Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account.Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,wit...Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account.Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,without producing too many false alarms.This is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of fraud.In addition,classical machine learning methods must be extended,minimizing expected financial losses.Finally,fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are known.We define three models that overcome these challenges:machine learning-based fraud detection,economic optimization of machine learning results,and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering countermeasures.The models were tested utilizing real data.Our machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15%compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then rules.Optimizing the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%.These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%.Thus,the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.展开更多
An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy developme...An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury(ALI)after liver transplantation(LT)may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome,which is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes,such as prolonged hospital stay,high morbidity,an...BACKGROUND Acute lung injury(ALI)after liver transplantation(LT)may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome,which is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes,such as prolonged hospital stay,high morbidity,and mortality.Therefore,it is vital to maintain hemodynamic stability and optimize fluid management.However,few studies have reported cardiac output-guided(CO-G)management in pediatric LT.AIM To investigate the effect of CO-G hemodynamic management on early postoperative ALI and hemodynamic stability during pediatric living donor LT.METHODS A total of 130 pediatric patients scheduled for elective living donor LT were enrolled as study participants and were assigned to the control group(65 cases)and CO-G group(65 cases).In the CO-G group,CO was considered the target for hemodynamic management.In the control group,hemodynamic management was based on usual perioperative care guided by central venous pressure,continuous invasive arterial pressure,urinary volume,etc.The primary outcome was early postoperative ALI.Secondary outcomes included other early postoperative pulmonary complications,readmission to the intense care unit(ICU)for pulmonary complications,ICU stay,hospital stay,and in-hospital mortality.RESULTS The incidence of early postoperative ALI was 27.7%in the CO-G group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(44.6%)(P<0.05).During the surgery,the incidence of postreperfusion syndrome was lower in the CO-G group(P<0.05).The level of intraoperative positive fluid transfusions was lower and the rate of dobutamine use before portal vein opening was higher,while the usage and dosage of epinephrine during portal vein opening and vasoactive inotropic score after portal vein opening were lower in the CO-G group(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,serum inflammatory factors(interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),cardiac troponin I,and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were lower in the CO-G group after the operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CO-G hemodynamic management in pediatric living-donor LT decreases the incidence of early postoperative ALI due to hemodynamic stability through optimized fluid management and appropriate administration of vasopressors and inotropes.展开更多
The mortgage of land contract management rights has launched a pilot project in Ningxia,Hubei,Henan,Guizhou,Chongqing and other provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,which provides a good solution to the pro...The mortgage of land contract management rights has launched a pilot project in Ningxia,Hubei,Henan,Guizhou,Chongqing and other provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,which provides a good solution to the problem of funds for rural development and plays a huge role in promoting local rural economic development.In the mortgage financing of land contract management rights implemented in various regions,how to determine a scientific,accurate and reasonable mortgage rate of land contract management rights becomes a difficulty troubling the mortgage financing of land.On the basis of unified annual output value of land,this article uses survey method,income capitalization method,and comparison method to analyze the value of land contract management rights,and finally determine the mortgage rates of land contract management rights.展开更多
As a new branch of efficient and low-cost mechanical energy conversion technology,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a potential solution to provide a long-term power supply for the Internet of Things(IoT)sensors and...As a new branch of efficient and low-cost mechanical energy conversion technology,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a potential solution to provide a long-term power supply for the Internet of Things(IoT)sensors and portable electronic devices.However,due to inherent working properties of TENG itself such as extremely high internal impedance,pulse,and alternating current(AC)output,TENG can not directly supply power to loads such as batteries efficiently.Based on these,we describe TENG’s performance from a new perspective of powering ability.It consists of two aspects:the ability to transport charge effectively and the ability to output high power quality current steadily.In order to push forward the developments and applications of TENG,it is necessary to improve its power supply capacity from different perspectives.Fortunately,in recent years,a variety of output signal’s management strategies aiming at effectively managing the generated electricity and significantly improving powering ability of TENG have obtained significantly progress.Herein,this paper discusses the working mechanisms and different load characteristics of TENG at first to clarify the electric performance of TENG.Then,on basis of theoretical analysis,the output signal’s management strategies are elaborated from four aspects:improving the cycle output electricity of TENG,increasing the surface charge density of TENG,improving the power quality of TENG-based energy harvesting system,promoting the application of TENG through integrated circuit(IC)technology and TENG network,and the relevant principles and applications are discussed systematically.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the above output signal’s management strategies are summarized and discussed,and the future development of the output signal’s management strategies for TENG is prospected.展开更多
基金from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account.Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,without producing too many false alarms.This is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of fraud.In addition,classical machine learning methods must be extended,minimizing expected financial losses.Finally,fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are known.We define three models that overcome these challenges:machine learning-based fraud detection,economic optimization of machine learning results,and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering countermeasures.The models were tested utilizing real data.Our machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15%compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then rules.Optimizing the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%.These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%.Thus,the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.
