Factor input structure,environmental policies,and the export quality upgrade:a perspective of heterogeneity

In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.

Grey Correlation Between Agricultural Input Factors and Regional GDP Growth in Anhui Province

In order to analyze the relation between agricultural input factors and economic growth in Anhui Province,the evaluation index system of agricultural input is built from the perspectives of subject,object and tools based on grey system theory. The government investment in agricultural science and technology is selected as the index of labor subject,that is labor-related index(X1) ,the total sown area of crops is selected as the index of labor object(X2) ,the investment in rural water and electricity construction is chosen as the index of tools(X3) ,and the GDP of Anhui Province is denoted by X0. According to the relevant data,the improved model of grey correlation analysis is adopted to calculate the correlation among the investment in agricultural water and electricity construction,total sown area of crops,government investment in agricultural science and technology,and the GDP in Anhui Province during 2004-2008. Results show that investment in agricultural science and technology contribute the largest to GDP growth,the increase and change of the total sown area and the investment in rural water and electricity construction have a weak correlation with GDP,they are in a less consistent development trend. On this basis,the government of Anhui Province further proposes to increase the investment in agricultural science and technology,enhance the protection of arable lands,keep the total sown area of crops,and properly maintain the rural water and electricity construction.

Rice Growers' Behavior of Productive Capital Input and the Influencing Factors——A Case Study of the Jiamusi Area in Heilongjiang Province

This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors,using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 2009 in Huanan County and Huachuan County,Jiamusi City,Heilongjiang Province.I use Logit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the possibility of fixed productive investment.The test results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,have significant effect on whether to conduct fixed productive investment,whether there are disasters has no significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.Then I use Tobit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the scale of productive capital input.The results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level and family housing value,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,whether there are disasters,have significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.On the basis of model test results,in order to promote the rice growers to increase fixed productive input and increase productive capital input,rational recommendations are put forward as follows:raising the minimum purchase price of rice,scaling up rice growing,making every effort to promote the educational level of rice growers,ensuring that the rice growers obtain productive capital input loans timely.

Study on comparison between absolute and relative input energy spectra and effects of ductility factor

Based on 266 strong ground motion records, an attenuation relationship was developed for both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The comparison of the two kinds of input energy spectra constructed from the attenuation relationship was made in this paper. The results show that there is little difference between the absolute input energy spectra and relative input energy spectra at the periods of 0.5-1.0 s for elastic systems and at the period of 0.5 s for inelastic systems. The absolute input energy spectra are much larger than relative input energy spectra in very short period range but some less than relative input energy spectra in long period range. It is also found that the ductility factor has a significant effect on both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The absolute input energy spectra increase with the increasing of ductility factor in the period range of less than 0.3 s but decrease in the period range of larger than 0.3 s. The absolute input energy spectra for different ductility factor are almost equivalent at the period about 0.3 s, but for relative input energy spectra, the period is about 0.5 s. The effect of ductility on the relative input energy spectra in the short period range is much larger than that on the absolute input energy spectra, especially on the softer site class.

Positive Research on China’s Economic Growth Quality——Analyze the Fluctuating Situation of the Factor Input and Aggregative Productivity

To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.

Influence of Factor Input on Forestry Economic Growth of Jilin Province

Forestry is a fundamental industry of national economy. In social development of human beings,forestry plays an essential role in expanding employment,realizing rural prosperity and safeguarding ecological safety. This paper firstly introduced current development situations of forestry in Jilin Province. Then,it analyzed influence of factor input on forestry economic growth of Jilin Province by linear regression analysis method. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations.

