application conditions. In this study, the grain filling dynamics of maize were observed so as to determine the differences in nitrogen efficiency and to further compare the differences in grain filling characteristics a- mong different maize varieties. The test was carried out with Tunyu 99, Luyu 19 and Xianyu 335 as the materials during May 1st to October 7th, 2013. Under the nitrogen application levels of NO （0 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, N1 （140 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen） and N2 （210 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, the filling dynamics of upper- and middle- lower-part grains of spring maize were studied. The results showed that among the three nitrogen application level, the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Tunyu 99 ranked as N2〉NI〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Luyu 19 ranked as N1〉N2〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Xianyu 335 ranked as （N1, N2）〉N0, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Un- der the nitrogen application level of N1, Luyu 19 showed the best growth; under the nitrogen application level of N2, Tunyu 99 showed the best growth, The growth ad- vantage of Xianyu 335 was unobvious under neither N1 nor N2 nitrogen application levels. The development-promoting effect of nitrogen application was more obvious in upper-part grains than that in middle-lower-part grains.

Numerical Simulation of the Sudden Rainstorm Associated with the Remnants of Typhoon Meranti (2010)

The Advanced Research Weather Forecasting （ARW） model was used to simulate the sudden heavy rainstorm associated with the remnants of Typhoon Meranti in September 2010. The results showed that the heavy rainfall was produced when the remnant clouds redeveloped suddenly, and the redevelopment was caused by rapid growth of micro/mesoscale convective systems （MCSs）. As cold air intruded into the warm remnant clouds, the atmosphere became convectively unstable and frontogenesis happened due to strong wind shear between weak northerly flow and strong southwesterly flow in the lower levels. Under frontogenesis-foreing and warm-air advection stimulation in updrafts, vertical convection developed intensely inside the remnant clouds, with MCSs forming and maturing along the front. The genesis and development of MCSs was due to the great progress vertical vorticity made. The moist isentropic surface became slantwise as atmospheric baroclinity intensified when cold air intruded, which reduced the convective instability of the air.Meanwhile, vertical wind shear increased because the north cold air caused the wind direction to turn from south to north with height. In accordance with slantwise vorticity development （SVD）, vertical vorticity would develop vigorously and contribute greatly to MCSs. Buoyancy, the pressure gradient, and the lifting of cold air were collectively the source of kinetic energy for rainfall. The low-level southwesterly jet from the western margin of the Western Pacific Subtropical High transported water and heat to remnant clouds. Energy bursts and continuous water vapor transportation played a major role in producing intense rainfall in a very short period of time.

Theoretical Mechanisms,Practice Foundations,and Policy Options for Big Data Driven High-quality Economic Growth in China

In the transition of China’s economy from high-speed growth to high-quality growth in the new era,economic practices are oriented to fostering new growth drivers,developing new industries,and forming new models.Based on the data flow,big data effectively integrates technology,material,fund,and human resource flows and reveals new paths for the development of new growth drivers,new industries and new models.Adopting an analytical framework with"macro-meso-micro"levels,this paper elaborates on the theoretical mechanisms by which big data drives high-quality growth through efficiency improvements,upgrades of industrial structures,and business model innovations.It also explores the practical foundations for big data driven high-quality growth including technological advancements of big data,the development of big data industries,and the formulation of big data strategies.Finally,this paper proposes policy options for big data promoting high-quality growth in terms of developing digital economy,consolidating the infrastructure construction of big data,expediting convergence of big data and the real economy,advocating for a big data culture,and expanding financing options for big data.

Abstracts Selected from Naihuo Cailiao (Refractories)——A Chinese Language Bimonthly Volume 47,Number 5,2013

Development and prospect of China＇ s refrac- tory industry equipment/Liu Junguang, WeiTong//Naihuo Cailiao. - 2013,47 （5） ：321 Alasttact： China＇ s refractory equipment including me- chanical equipment and kilns developed rapidly in the past two decades by technological innovation, advanced products introduction and independent research and de- velopment based on the former Soviet Union＇ s aid. In recent years, some high efficient equipment was devel- oped covering fields of fine grinding, burdening, mix- ing,shaping and firing,etc. In the new developing peri- od of refractory industry from big to strong, the ad- vanced refractory equipment shall be well researched and developed ,and be well spread taking the opportu- nity of raw materials homogenization and purification, capacity large scale, quality and pollutants reduction. improvement, energy saving

