Does innovative city pilot policy promote urban green growth in China?An analysis of green total factor productivity,2005-2020

The innovative city pilot policy(ICPP)is an essential manifestation of China’s construction of an innovative and green-driven development country.We incorporated urban green total factor productivity(GTFP)growth into the evaluation of ICPP.Based on the panel data of 223 cities in China from 2005 to 2020,we used the difference-in-differences model to empirically assess the influence and mechanism of the ICPP on urban GTFP growth.The main results show that(i)The ICPP has maintained an effectively fluctuating promotion on urban GTFP growth,mainly manifested in the urban green technological progress improvement.(ii)The ICPP has urban heterogeneity in promoting GTFP growth in pilot cities,mainly affecting key cities such as provincial capitals.(iii)The interaction between the agglomeration of producer services and the ICPP inhibits GTFP growth in pilot cities.

Drivers of Innovative Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Bamenda City, Cameroon

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is gaining increasing importance in developing countries, due to rapid urbanization and rising rural-to-urban migration which has led to an increase in the population of the urban poor in Cameroon. It has been estimated that at least 70% of the total population of Cameroon will be living in urban areas by 2060. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has become an important source of livelihood and survival, especially amongst the urban poor but is not adequately recognized and supported by the government of Cameroon and organizations. Recent innovations in UPA have created new opportunities for social, economic, and environmental sustainability of urban areas, hence possible policy formulation in UPA. Therefore, this study was conducted with the main objective of determining the drivers of innovative urban and peri-urban agriculture in Bamenda City, Cameroon. Methodologically, the study employed probit model, using primary data collected from a sample of 402 UPA farmers through the cluster, simple random, and snowball sampling techniques. The results revealed that access to extension services is a major driver of innovative UPA in Bamenda City and is statistically significant at 1%. Other factors such as employment status (full time), age group (26 to 50 years), and gender, were also seen to have a significant positive influence on innovative UPA while the level of education (secondary) had a negative influence on innovative UPA and was statistically significant at 5%. Limited capital, limited knowledge, and financial constraints were identified as the major challenges hindering the practice of innovative urban and peri-urban agriculture in Bamenda City. The study recommends that the government and non-governmental organizations should increase the quality and quantity of extension service delivery to urban and peri-urban farmers, and more recognition and support should be offered to them to help overcome the challenges faced.

Do smart city policies improve energy efficiency?Evidence from China

To address air pollution and offer a convenient and comfortable living environment,the Chinese government launched a smart city pilot(SCP)project in 2012,accompanied by a comprehensive set of environmental and energy-related laws and regulations.Although academic interest in smart cities has surged,there remains a notable gap in empirical research exploring the economic,environmental,and energy effects of such initiatives.Taking 232 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2017 as research subjects,this study measures energy effi‐ciency by using energy consumption per unit of GDP and adopts a difference-in-differences(DID)analysis to investigate the impact of SCPs on energy efficiency.The empirical results indicate that SCPs improved energy efficiency by promoting urban technological innovation capabilities and green total factor productivity,and this effect was more pronounced in cities that were more dependent on traditional fossil fuel energy sources and had more developed fiscal and financial levels.Studying the impact of smart city construction on energy utilization efficiency in developing countries,such as China,is not only significantly enlightening for China’s green and low-carbon transition but also provides reference opinions for constructing smart cities and the path to enhancing energy efficiency in other developing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into the global development of smart cities,urban sustainability,and high-quality economic growth.

