Reliability Analysis on Repairable System with Dual Input Closed-Loop Feedback Link Considering Shutdown Correlation Based on Goal Oriented Methodology

Goal oriented( GO) methodology is a kind of success oriented system reliability analysis method and has been used widely.The repairable system with dual input closed-loop feedback link( DICLFL) considering shutdown correlation didn't make reliability analysis accurately based on existing GO methodology. So, a reliability analysis method used to deal with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation is provided based on GO methodology.Firstly, a new operator, which is used to describe DICLFL considering shutdown correlation,whose number is 1,is created and named as Type 9C operator. And then,the formulas of type 9C operator are derived based on Markov process theory. Finally,the new method presented in this paper is adopted to conduct the reliability analysis of an electro-hydraulic servo speed control system. The analysis result is compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation and fault tree analysis( FTA). The comparison results show that this new reliability analysis method based on GO methodology is feasible and meaningful for reliability analysis of repairable systems with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation.Meantime,it will be useful for more other applications.

Robust Output Feedback Control for a Class of Nonlinear Systems with Input Unmodeled Dynamics

The robust global stabilization problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics is considered using output feedback, where the uncertain nonlinear terms satisfy a far more relaxed condition than the existing triangulartype condition. Under the assumption that the input unmodeled dynamics is minimum-phase and of relative degree zero, a dynamic output compensator is explicitly constructed based on the nonseparation principle. An example illustrates the usefulness of the proposed method.

Neural Network Based Adaptive Tracking Control for a Class of Pure Feedback Nonlinear Systems With Input Saturation

In this paper, an adaptive neural networks(NNs)tracking controller is proposed for a class of single-input/singleoutput(SISO) non-affine pure-feedback non-linear systems with input saturation. In the proposed approach, the original input saturated nonlinear system is augmented by a low pass filter.Then, new system states are introduced to implement states transformation of the augmented model. The resulting new model in affine Brunovsky form permits direct and simpler controller design by avoiding back-stepping technique and its complexity growing as done in existing methods in the literature.In controller design of the proposed approach, a state observer,based on the strictly positive real(SPR) theory, is introduced and designed to estimate the new system states, and only two neural networks are used to approximate the uncertain nonlinearities and compensate for the saturation nonlinearity of actuator. The proposed approach can not only provide a simple and effective way for construction of the controller in adaptive neural networks control of non-affine systems with input saturation, but also guarantee the tracking performance and the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system. The stability of the control system is investigated by using the Lyapunov theory. Simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Output regulation of singular linear systems with input saturation by composite nonlinear feedback control

Composite nonlinear feedback （CNF） control techniquefor tracking control problems is extended to the output regulationproblem of singular linear systems with input saturation. A statefeedback CNF control law and an output feedback CNF controllaw are constructed respectively for the output regulation problemof singular linear systems with input saturation. It is shown thatthe output regulation problem by CNF control is solvable underthe same solvability conditions of the output regulation problemby linear control. However, with the virtue of the CNF control, thetransient performance of the closed-loop system can be improvedby carefully designing the linear part and the nonlinear part of theCNF control law. The design procedure and the improvement ofthe transient performance of the closed-loop system are illustratedwith a numerical simulation.

Observer-Based Nonlinear Feedback Controls for Heartbeat ECG Tracking Systems

The analysis and design of observed-based nonlinear control of a heartbeat tracking system is investigated in this paper. Two of Zeeman’s heartbeat models are investigated and modified by adding the control input as a pacemaker, thereby creating the control-affine nonlinear system models that capture the general heartbeat behavior of the human heart. The control objective is to force the output of the heartbeat models to track and generate a synthetic electrocardiogram (ECG) signal based on the actual patient reference data, obtained from the William Beaumont Hospitals, Michigan, and the PhysioNet database. The formulations of the proposed heartbeat tracking control systems consist of two phases: analysis and synthesis. In the analysis phase, nonlinear controls based on input-output feedback linearization are considered. This approach simplifies the difficult task of developing nonlinear controls. In the synthesis phase, observer-based controls are employed, where the unmeasured state variables are estimated for practical implementations. These observer-based nonlinear feedback control schemes may be used as a control strategy in electronic pacemakers. In addition, they could be used in a software-based approach to generate a synthetic ECG signal to assess the effectiveness of diagnostic ECG signal processing devices.