The competition and equilibrium in power markets under decar-bonization and decentralization

Equilibrium analysis has been widely studied as an effective tool to model gaming interactions and predict market results.However,as competition modes are fundamentally changed by the decarbonization and decentralization of power systems,analysis techniques must evolve.This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in modelling methods,practical settings and solution tech-niques in equilibrium analysis.Firstly,we review equilibrium in the evolving wholesale power markets which feature new entrants,novel trading products and multi-stage clearing.Secondly,the competition modes in the emerging distribution market and distributed resource aggregation are reviewed,and we compare peer-to-peer clearing,cooperative games and Stackelberg games.Further-more,we summarize the methods to treat various information acquisition degrees,risk preferences and rationalities of market par-ticipants.To deal with increasingly complex market settings,this review also covers refined analytical techniques and agent-based models used to compute the equilibrium.Finally,based on this review,this paper summarizes key issues in the gaming and equilibrium analysis in power markets under decarbonization and decentralization.

Exploration of “Integrated Emerging Engineering” Applied Talent Training Mode for Landscape Architecture

Under the background of national promotion of innovation-driven development and Hubei Provincial Department of Education’s proposal to adjust and optimize the layout of higher education disciplines and specialties to serve Hubei as an important strategic pivot for the rise of central region,and based on the regional advantages of Yichang in the urban agglomeration of “Yichang,Jingzhou,Jingmen and Enshi” and the discipline characteristics and construction process of landscape architecture,the exploration and practice of “integrated emerging engineering” talent training mode of landscape architecture in College of Science and Technology of China Three Gorges University are comprehensively summarized from the aspects of teaching system construction,teaching staff construction,curriculum ideological and political construction,service industry and locality,deepening integration of production and education,transformation of scientific research achievements,and second classroom construction,in order to provide a reference for the training of emerging engineering talents in colleges and universities.

Influence of the Number of Reserved Fruit on Fruit-bearing Branch of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. on Fruit Growth and Development

In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cultivation Technique Standards in Guizhou Province, the dynamic changes of fruit longitudinal diameter and trans-verse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. were tested in two consecutive years and the effects of single-fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development were compared. The results showed annual varia-tion of longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit in Guizhou grew faster at the beginning and then slowed down gradual y, maintaining a slow-growth period after October; the growth curve final y was flat in mature stage. General y, the growth and development stage of fruit showed four growth peaks, showing an in-creasing S-shape curve and fruit net increase also had four growth peaks with a double S-shape curve. Specifical y, longitudinal diameters growth alternated with transverse diameter growth and the former proved much stronger. In terms of ef-fects of single-fruit bearing branch on longitudinal and transverse diameter growth, the number of reserved fruits had direct effects on the growth, net increase of weight, time of growth peak, fluctuation and the number of growth peak. The growth and development, and quality of fruits in the treatments with two or three fruits re-served on single fruit-bearing branch proved better compared with the control with four left fruits. It suggested that early June and early July are the best time for fer-tilization of early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in Guizhou Pprovince and would have better effect if combined with foliage spraying. The suitable harvest time is in the end of October. The preferred number of reserved fruit on single fruit-bearing branch is 2-3. In actual production, the implementation of flower and fruit thinning should also takes tree age, balance of tree vigor, strength of fruit bearing branch, alternate bearing phenomenon and other factors into consideration.

On the Planning of Chinese Marine High-tech Industry Demonstration Zones:From the Perspective of Supply-side Structural Reform

China’s national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zones focus on supply-side structural reform in their overall plan of development.This paper selected the China’s marine industry as its research subject and analyzes its current situation and major problems.After summarizing the current researches of China’s marine industry parks,from the perspective of supply-side structural reform,this paper specifies the tasks and objectives of the construction of the marine hi-tech industry demonstration zones.The overall planning of the demonstration zones must set distinctive developmen as its orientation,and we should emphasize innovation-driven and green development,devise a functional zoning that embraces marine-land and allround integration,and seek mechanism innovations that could invigorate the inner drive of development.The paper also puts forward the major principles that the planning of marine hi-tech industry demonstration zones should obey in the context of supply-side structural reform.

Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Innovation Achievements of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province

Objective To promote the innovation and development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province.Methods Literature study and comparative study were used to investigate the current situation and problems of innovation-driven development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province by comparing data of Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,and Jiangsu from four aspects of priority review and approval,consistency evaluation of generic drugs,new drugs on the market,and scientific and technological innovation achievements.Results and Conclusion In terms of innovation-driven development,pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province has the following problems,such as small scale,weak transformation of scientific and technological achievements,tough business environment,and single platform module of scientific and technological achievements.Combined with the actual development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning province,the government should give full play to its leading role and guide“Benxi Pharmaceutical Capital”to establish characteristic industrial cluster and incubation park.After high quality enterprises and high-level innovative talents get together,enterprises can analyze their actual situation to plan R&D layout,focusing on the input-output ratio.Meanwhile,the benign development of the enterprises,universities and research institutes should be promoted to integrate technical innovation and product supply.This can enhance the cooperation among the government,enterprise,university,and research institute,and provide reference for further development of pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning province.

China’s Development of an Innovation-driven Economy-An Intermediate Assessment

China’s economic, technological and scientific achievements of the past years and decades are impressive. However, the country’s policy makers have even higher aspirations and therefore set up a number of policies to tackle the threat of the so-called middle-income-trap. This paper describes and discusses some of these policies, of which the Innovation-Driven Economy Development Strategy is seen as the backbone of current Chinese STI policy. The level of achievements as well as the expected developments is put into perspective by selected empirical data. We conclude that China’s industry will further improve its competitiveness in several sectors in the coming years. Western representatives need to wave good-bye to the ideas that China assimilates. At the same time, the era of the "land of gold" when China provides the world with low-cost products and buys high-tech goods from Western companies is over. However, if China intends to become a reputable member of the international STI community, the country should develop actively the nowadays often-demanded ‘level-playing field’. This would not only mean that China needs to accept and implement internationally agreed rules and institutions. It would also mean vice versa that Westerners accept the differences in the systems, the Chinese Way as well as the Chinese ‘market economy’, which is not meant to be the same like in Europe or North America.

走向21世纪的中国国际旅行卫生保健——中国国境卫生检疫工作改革与国际旅卫生保健发展

美国《时代》周刊发表文章指出:21世纪,一个名副其实的全球性旅行时代来临。旅游业同石油和汽车一起被称为世界三大经济支柱产业。1996年,中国入境出境人员已达1.1亿人次,国际旅游收入超过100亿美元,国内旅游收入超过1600亿人民币。随着我国认真贯彻党的"十五大",进一步扩大对外开放,国内外旅游业迅速发展,我国国际旅行卫生保健必将取得蓬勃发展。

A Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Infant and Adult Mouse Ovary

Ovary development is a complex process involving numerous genes. A well-developed ovary is essential for females to keep fertility and reproduce offspring. In order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms related to the process of mammalian ovary development, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis on ovaries isolated from infant and adult mice by using next-generation sequencing technology （SOLID）. We identified 15,454 and 16,646 trans- criptionally active genes at the infant and adult stage, respectively. Among these genes, we also identified 7021 differentially expressed genes. Our analysis suggests that, in general, the adult ovary has a higher level of transcriptomic activity. However, it appears that genes related to primordial follicle development, such as those encoding Figla and Nobox, are more active in the infant ovary, whereas expression of genes vital for follicle development, such as Gdj~, Bmp4 and Bmpl5, is upreg- ulated in the adult. These data suggest a dynamic shift in gene expression during ovary development and it is apparent that these changes function to facilitate follicle maturation, when additional func- tional gene studies are considered. Furthermore, our investigation has also revealed several impor- tant functional pathways, such as apoptosis, MAPK and steroid biosynthesis, that appear to be much more active in the adult ovary compared to those of the infant. These findings will provide a solid foundation for future studies on ovary development in mice and other mammals and help to expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that occur during postnatal ovary development.