Farmers' Behaviors on Agricultural Technology Inputs and the Influencing Factors of Their Behaviors——Based on the Investigation of 276 Rural Households in Deyang City, Sichuan Province

On the basis of expounding farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs studied by the foreign scholars; relying on the investigation data of 276 rural households in Deyang City, Sichuan Province and by using the Logistic Regression model, the farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs and the influencing factors on their behaviors are analyzed. The results show the main factors that influence farmers; behaviors on agricultural inputs are whether they have the assistance of agricultural technology personnel; the choices of plantation; non-agricultural income; area of land management; the expectation on land ownership, whether it has township enterprises and the proportion of the non-agricultural labor forces and some other factors. The influencing degree of these factors descends from strong to weak. On the strength of the study results, the countermeasures on increasing local farmers' inputs on agricultural technology are put forward from the aspects of stabilizing rural land property, establishing scientific land transfer mechanism and intensifying the governmental functions of agro-technical station.

Grey analysis of the relationship between grain output and major input factor in Guizhou Province:1983-2005

Because conditions for the grain production are not favorable and the input in the production factors ofmodern agriculture is not sufficient, the grain supply has been less than the demand for a long time. By means of greycorrelation analysis, this paper deals with the correlation situation among such input factors as the grain sown area, thetotal power of agricultural machinery, the fertilizer utilization volume, the actual irrigation area, the damage area, thenumber of farming labor force, in order to understand the major restricting and driving forces that have affected thegrain output in the recent 23 years. The analysis shows that the grain sown area and fertilizer utilization volume are thetwo most important leading factors that affect grain production in Guizhou Province, while the damage area and the totalpower of the farming-used machines are the following factors. Fertilizer utilization volume and the actual agriculturalmachinery and irrigation area are the two increasingly influential factors that affect grain production. The influence of thefarming labor force upon grain production became less strong. The main measures to increase grain production outputin Guizhou Province are to stabilize the arable land, increase the actual irrigation area, expedite the transfer of thefarming labor force and increase the input of modern agriculture.

China's low-carbon competitiveness and its effect decomposition from the perspective of wellbeing performance of ecological input

From the perspective of wellbeing performance of ecological input,this paper constructs a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation model with wellbeing performance of carbon emissions as the measurement standard,and uses the LMDI factor decomposition method to decompose the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness changes into technology effect and service effect.And then it conducts positive analysis and comparison of the low-carbon competitiveness and its effect contribution of G20 countries from1990 to 2018.The results are as follows:Firstly,in 2018,the UK,France,Argentina,Brazil,and Germany had higher low-carbon competitiveness.From 1990 to 2018,the low-carbon competitiveness of the UK,Turkey,Germany,Italy,and Brazil increase rapidly.Secondly,from 1990 to 2018,the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness of G20 member states was all positive,that is to say,the overall wellbeing performance of carbon emissions increased,technology effect and service effect are positive in 17 countries and negative in 2 countries respectively.Thirdly,China's low-carbon competitiveness is low,lacking static and dynamic advantages,although the technology effect is the highest,but the service effect is the lowest,resulting in a low total effect,which indicates that the wellbeing performance of economic growth is the main bottleneck of China's low-carbon development.Finally,the policy recommendations for China's future low-carbon transition and sustainable development are put forward.

农户种植饲草料投入产出及种植行为影响因素研究——以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗和磴口县为例

国内消费结构及农业结构调整背景下,中国畜牧业迅速发展,饲草料需求不断增加,但是国内饲草料供应不足、安全问题凸显。在“粮改饲”试点旗县进行实地调研,了解当地农户饲草料种植的投入产出情况,利用Logit、2SLS及LIML模型对农户种植饲草料行为的影响因素进行实证研究。结果显示,调查区域农户种植的饲草料主要以青贮玉米、苜蓿及燕麦草为主,种植苜蓿草的经济效益比其他饲草料高,2021年苜蓿草纯收益可达22 005元/hm^(2),比青贮玉米和燕麦草分别高出4 590元/hm^(2)元和12 180元/hm^(2),但是农户种植饲草料尤其苜蓿草的积极性并不高。探究农户选择种植饲草料行为的影响因素,发现政策激励、土地禀赋及组织制度因素对农户饲草料种植行为有显著的正向影响,提出政府应该尽快建立完善的土地流转市场体系,助力农户扩大种植规模,顺利进行种植业结构调整,加大饲草料种植面积,促进为养而种的良性循环,解决养殖业饲草料短缺问题以及鼓励各类合作社发挥合作制度优势,帮助农户降低种植饲草料的投入成本,拓宽饲草料的销售渠道,增加农民收入的对策建议。