Capacity analysis of transmit beamforming with variable feedback delay

The feedback delay can severely affect the quality of the channel state information at the transmitter （CSIT） which is fed back from the receiver. The outdated CSIT will cause large performance loss in the transmit beamforming systems. The effect of variable feedback delay on the capacity of transmit beamforming systems over Rayleigh fading channels is studied. First, the case of fixed feedback delay is considered and a closed-form expression of system capacity is derived. Based on the results of fixed delay, the delay following certain distributions in variable delay case is assumed and the closed-form expressions of capacities are derived. The closed-form expressions show that the capacity is significantly affected by the statistical characteristics of the feedback delay. The obtained results provide an analytical insight into the effects caused by variable delay on the system capacity.

带有状态/输入量化的无人艇航向跟踪控制

[目的]针对水面无人艇(USV)的海上通信受限的问题,提出一种带有状态/输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制方法。[方法]基于反步法设计系统控制律,结合动态面技术降低虚拟控制律的计算量膨胀问题。对于控制系统中存在的不确定项及外界干扰,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行估计。采用均匀量化器分别对控制系统中的状态变量和控制输入进行量化,且量化后的状态反馈信息仅用于跟踪控制。利用量化状态递归设计基于ESO的USV航向控制器,证明闭环控制系统中量化变量和非量化变量间误差的有界性。[结果]基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,提出了量化误差考量及闭环系统稳定性判定方法,严格证明了所设计的带有状态量化和输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制系统的稳定性,仿真实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。[结论]结果表明,所提方法可为USV航向跟踪控制提供借鉴。

孤独症者的预测编码缺陷:前馈联结异常还是反馈联结异常?

依据预测编码理论,研究者提出预测缺陷是孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)个体感知运动、认知学习和社交言语等多领域缺陷的基础,即孤独症的预测缺陷假说(Predictive Impairment inAutism,PIA)。在PIA中,研究者基于贝叶斯和层级性推理分别提出“低先验”和“高且不灵活的预测误差精度”两个假说,然而上述假说并未得到一致证据支持。ASD个体在不同领域中不同先验的相对权重并非普遍降低,而是具有广泛的任务或情境敏感性。关于ASD个体是否具备基于环境波动调节预测误差精度的能力,也尚存分歧。此外,关于其潜在机制,是神经调节系统异常导致的自下而上前馈联结异常,还是预测脑区功能异常导致的自上而下反馈联结异常,尚无定论。由此可见,虽然该理论为ASD提供了统一的解释框架,但仍需更多研究证据进行修正和完善,以期为早期筛查和诊断、治疗和教育实践提供指导。

Output Feedback for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Unmeasurable Inverse Dynamics

This paper considers a concrete stochastic nonlinear system with stochastic unmeasurable inverse dynamics. Motivated by the concept of integral input-to-state stability （iISS） in deterministic systems and stochastic input-to-state stability （SISS） in stochastic systems, a concept of stochastic integral input-to-state stability （SiISS） using Lyapunov functions is first introduced. A constructive strategy is proposed to design a dynamic output feedback control law, which drives the state to the origin almost surely while keeping all other closed-loop signals almost surely bounded. At last, a simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the control law.

