The Application of Input Theory to English Classroom Teaching

Early in the 1980s,Stephen Krashen has proposed a comprehensive and overall Input Theory that explains how the second language is acquired.It is still very referential to present English classroom teaching.In this essay,applications of Input Theory to English classroom teaching are developed from six aspects,involving the nature of second language acquisition,comprehensible input and so on.

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Discrete Time-varying Systems： A Game Theory Approach

为线性分离变化时间的系统的 H 混合评价问题在这份报纸被调查，在估计的信号是状态和输入的线性联合的地方。设计目的从骚乱要求最坏的精力获得到是的评价错误不到规定水平。混合评价问题的最佳的答案是僵绳点一二播放器零和微分游戏。根据微分比赛途径，为混合评价问题的必要、足够的可解决的条件以一个 Riccati 微分方程的答案被提供。而且，如果可解决的条件满足，一个可能的评估者被建议。评估者被印射矩阵的一个获得矩阵和产量描绘，在后者反映在未知输入和输出评价错误之间的内部关系的地方。最后，一个数字例子被提供说明建议途径。

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Continuous Time-varying Systems:A Game Theory Approach

The H∞ hybrid estimation problem for linear continuous time-varying systems is in-vestigated in this paper, where estimated signals are linear combination of state and input. Designobjective requires the worst-case energy gain from disturbance to estimation error be less than a pre-scribed level. Optimal solution of the hybrid estimation problem is the saddle point of a two-playerzero sum di?erential game. Based on the di?erential game approach, necessary and su?cient solvableconditions for the hybrid estimation problem are provided in terms of solutions to a Riccati di?e-rential equation. Moreover, one possible estimator is proposed if the solvable conditions are satisfied.The estimator is characterized by a gain matrix and an output mapping matrix that re?ects theinternal relations between the unknown input and output estimation error. Both state and unknowninputs estimation are realized by the proposed estimator. Thus, the results in this paper are alsocapable of dealing with fault diagnosis problems of linear time-varying systems. At last, a numericalexample is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world's largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China's export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions'international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.

面向全息MIMO 6G通信的电磁信道建模理论与方法

全息多输入多输出(HMIMO)是6G通信中的新兴技术,相应阵列由固定物理孔径下的密布天线单元组成。全息MIMO是电磁约束下Massive MIMO天线技术的拓展。全息MIMO系统在有效提升无线通信性能方面具有极大的潜力。比如,可用最小的功率损耗实现尽可能大的连续孔径,灵活控制目标方向的电磁波传输等。但是,由于全息MIMO系统包含大量的紧密分布的天线单元,且单元之间的距离小于半波长,因而造成严重的电磁耦合作用。这些耦合使传统的独立同分布的信道假设失效。因此,如何设计一个有效且贴近实际的信道建模成为当前全息MIMO研究中最具挑战性的问题之一。针对该挑战,该文研究了基于电磁场理论的4种信道建模方式,它们都能很好描述全息MIMO系统中的电磁波传输特征。第1种是基于平面格林函数的精确信道建模方式,该方式将自由空间中点对点的格林函数扩展到平面之间积分形式的格林函数,通过积分计算来构造两个全息MIMO平面之间的通信信道,但该方法的复杂度较高。第2, 3种方法则分别采用了平面波展开和球面波展开来近似全息MIMO的通信信道,这两种方案的复杂度更低。其中,基于平面波展开的信道建模形式相对简单,更适用于远场,但是会低估单元强耦合时的最大系统容量;基于球面波展开的信道建模能更好捕捉电磁波信道几何特征,但其复杂度较高。最后介绍基于随机格林函数的信道建模方法,主要描述富散射环境或瑞利信道中电磁波的随机特性。

带输入饱和的双摆桥式起重机神经网络滑模控制

针对现代工业中输入饱和受限的双摆桥式起重机防摇摆控制问题,设计了一种基于神经网络的非奇异终端滑模控制器。首先,分析起重机的非线性动力学系统,并引入抗饱和模块将系统所需的控制力限制在驱动电机能提供的最大驱动力内;然后,采用部分状态信息反馈控制设计控制器,该控制器只需起重机小车位置、速度的反馈信息,无须实时测量吊重和摆角;之后,利用所提控制器跟踪经过规划的S形平滑函数,并用神经网络逼近起重机系统中复杂未知的非线性函数部分;最后,通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对系统状态的稳定性进行分析。仿真结果表明,所提控制器能在保证起重机小车准确定位的同时,有效抑制吊钩和重物的残余摆动,并且对外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。