Innovative Mode and Application of Flipped Classroom in City Design Course

The city planning quick topic design is a part of the city design course in many urban planning colleges.It can help stimulate the students’off-handed creativity and image expression ability.So it is necessary to explore the teaching mode which can adapt to it and stimulate students’learning enthusiasm and creative ability.In the context of promoting the"classroom revolution"of higher education in China,the flipped classroom has received widespread attention in the higher education community.Based on this,after three years of teaching practice,the author adaptively adjusted and innovatively modified the basic model of flip classroom in the quick topic design teaching of the city design course,and has found a variant model applicable to this course,namely OCTIAS(objective-case exploration-trial and error-instructional video-activities-summary and promotion).Firstly,insert two sections before the video learning,including"case travel exploration"and"trial and error(in order to accumulate beneficial failures)".Secondly,in the classroom activities,sort out the problems reflected by the students,and organize the students to make self-evaluation,mutual evaluation and revise the trial and error plan before the class.Finally,think about the problems that may occur in the cities in the future and their spatial organization responses.The practice showed that compared with the traditional teaching mode,the OCTIAS model could make the city design course more interesting,and help the students to improve in the solidity of theoretical knowledge learning,the flexibility of practical operation,the initiative to think about realistic problems,and the ability of critical thinking and expression.

Study on Revision and Compilation of Rainstorm Intensity Formula in Liuzhou City and County

Rainstorm intensity formula,main basis of solving urban waterlogging,is the basis of scientifically and rationally making urban drainage professional planning and drainage engineering design. In this paper,compilation of rainstorm intensity formula in Luzhai County was taken as the case,revision and compilation techniques and research methods of rainstorm intensity formulas in municipal district and administrated county of Liuzhou were introduced. According to the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,historical rainfall data at Luzhai National Weather Station were sampled by using annual maximum method,and sampling time was from1980 to 2016. The period with the maximum rainfall was divided into 11 time intervals： 5,10,15,20,30,45,60,90,120,150 and 180 min. Fitting adjust of rainstorm sample data was conducted by using Pearson-III distribution curve,rainstorm intensity formula was fitted by the least square method,and calculation accuracy test corresponded with the requirement of Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016）. Conclusions and suggestions were as below： firstly,rainstorm intensity formula was compiled and calculated according to the recommended methods of the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,calculation process was normative,and calculation result error met the requirement of the specification. Secondly,sampling by annual maximum method was more suitable for the expression of periodic hydrometeorological law by taking year as reappearance period,and could cause better randomness and independence of statistical sample,and the method was scientific and reliable. Thirdly,rainstorm intensity formula compiled by taking rainfall data in national weather stations of Liuzhou and its administrated counties as the sample could be used in the scope of the local jurisdiction.

An Innovative City： Impact of Innovations on City Development

The process of innovative development is stimulated by cities as centers of accumulated （regional） growth and innovative enterprises as elements of urban space. Cities stimulate innovations by creating a specific demand for innovations and innovative products as well as specific incentives such as preferable conditions for creation, accumulation, usage, and exchange of knowledge and information. Diffusion of ideas has an impact on changes in environment resulting in increase in dynamics of innovation, which means possibilities of innovative development for local firms. The paper highlights the idea of an innovative city with respect to the impact of innovations on city development. The concept of an innovative city is not clearly defined because the interpretation of innovation is differentiated and ambiguous except for common denominator of the novelty. The paper underlines the role of city＇s environment for innovations＇ creation acting as an incubator for clusters of firms, particularly those engaged in the process of high-tech involvement （technology parks）. The option of an innovative city approach presented here is the author＇s view on an innovative city＇s growth and it is based on the role of synergic interaction between innovative firms as elements of a city space and an innovative city itself.

A Cognitive Approach to the Formalization of City and County Names in China’s Hunan Province

There were mainly six types of formalization models found in the study for 95 city and county names in China’s Hunan province,namely,the environment in a place for the place,the wish of the nomenclator for the place,the relative position of a place for the place,the resident for the place,the legend for the place,and the function of a place for the place.In the six formalization models,environment in a place for the place was the most in number,forging 47 names.Besides,the wish of the nomenclator for the place and the relative position of a place for the place came the second,taking 20 names respectively.The cognitive operation participating in the formalization was primarily single metonymy with only a few complex metonymies.Metaphtonymy could be only noted in the model of the wish of the nomenclator for the place.It was notable that single metaphor was missing in the cognitive operations.