再生水投入与长江和黄河流域经济发展的互馈效应研究

基于面板向量自回归模型,收集了2011—2020年长江和黄河流域18个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,在验证了面板数据的有效性基础上,分析了模型的结果、脉冲响应函数及方差分解结果,考察了再生水投入与长江和黄河流域经济发展之间的相互作用及动态双向影响。结果表明:再生水投入与长江和黄河流域经济发展之间具有相互促进、共同发展的关系,并具有区域差异性特征;在流域经济发展对再生水投入的影响上,黄河流域的依赖性明显大于长江流域;在再生水投入对流域经济发展的影响上,黄河流域和长江流域整体上均呈现正向影响,但长江流域正向影响滞后性更强。

An Ultra Low-Voltage and Low-Power OTA Using Bulk-Input Technique and Its Application in Active-RC Filters

This paper presents the design of a two-stage bulk-input pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and its application in active-RC filters. The OTA was designed in 90 nm CMOS process and operates at a single supply voltage of 0.5 V. Using a two-path bulk-driven OTA by the combination of two different amplifiers the DC gain and speed of the OTA is increased. Rail-to-rail input is made possible using the transistor’s bulk terminal as in input. Also a Miller-Feed-forward (MFF) compensation is utilized which is improved the gain bandwidth (GBW) and phase margin of the OTA. In addition, a new merged cross-coupled self-cascode pair is used that can provide higher gain. Also, a novel cost-effective bulk-input common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit has been designed. Simplicity and ability of using this new merged CMFB circuit is superior compared with state-of-the-art CMFBs. The OTA has a 70.2 dB DC gain, a 2.5 MHz GBW and a 70.8o phase margin for a 20 PF capacitive load whereas consumes only 25 μw. Finally, an 8th order Butterworth active Biquadrate RC filter has been designed and this OTA was checked by a typical switched-capacitor (SC) integrator with a 1 MHz clock-frequency.

含有输入时滞的非线性系统的输出反馈采样控制

针对含有输入时滞和低阶非线性项的非线性系统,提出一种基于采样机制的无记忆输出反馈控制方法.该方法移除了传统预测控制方法预测映射难以确定的限制,同时避免了时滞依赖方法对过去时刻状态信息的依赖性,在实际中更易实现.首先,根据系统输出在采样时刻的信息,利用加幂积分技术和齐次占优思想设计了无记忆输出反馈采样控制器.然后,利用齐次系统理论提出了闭环系统的稳定性条件.最后,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性.

SINR-BASED ANTENNA COMBINING FOR MULTIUSER MIMO-OFDM WITH LIMITED FEEDBACK

A multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) broadcast channel is considered where both transmitter and receivers are equipped with multiple antennas. The Channel State Information (CSI) is quantized and provided through limited feedback links. In the first part of this work, the Maximum Expected SINR Combining (MESC) strategy for feedback decrease is investigated. Then a combination of MESC with subcarrier assigning is presented to further reduce the feedback load. The basic idea is the subcarriers are partitioned into resource blocks. For each block, only one quantized channel vector is feedback. The simulation results show MESC can obtain the performance gain over the relevant combiner strategies in MIMO-OFDM system. Moreover the effectiveness on the reduction of feedback overhead by the use of partitioning blocks in the studied system is evaluated.

具有输入时滞和预设性能的非线性系统有限时间动态面控制

针对一类具有输入时滞和动态不确定性的非严格反馈非线性系统的跟踪问题,提出一种新的基于预设性能的有限时间自适应跟踪控制方案.利用Pade逼近和辅助中间变量将有时滞系统转化为无时滞系统,采用由一阶辅助系统生成的动态信号处理未建模动态,引入双曲正切函数实现预设性能跟踪控制,并给出基于动态面控制方法的稳定性分析.在MATLAB环境中,以具有未建模动态和输入时滞的二阶非线性系统为例,对所提出的控制策略进行数值仿真.结果表明:所提出的控制方案能够避免现有有限时间控制所出现的虚拟控制求导奇异性问题,所有信号有限时间有界,跟踪误差收敛到预设的时变区间,可见控制算法切实有效.