文摘An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute lung injury(ALI)after liver transplantation(LT)may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome,which is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes,such as prolonged hospital stay,high morbidity,and mortality.Therefore,it is vital to maintain hemodynamic stability and optimize fluid management.However,few studies have reported cardiac output-guided(CO-G)management in pediatric LT.AIM To investigate the effect of CO-G hemodynamic management on early postoperative ALI and hemodynamic stability during pediatric living donor LT.METHODS A total of 130 pediatric patients scheduled for elective living donor LT were enrolled as study participants and were assigned to the control group(65 cases)and CO-G group(65 cases).In the CO-G group,CO was considered the target for hemodynamic management.In the control group,hemodynamic management was based on usual perioperative care guided by central venous pressure,continuous invasive arterial pressure,urinary volume,etc.The primary outcome was early postoperative ALI.Secondary outcomes included other early postoperative pulmonary complications,readmission to the intense care unit(ICU)for pulmonary complications,ICU stay,hospital stay,and in-hospital mortality.RESULTS The incidence of early postoperative ALI was 27.7%in the CO-G group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(44.6%)(P<0.05).During the surgery,the incidence of postreperfusion syndrome was lower in the CO-G group(P<0.05).The level of intraoperative positive fluid transfusions was lower and the rate of dobutamine use before portal vein opening was higher,while the usage and dosage of epinephrine during portal vein opening and vasoactive inotropic score after portal vein opening were lower in the CO-G group(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,serum inflammatory factors(interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),cardiac troponin I,and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were lower in the CO-G group after the operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CO-G hemodynamic management in pediatric living-donor LT decreases the incidence of early postoperative ALI due to hemodynamic stability through optimized fluid management and appropriate administration of vasopressors and inotropes.
基金Supported by Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Project in 2011(11CJY001)Research Project of Guangxi Department of Education(201106LX628)
文摘The mortgage of land contract management rights has launched a pilot project in Ningxia,Hubei,Henan,Guizhou,Chongqing and other provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,which provides a good solution to the problem of funds for rural development and plays a huge role in promoting local rural economic development.In the mortgage financing of land contract management rights implemented in various regions,how to determine a scientific,accurate and reasonable mortgage rate of land contract management rights becomes a difficulty troubling the mortgage financing of land.On the basis of unified annual output value of land,this article uses survey method,income capitalization method,and comparison method to analyze the value of land contract management rights,and finally determine the mortgage rates of land contract management rights.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Project from Minister of Science and Technology(No.2021YFA1201602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172203 and U21A20175).
文摘As a new branch of efficient and low-cost mechanical energy conversion technology,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a potential solution to provide a long-term power supply for the Internet of Things(IoT)sensors and portable electronic devices.However,due to inherent working properties of TENG itself such as extremely high internal impedance,pulse,and alternating current(AC)output,TENG can not directly supply power to loads such as batteries efficiently.Based on these,we describe TENG’s performance from a new perspective of powering ability.It consists of two aspects:the ability to transport charge effectively and the ability to output high power quality current steadily.In order to push forward the developments and applications of TENG,it is necessary to improve its power supply capacity from different perspectives.Fortunately,in recent years,a variety of output signal’s management strategies aiming at effectively managing the generated electricity and significantly improving powering ability of TENG have obtained significantly progress.Herein,this paper discusses the working mechanisms and different load characteristics of TENG at first to clarify the electric performance of TENG.Then,on basis of theoretical analysis,the output signal’s management strategies are elaborated from four aspects:improving the cycle output electricity of TENG,increasing the surface charge density of TENG,improving the power quality of TENG-based energy harvesting system,promoting the application of TENG through integrated circuit(IC)technology and TENG network,and the relevant principles and applications are discussed systematically.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the above output signal’s management strategies are summarized and discussed,and the future development of the output signal’s management strategies for TENG is prospected.