新型基础设施建设的生产率提升效应——基于“索洛悖论”的视角

新基建是经济逆周期调节,破解区域市场分割和要素流动阻碍,建立全国统一大市场的重要抓手。利用2012-2021年中国省级面板数据,实证考察了新基建对地区生产率的提升效应。研究发现,“索洛悖论”在新基建大潮中并不符合中国实际,新基建显著提升了地区生产率。机制研究表明,新基建可通过产业结构转型升级和区域创新赋能地区生产率;财政投入抑制了新基建对地区生产率的提升效应。异质性分析发现,无论按劳动力人口流动、市场化进程、政府与市场关系,还是要素市场发育程度分组检验,结果均表明新基建对经济相对落后地区的生产率提升效应更为显著。进一步分析表明,新基建促进了地区技术进步,对技术效率没有显著影响。

深度协同感知的因子分解机

因子分解机(Factorization Machines,FM)在不同的输入实例中对每个特征产生单一的固定表示,忽略了特征的多语义特性,限制了点击率(Click-through Rate,CTR)预估模型的表示和预测能力.针对这一问题,提出一种深度协同感知的因子分解机模型,引入多语义交互感知网络和三重输入感知网络,通过多语义的特征域交互并融合不同层级的特征交互信息学习不同样本的感知因子,从而获得更加准确的特征表示.通过模型对比实验和消融实验表明:该模型可以有效提升点击率预测的准确性.

一个包含数据要素的经济增长模型:生产率效应与数据要素化

数字经济时代,数据成为独立生产要素,是科技创新的新引擎和经济高质量发展的新动能。从纯数字资产与数据匹配性投入共同组成数据要素化投入的角度理解数据生产要素化,使用数据匹配性投入综合得分对中国数据要素化投入进行时空分析和生产率效应分析。结果表明,中国数据要素化投入存在明显的区域差异,基于数据要素化投入对经济产出的积极作用,其对区域经济协调发展具有重要作用;数据匹配性投入价格持续下降会影响生产要素间的交互作用,数据生产要素的使用带来生产方式的根本变革;数据生产要素化基于数据间的互联互通和经济融合,能够加快数据确权,促进生产要素合理配置,从而推动产业创新和经济高质量发展。

数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的影响——基于产业链关联视角

文章选取上市公司年报以及投入产出表的相关数据,通过面板数据模型考察数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的影响效应及其作用机制。结果表明:数字化转型能够提升企业全要素生产率,并且在缓解内生性问题和进行一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立;数字化转型能够通过前向关联、后向关联两种渠道来增强产业链关联的创新效应和结构效应,进而促进企业全要素生产率增长;数字化转型对企业全要素生产率增长的促进作用存在行业异质性,在劳动密集型和竞争性行业的作用效果更为明显。

基于高通量监测数据的PMF源解析数据输入量研究

为探究数据输入量的变化对源解析结果的影响,以上海某工业区的大气重金属高通量监测数据为例,按不同数据量将监测数据分别输入至正定矩阵因子分解(Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF)模型中,通过考察模型中Q理论值(Qtheo)与Q计算值(Qtrue)的接近程度、源分类以及源贡献与研究区污染源分布特点的吻合情况,分析数据输入量对源解析结果的影响。结果显示:该区域大气重金属污染受工业生产主导(64.44%),其次是扬尘(19.60%)和交通运输(15.96%)。通过对数据量的考察,发现输入量为60~120时能够得出研究区域的污染源数量与贡献率,但考虑到测试成本、获取数据的时间,认为输入量为60~80时,也能得出合理的源解析结果。短期高通量的分钟级数据集,有益于PMF模型输出高精密度、高时效性的源解析结果,是解决应急污染监控的最佳手段。