考虑输入时滞的舵机伺服系统自适应指令滤波输出反馈控制

针对舵机伺服系统运行过程中存在复杂非线性以及信号输入时滞、使系统的精度降低,严重时甚至造成系统失稳的问题,提出了一种考虑输入时滞的自适应指令滤波输出反馈控制策略。首先,将系统中存在的输入时滞考虑为控制器信号输入时滞,给出舵机伺服系统状态方程,选用梯度下降法设计时滞估计律对未知时滞进行估计;其次,将系统中存在的复杂非线性统一为扰动,选用扩展状态观测器(ESO)加以估计,将观测的系统状态值用于设计控制量实现输出反馈控制;然后,选用指令滤波将高阶求导过程转化为求积分,实现信号滤波以抑制微分噪声;最后,基于Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函稳定性定理证明控制器实现系统有界稳定。仿真及实验表明,所提的控制方法与传统反步控制方法、自抗扰控制和比例微分积分(PID)控制方法相比,响应时间分别提升了92%、88%和51%,跟踪精度分别提升了90%、84%和26%。

带输入饱和的双摆桥式起重机神经网络滑模控制

针对现代工业中输入饱和受限的双摆桥式起重机防摇摆控制问题,设计了一种基于神经网络的非奇异终端滑模控制器。首先,分析起重机的非线性动力学系统,并引入抗饱和模块将系统所需的控制力限制在驱动电机能提供的最大驱动力内;然后,采用部分状态信息反馈控制设计控制器,该控制器只需起重机小车位置、速度的反馈信息,无须实时测量吊重和摆角;之后,利用所提控制器跟踪经过规划的S形平滑函数,并用神经网络逼近起重机系统中复杂未知的非线性函数部分;最后,通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对系统状态的稳定性进行分析。仿真结果表明,所提控制器能在保证起重机小车准确定位的同时,有效抑制吊钩和重物的残余摆动,并且对外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。

一类不确定级联链式非完整系统的自适应镇定控制

本文研究一类带有未建模动态及未知参数的级联链式非完整系统的自适应输出反馈镇定问题.通过构造动态增益观测器与自适应估计器,借助反步递推方法提出了一种新的自适应输出反馈镇定控制方案.本文应用切换控制策略克服了非完整系统不能够通过连续反馈实现镇定控制的困难.文中设计的控制律保证了闭环系统在原点渐近镇定且状态渐近收敛于零.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.

输入饱和约束下自适应RBF神经网络非线性反馈船舶航向控制

针对输入饱和约束下外界扰动和模型不确定情况下的船舶航向跟踪控制问题,提出一种自适应径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络非线性反馈航向跟踪控制方法。利用自适应RBF神经网络对外界扰动和模型不确定项进行估计,并利用最小学习参数法减少计算量;将一个具有误差增益反相关特征的非线性函数嵌入控制律中,设计一种非线性反馈控制方法;利用李雅普诺夫理论证明所有信号在考虑外界扰动和模型不确定的船舶航向跟踪控制系统中都是一致有界的。通过仿真和比较,验证了所设计控制方法的有效性。所做研究可为输入饱和约束下船舶航向跟踪控制提供参考,具有工程实际意义。

混合级联直流输电系统整流/逆变不同控制回路动态交互作用与稳定性研究

为了研究混合级联直流输电系统整流侧和逆变侧各换流器控制系统间的交互作用,文中首先建立混合级联直流输电系统的状态空间模型,并推导得到系统的多输入多输出传递函数模型。然后针对不同的研究目标,根据单通道分析设计理论建立等效单输入单输出反馈控制模型;在此基础上,分离出不同控制回路的耦合控制通道,定量评估系统强度、逆变侧交流联络线与控制参数等对控制回路间交互作用的影响。理论分析表明,当整流侧或逆变侧交流系统强度降低时,两侧控制回路间交互作用增强;当交流联络线长度缩短时,逆变侧电网换相换流器(line commutated converter,LCC)和模块化多电平变换器(multilevel modular converter,MMC)控制回路间的动态交互增强,各控制环节参数之间存在相互制约关系。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC上搭建混合级联直流输电系统的电磁暂态详细仿真模型,验证所建立单输入单输出反馈控制模型及上述理论分析结果的正确性。