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

石家庄市县域科技创新与经济发展耦合协调关系时空演变

选取石家庄市13个县域单元作为研究区域,构建科技创新能力和经济发展水平评价指标体系,计算评价指数,测算两者的耦合协调度,使用ArcGIS绘制空间分布图,深入剖析科技创新能力、经济发展水平以及两者耦合协调关系的时空演变特征。研究发现:全市县域科技创新能力和经济发展水平呈现较强的正相关性,且都在2010—2017年间提升速度较快,而在2019年之后提升速度呈减慢的趋势。2010—2021年经济发展水平指数均高于科技创新能力指数,但后者提升速度高于前者,表明石家庄市各县域科技创新能力滞后于经济发展水平,但科技创新能力的发展势头较好。2010年以来,全市县域耦合协调度呈现上升趋势,但耦合协调度与科技创新能力和经济发展水平的变化趋势相似,即2018年之前的提升速度要快于2018年之后。2021年,全市县域耦合协调度等级为“勉强协调发展”,协调发展水平较低,有待进一步提升。

智慧城市建设对企业绿色创新的影响——基于准自然实验的实证研究

基于2007—2020年A股上市公司与地级市的年度面板数据,运用多期双重差分法实证检验智慧城市试点政策对企业绿色创新的影响,研究发现:(1)智慧城市试点政策显著提升了企业绿色创新数量和绿色创新质量,且该结论经过PSM-DID及安慰剂等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;(2)智慧城市试点政策通过增强城市财政支持、缓解企业融资约束进而促进企业绿色创新的“增量提质”;(3)微观层面异质性分析结果表明,智慧城市试点政策对成长期、非重污染企业绿色创新的“增量提质”作用更显著;宏观层面表明,试点政策对企业绿色创新的“增量提质”效应在低市场化进程、东中部地区企业中更加明显。

人文城市建设的经济价值——来自历史文化遗产活化的证据

历史文化遗产是城市的宝贵资源,也是城市文化的重要组成部分。本研究基于人文经济学的价值判断,以国家历史文化名城作为人文城市的典型代表进行准自然实验,利用多期双重差分模型探讨历史文化遗产活化对所在城市创新能力的效应及其影响机制。结果表明:国家历史文化名城建设对城市创新能力提升具有显著正面作用;历史文化遗产活化可以通过发挥要素积累效应、产业转型升级效应与宜居宜业效应,助推城市创新能力提升。本研究有助于理解人文城市建设、历史文化遗产活化的经济价值,进而探索新时代人文经济学的作用机理和理论框架,为构建人文经济学话语体系提供实践证据和实证方法,并为发展人文经济提供理论和实践启示。

金融要素集聚的绿色创新效应:空间关联特征与城市群异质性

区域绿色技术创新体系建设是经济绿色转型的重要基础,而金融要素空间集聚则充当着科技创新活动的重要加速器。现有文献围绕着金融要素集聚和绿色技术创新两条主线展开广泛讨论,也关注到金融要素集聚所内生的绿色创新效应,但较少基于城市群这一新时期区域协同发展的新型空间载体,系统考察两者的空间关联效应及其区域异质性特征。因此,选取国内十大代表性城市群,对其内部金融要素集聚和绿色技术创新的时空演变轨迹和空间关联异质性进行多维度诊断。研究发现:第一,金融要素集聚有助于通过各种空间效应加速城市群内部的绿色金融发展,进而正向驱动区域绿色技术创新水平的提升;第二,城市群范围内的金融要素集聚不仅会对区域绿色技术创新产生明显的本地促进效应,也会同时形成显著的空间溢出效果;第三,金融要素集聚对于绿色技术创新的空间效应还会受到城市群金融集聚模式、行政层级特征、经济发展状况等因素制约。有鉴于此,区域协同发展过程中,应围绕城市群发展定位构建差异化的金融要素集聚模式,因之打造契合于不同城市群现实约束的绿色金融服务体系和绿色技术创新体系;同时深度挖掘金融要素集聚对于绿色金融发展和绿色技术创新的空间传导效应及其异质性特征,推动金融改革和绿色发展的有效空间互动。