互联非线性时滞系统的分散式自适应跟踪控制

为了实现系统对目标轨迹的快速准确跟踪,针对一类互联非线性时滞系统,提出了一种分散式自适应跟踪控制策略。通过使用极限学习机来处理系统中的未知非线性函数,引入Lyapunov-Krasovskii函数来处理未知时滞,结合反演控制技术和动态面控制技术,实现分散式自适应跟踪控制;基于Lyapunov稳定性理论以证明所设计的控制策略可以保证闭环系统跟踪误差一致且最终有界稳定,并借助两级化学反应釜系统验证所提控制策略的有效性。结果表明,所提控制策略能够有效处理系统中的非线性项与系统时滞,实现对目标轨迹的快速准确跟踪。所提策略能克服未知非线性和未知时滞对系统的影响,可为处理复杂非线性时滞系统提供参考。

混合级联直流输电系统整流/逆变不同控制回路动态交互作用与稳定性研究

为了研究混合级联直流输电系统整流侧和逆变侧各换流器控制系统间的交互作用,文中首先建立混合级联直流输电系统的状态空间模型,并推导得到系统的多输入多输出传递函数模型。然后针对不同的研究目标,根据单通道分析设计理论建立等效单输入单输出反馈控制模型;在此基础上,分离出不同控制回路的耦合控制通道,定量评估系统强度、逆变侧交流联络线与控制参数等对控制回路间交互作用的影响。理论分析表明,当整流侧或逆变侧交流系统强度降低时,两侧控制回路间交互作用增强;当交流联络线长度缩短时,逆变侧电网换相换流器(line commutated converter,LCC)和模块化多电平变换器(multilevel modular converter,MMC)控制回路间的动态交互增强,各控制环节参数之间存在相互制约关系。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC上搭建混合级联直流输电系统的电磁暂态详细仿真模型,验证所建立单输入单输出反馈控制模型及上述理论分析结果的正确性。

基于蝴蝶模型的线上教学改革研究

基于对澳大利亚职业生涯蝴蝶模型的借鉴、变动与拓展,将其演化为以学生为中心的“学习=内化+外化”的蝴蝶模型,进一步在克拉申语言习得输入理论的指导下,用“输入”表示内化,“输出”表示外化,得到“学习=输入+输出”的蝴蝶模型,将整个思政课程教学划分为课前、课中与课后3个阶段施以针对性教学,并明确线上教学对传统思政教学难点的突破,以此提高思政课堂教学有效性,从整体层面提升学生思政素养。

Actuation Spaces Synthesis of Lower-Mobility Parallel Mechanisms Based on Screw Theory

The lower-mobility parallel mechanism has been widely used in the engineering field due to its numerous excellent characteristics.However,little work has been devoted to the actuator selection and placement that best satisfy the system's functional requirements during concept design.In this study,a unified approach for synthesizing the actuation spaces of both rigid and flexure parallel mechanisms has been presented,and all possible combinations of inputs could be obtained,laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent optimization of inputs.According to the linear independence of actuation space and constraint space of the lower-mobility parallel mechanism,a general expression of actuation spaces in the format of screw systems is deduced,a unified synthesis process for the lower-mobility parallel mechanism is derived,and the efficiency of the method is validated with two selective examples based on screw theory.This study presents a theoretical framework for the input selection problems of parallel mechanisms,aiming to help designers select and place actuators in a correct and even optimal way after the configuration design.

Partial Quantum Tensors of Input and Output Connections

I show how many connections of Γ?are presently existing from R?to β?as they are being inputted simultaneously through tensor products. I plan to address the Quantum state of this tensor connection step by step throughout the application presented. Also, I will show you how to prove that the connection is true for this tensor connection through its output method using a small bit of tensor calculus and mostly number theory.

ADRC based control for a class of input time delay systems

This paper is concerned with the control design and the theoretical analysis for a class of input time-delay systems with stable, critical stable or unstable poles. In order to overcome the time delay, a novel feed-forward compensation active disturbance rejection control(FFC-ADRC) approach is proposed. It combines advantages of the Smith predictor and the traditional active disturbance rejection control(ADRC). The tracking differentiator(TD) is designed to predict the control signal, which adds an anticipatory control to the control signal and allows a higher observer bandwidth to obtain better disturbance rejection. The modified extended state observer(ESO) is designed to estimate both system states and the total disturbances(internal disturbance, uncertainties and delayed disturbance). Then the Lyapunov theory and the theory of the input-output stability are applied to prove the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop control system. Finally, numerical simulations show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed design.

The Implications of Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition Theory on College English Teaching

Krashen's second language acquisition theory consists of language input theory,emotion filtering theory and languageoutput theory.In order to apply Krashen's second language acquisition theory to college English teaching,it is suggested to commence from the acquisition and learning theories to optimize the teaching environment and methods.On the basis of language input theory,emotional filtering theory and language output theory,English input quality could be improved,students'learning interests could be stimulated and English practical teaching could be accelerated respectively.