产业数字化如何走“实”向“深”?——数字要素全产业链溢出的内在逻辑与测算实践

随着数字技术的持续更新迭代,数字服务逐步推进生产管理模式向平台化、系统化变革,促使产业数字化向“技术+服务”融合赋能的模式演变。本文将产业数字化解构为数字要素的产业间价值溢出过程,运用投入产出技术定量测算数字要素溢出程度及驱动因素,从而基于技术、服务双维度探究数字要素赋能产业升级的内在机制,为推动现代化产业体系建设提供理论参考。研究发现,数字技术通过替代并协同传统技术推进产业升级,而数字服务通过优化中间环节进入再生产过程,实现跨部门的协同共享与资源整合,延长并创新产业链条,提升全产业链经济效率。目前国民经济各主要部门基本转向服务主导的数字化转型阶段,产业间价值联动能力显著增强,全产业数字化增量转型的链式特征逐步显现。同时,数字技术溢出受数字创新效应驱动并通过产业自主数字创新延续,数字服务溢出受需求拉动效应影响,产业间流转缓慢,产业数字化内生动力仍待开发。

技术融合与企业出口产品质量--来自中国工业企业的经验证据

技术融合是提高科技成果转化和产业化水平、实现经济高质量发展取得新突破的关键。推动中国迈向贸易强国的背景下,研究技术融合究竟如何影响中国企业出口产品质量的问题尤为重要。使用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据作为研究样本,构建固定效应模型,系统考察技术融合对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究发现,技术融合的深化显著提升了企业出口产品质量。异质性分析表明,技术融合对企业出口产品质量的提升作用在非国有企业、非外资企业以及沿海企业中表现更为突出。机制检验发现,技术融合深化能够提升企业全要素生产率以及固定成本投入效率,最终实现企业出口产品质量升级;市场化程度以及政府支持力度会在技术融合提升企业出口产品质量过程中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应进一步深化技术融合,搭建高效的交流合作平台,加速优质要素资源流动,重点培育本土企业自主创新能力,实现出口产品质量升级。

中国战略性新兴产业投入产出表编制及部门结构分析

编制2020年战略性新兴产业投入产出表对深入考察战略性新兴产业现状、合理配置行业资源、调整产业结构具有深远意义。编制过程中的主要难点在于分离系数的确定,为此文章创新性地将时间比例因子漂移法与传统就业人数法相结合,有效提升了数据的科学性,为常常受制于数据可获得性的分离系数提供了有效参考。基于时间比例因子漂移法的编制结果表明,战略性新兴产业部门大多存在乘数效应和溢出效应强的现象,相较而言,反馈效应占比则处于弱势;战略性新兴产业需求对劳动者报酬的拉动主要是由技术更新换代较快的产业,如新一代信息技术产业所引发;进一步地,由网络密度、凝聚子群、网络出入度从供需视角观测战略性新兴产业部门间经济技术联系程度并分辨产业链中的上下游部门。

新能源企业技术创新投入对全要素生产率的影响——基于融资约束和政府补助视角

选用沪深A股2009—2022年新能源企业的面板数据,采用主成分分析和固定效应模型,经过回归分析后发现:新能源企业技术创新投入与全要素生产率呈现U型关系,这意味着只有当技术创新投入超过极值点时才会促进全要素生产率的提升;融资约束对全要素生产率的提升具有抑制作用;政府补助能调节融资约束对技术创新投入与全要素生产率的抑制作用,使全要素生产率得到提升。建议新能源企业增加技术创新投入或积极获取政府补助,以降低融资约束带来的压力,从而实现全要素生产率的提升。