创新企业的中微观集聚特征及邻近性机制研究——基于长三角地区4座典型城市的实证

在创新型经济重构空间使用逻辑的背景下,以解析城市内部创新要素的集聚和选址为出发点,构建创新企业集聚的邻近性框架,运用中小型创新企数据以及问卷调查数据,对长三角上海、南京、杭州、苏州4座典型的创新型城市进行研究,透视创新在空间利用上的新变化和新需求。研究得出以下结论:(1)集聚趋势。在我国内城更新与新城开发同步推进的城镇化语境下,创新企业的集聚兼具回归城区和近郊生长的双重动力,而且低密度、品质高的新兴园区与创新人才的需求形成了较好契合。(2)结构演化。创新企业的集聚结构与城市的空间转型、功能演化形成紧密互动。城市的区域职能分工、空间结构对企业的集聚有深刻影响。创新企业的集聚强度由中心向外围衰减,形成半径为1~3 km的核心-边缘结构。(3)区位逻辑。除政策、产业等传统因素外,创新企业不仅侧重于向“年轻集群”和应用导向的科研集群集聚,而且呈现出明确的生活指向,品质、氛围等软性因素成为不可忽视的高阶需求。

城市创新创业活力与新兴产业核心技术:空间极化、规模门槛与中介效应

城市新企业、新资本和新发明涌现是孕育新兴产业核心技术的活力源泉,对加快形成新质生产力具有重要意义。利用中国城市面板数据考察创新创业活力对新兴产业核心技术的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)城市创新创业活力显著促进新兴产业核心技术数量提升,在考虑一系列稳健性检验后结论仍然成立。(2)创新创业活力对新兴产业核心技术活动的影响存在“边际递增”的城市规模门槛特征,而对邻近城市产生显著的抑制作用,存在“马太效应”和“虹吸效应”。(3)城市创新创业活力对新兴产业核心技术活动的影响存在区域和梯度异质性,不同地理位置和文化区的城市存在显著差异,而资源型城市、智慧城市和创新型城市的分组回归体现了梯度性特征。(4)创新创业活力通过提升城市多样性,特别是专业化部门的多样性程度,促进新兴产业核心技术数量增长。

财政科技支出对城市创新的影响:效应与机制

本文以城市群为切入点,运用静态空间杜宾模型、动态空间自回归模型和非对称反应模型,采用2011—2020年我国273个地级市数据,系统考察了财政科技支出对城市创新的影响效应和机制。研究发现:首先,财政科技支出对城市创新有显著且稳健的正向本地效应和空间效应,且城市群城市财政科技支出对城市创新有更高的本地效应和空间效应。其次,创新类别异质性分析结果表明,相较于策略性创新,现有财政科技支出总体围绕提高城市的实质性创新展开,但非城市群城市财政科技支出的实质性创新倾向显著弱于城市群城市;空间关系异质性分析结果表明,“集聚阴影”现象在样本期内显著存在。最后,进一步分析结果显示,从财政科技支出策略互动行为来看,我国地级市间普遍存在财政科技支出策略互动行为,且相较于非城市群城市,城市群城市财政科技支出策略互补程度更低;从财政科技支出策略互动模式来看,我国地级市间财政科技支出策略互动模式为逐顶竞争,且非城市群城市有更为显著的逐顶竞争倾向。本文为推动城市创新提供了理论依据和决策参考。