GREY DISPLACEMENT INPUT－OUTPUT MODELS OF MINERAL PROCESSING－METALLURGY SYSTEM

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基于传输线理论的信道幅频特性与负载阻抗关联机制分析

电力线通信中负载阻抗多变,网络结构复杂难以分析,准确分析出负载阻抗对于提高电力线通信质量以及实现电网用户侧负荷预测具有重要意义。基于传输线理论分析了负载阻抗与电力线信道传递函数幅频特性的关联机制,根据电缆参数与网络结构,通过计算与输入阻抗相关的电流常数,对2~30 MHz的传递函数仿真,分析了不同传输线长度、节点数和负载阻抗的影响。通过与传输矩阵方法的分析对比,验证了提出方法的正确性。

动能理论视角下跨学科知识生长点成长态势分析——以图书情报领域为例

[目的/意义]知识通过跨学科引用输入目标学科,与目标学科知识合作产生跨学科知识生长点,刺激知识创新与生长。衡量跨学科知识生长点成长态势,有利于分析学科知识的交叉与融合、继承与创新,把握学科发展方向与进展。[方法/过程]文章基于动能理论与引文分析方法,提出输入推动力概念,从生长质量和传播速度两个方面构建跨学科知识生长点动能模型,测度跨学科知识生长点成长态势,并以图书情报领域为例进行实证分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,热点知识更容易受输入知识刺激生成跨学科知识生长点,并根据生长质量、传播速度和动能将跨学科知识生长点划分为成熟型、传播型和生长型三类。

Chaos Synchronization of Nonlinear Bloch Equations Based on Input-to-State Stable Control

在这份报纸，我们与外部骚乱在非线性的 Bloch 方程为混乱行为建议一个新 input-to-state 马厩(ISS ) 同步方法。第一次，基于 Lyapunov 理论和线性矩阵不平等(LMI ) 途径 ISS 同步控制器被介绍跳了不仅保证 asymptotic 得到同步而且为任何东西完成围住的同步错误骚乱。建议控制器能被解决 LMI 代表的一个凸的优化问题获得。模拟学习被介绍表明建议同步计划的有效性。

“输入输出”教学理念对中医研究生经典课程的启示

“输入输出”理论强调培养学生的自主学习意识及对所学知识的运用能力,与中医四大经典课程的教学理念相一致。本文以研究生《伤寒琢》课程教学为例,引入主题式教学模式,通过课堂提问、组织讨论、查阅文献及心得分享等多种途径,激发学生的学习积极性及主观能动性。此外,针对多维度的教学培养模式,本课程除传统主观题笔试外,又尝试引入研究生试诊、试写、试批及试讲等多种考核方式,以此检验对学生所学知识的“输出”能力,探索构建伤寒琢主题式教学课程的分类评价体系。

个体与环境互动视域下的高校学生发展——阿斯汀院校影响与高等教育评价理论评析

从个体与环境互动的视域出发,阿斯汀在对资源理论、主题理论和个性化理论进行批判性分析的基础上,综合运用多学科理论和概念,建构了以促进高校学生发展为核心目的的I-E-O模型(输入-环境-输出模型)、高校学生投入理论和高等教育增值评价理论。I-E-O模型阐释了学生输入、院校环境和学生输出三个变量之间的相互作用关系。学生投入理论指出,学生的投入程度与其发展水平成正比,高校需要采取措施促使学生在学习上投入更多时间和精力。高等教育增值评价理论指出,高校的卓越集中体现对学生发展的促进作用,卓越高校是能够促进学生才能最大程度发展的院校。阿斯汀的上述理论不但有力地推动了美国院校影响理论和高等教育评价理论的发展,为相关理论的发展奠定了坚实的基础,而且对美国高等教育政策与实践产生了积极的影响。

基于模态分解和云粒子网络的大坝基岩地震动输入研究

在大坝抗震安全评价中基岩地震动输入多采用实测数据或人工生成等方式,而当坝址仪器损坏或历史震害资料不足时,确定基岩地震动就变得尤为困难。本文提出对大坝基岩地震动进行反演的研究思路,并开发了基于经验模态分解和云粒子网络的分解—训练—反演混合模型,在不依赖场地历史震害资料的情况下,仅用少量周边测站数据即可确定大坝的基岩地震动。首先,选取坝址周边地表及基岩的地震动实测记录,采用经验模态分解法将地震加速度序列分解;其次,通过粒子群算法建立与神经网络连接权值的映射,采用云理论优化粒子群算法的全局寻优能力,建立反演模型,将分解后的加速度序列作为训练集进行反演训练;然后,选取与大坝处于相似地质情况的地表实测地震动信息,结合反演模型对大坝基岩输入地震动进行反演;最后,以紫坪铺大坝为研究实例,通过对比传统输入方法,验证该模型的适用性。结果表明:本文所提的混合模型综合性能稳定,能较好地反演地震加速度序列,模型决定系数均大于0.9,平均绝对百分比误差均在11%左右;采用本文反演得到的基岩地震动进行计算,较已有研究成果计算误差降低0.79%~17.28%,与工程实际动力响应更为吻合。本文方法可为解决大坝基岩输入地震动的获取提供一条新途径。