我国“无废城市”建设进展与成效

文章从“无废城市”的建设背景、建设试点进展等方面分析,总结出创建“无废城市”试点的创新和经验,以供参考。

“无废城市”试点政策对企业绿色创新的影响

为推进固体废物治理改革,贯彻落实“双碳”目标及探索区域绿色发展路径,文章以2016—2021年我国试点城市内沪深上市公司为处理组,采用PSM-DID方法进行准自然实验检验。研究发现:相对于非试点地区,“无废城市”试点政策渐进提升了试点地区企业的绿色创新水平和质量;作用机制检验发现,政府环境关注度在试点政策与企业绿色创新之间具有部分中介作用;进一步引入三重差分模型进行异质性检验发现,该政策对工业企业绿色创新质量的提升效应更显著,对国有企业及知识产权保护力度较高地区企业的绿色创新水平和质量提升均更显著。文章为“十四五”期间“无废城市”试点政策的推广提供决策参考。

城市群型自创区创新共同体的建构基础与策略

创新共同体作为促进跨区域创新体系建设的有效途径,已成为城市群型自创区引领区域均衡发展和跨界协同创新的重要模式,其建构基础决定着自创区的创新路径选择与突破重点。结合城市群型自创区创新共同体的基本内涵与运行结构,设计涵盖自主创新力、协同配置力、效益贡献力和国际竞争力的“四力”评价体系,运用全局熵值法和耦合协调度模型测度我国8个城市群型自创区41个核心园区的“四力”耦合协调水平。结果表明:核心园区“四力”耦合协调水平整体呈结构稳定的偏态分布,板块间差异显著且趋势向好;自创区“四力”两极分化且优势各异。随后基于Dagum基尼系数揭示创新共同体建构基础的组内和组间差异,并对差异性溯源分析。组内差异显示:覆盖核心园区越多,协同创新难度越大;核心园区非均衡异化,差异性变动反差明显。组间差异显示:创新共同体建构基础表现出奋力争先、震荡纠缠、低速稳健、成长禁锢4种类型。基于此,从创新动力、协同配置、效益输出、国际竞争等方面提出创新共同体建构策略,以期为打造高质量紧密型创新生态圈提供参考。

湖南省创新型县(市、区)创新能力评价——基于综合赋权的障碍因子诊断

为贯彻国务院关于县域创新驱动发展相关政策,湖南省于2019启动了创新型县(市、区)培育建设,符合各地自身特色的创新道路被逐渐发掘,而其中资源配置、发展质量等问题则急需有效的评价。基于湖南地域特点与经济基础,从创新投入、企业创新、创新环境、创新绩效4个维度,结合专家评分法、熵权法、综合赋权法确定指标权重,运用多因素综合评价法对湖南省14个省级创新型县(市、区)的创新能力进行较为全面的评价分析,利用主客观结合的赋权方法构建指标体系并进行障碍因子诊断,对现有的湖南省内创新型县(市、区)建设情况及其创新能力、障碍因素进行综合性评价,并提出相应的对策建议。

区域一体化如何影响县域企业市场势力——兼论全国统一大市场下企业竞争优势重构

在国内大循环发展背景下,通过区域一体化减少地方保护和区域壁垒,是构建全国统一大市场的重要举措。本文以撤县设区这一准自然实验为对象,基于企业成本加成率,分析区域一体化对县域企业市场势力的影响与机理。研究发现:撤县设区改革降低了被撤并县(市)企业的成本加成率,减少了县域企业的市场势力,促进了县域竞争。机制检验显示,撤县设区通过提升被撤并县(市)企业进入率和减少政府补贴提高了企业边际成本,从而降低了成本加成率。异质性检验表明,撤县设区主要降低了垄断性较强行业、非普通地级市和市县产业同构度较高的县域企业的成本加成率。另外,本文还发现撤县设区改革期间被撤并县(市)企业进行的产品创新、技术创新和服务创新越多,其成本加成率增加越多。本文的研究表明,在国内大循环背景下,区域一体化通过引入竞争削弱了欠发达地区企业市场势力,但域内企业可以通过增加产品、技术和服务创新重构竞争优势,进而从总体上推动经济高质量发展。本文不仅能丰富区域一体化和县域城镇化研究,也能为欠发达地区企业竞争优势重构提供一定参考。