Research on Inter-turn Short-circuit Fault Diagnosis Method Based on High Frequency Voltage Residual for PMSM

Inter-turn fault is a serious stator winding short-circuit fault of permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM). Once it occurs, it produces a huge short-circuit current that poses a great risk to the safe operation of PMSM. Thus, an inter-turn short-circuit fault(ITSCF) diagnosis method based on high frequency(HF) voltage residual is proposed in this paper with proper HF signal injection. First, the analytical models of PMSM after the ITSCF are deduced. Based on the model, the voltage residual at low frequency(LF) and HF can be obtained. It is revealed that the HF voltage residual has a stronger ITSCF detection capability compared to the LF voltage residual. To obtain optimal fault signature, a 3-phase symmetrical HF voltage is injected into the machine drive system, and the HF voltage residuals are extracted. The fault indicator is defined as the standard deviation of the 3-phase HF voltage residuals. The effectiveness of the proposed ITSCF diagnosis method is verified by experiments on a triple 3-phase PMSM. It is worth noting that no extra hardware equipment is required to implement the proposed method.

Set-Membership Filtering Approach to Dynamic Event-Triggered Fault Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Time-Varying Complex Networks

The present study addresses the problem of fault estimation for a specific class of nonlinear time-varying complex networks,utilizing an unknown-input-observer approach within the framework of dynamic event-triggered mechanism(DETM).In order to optimize communication resource utilization,the DETM is employed to determine whether the current measurement data should be transmitted to the estimator or not.To guarantee a satisfactory estimation performance for the fault signal,an unknown-input-observer-based estimator is constructed to decouple the estimation error dynamics from the influence of fault signals.The aim of this paper is to find the suitable estimator parameters under the effects of DETM such that both the state estimates and fault estimates are confined within two sets of closed ellipsoid domains.The techniques of recursive matrix inequality are applied to derive sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired estimator,ensuring that the specified performance requirements are met under certain conditions.Then,the estimator gains are derived by minimizing the ellipsoid domain in the sense of trace and a recursive estimator parameter design algorithm is then provided.Finally,a numerical example is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed estimator.

Unknown Input Extended Kalman Filter and Applications in Nonlinear Fault Diagnosis

Unknown input observer is one of the most famous strategies for robust fault diagnosis of linear systems, but studies on nonlinear cases are not sufficient. On the other hand, the extended Kalman filter （EKF） is wellknown in nonlinear estimation, and its convergence as an observer of nonlinear deterministic system has been derived recently. By combining the EKF and the unknown input Kalman filter, we propose a robust nonlinear estimator called unknown input EKF （UIEKF） and prove its convergence as a nonlinear robust observer under some mild conditions using linear matrix inequality （LMI）. Simulation of a three-tank system “DTS200”, a benchmark in process control, demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of the UIEKF as an observer for nonlinear systems with uncertainty, and the fault diagnosis based on the UIEKF is found successful.

Robust Fault Detection and Isolation Based on Finite-frequency H__/H_∞ Unknown Input Observers and Zonotopic Threshold Analysis

This work proposes a robust fault detection and isolation scheme for discrete-time systems subject to actuator faults,in which a bank of H_/H∞ fault detection unknown input observers(UIOs) and a zonotopic threshold analysis strategy are considered. In observer design, finite-frequency H_ index based on the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov lemma and H∞ technique are utilized to evaluate worst-case fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation performance, respectively. The proposed H_/H∞ fault detection observers are designed to be insensitive to the corresponding actuator fault only, but sensitive to others.Then, to overcome the weakness of predefining threshold for FDI decision-making, this work proposes a zonotopic threshold analysis method to evaluate the generated residuals. The FDI decision-making relies on the evaluation with a dynamical zonotopic threshold. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Analysis on the fault characteristics of three-phase short-circuit for half-wavelength AC transmission lines

Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the construction and operation of HWACT to analyze its fault features and corresponding protection technology. In this paper, the steady-state voltage and current characteristics of the bus bar and fault point and the steady-state overvoltage distribution along the line will be analyzed when a three-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault occurs on an HWACT line. On this basis, the threephase fault characteristics for longer transmission lines are also studied.

Adaptive fault-tolerant controller design for airbreathing hypersonic vehicle with input saturation

The problem of fault-tolerant control is discussed for the longitudinal model of an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle （AHV） with actuator faults and external disturbances. Firstly, a fault-tolerant control strategy is presented for the longitudinal model of an AHV, which guarantees that velocity and altitude track their reference trajectories at an exponential convergence rate. However, this method needs to know the minimum value of the actuator efficiency factor and the upper bound of the external disturbances, which makes it not easy to implement. Then an improved adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed, where two adaptive laws are employed to estimate the upper bound of the external disturbances and the minimum value of the actuator efficiency factor, respectively. Secondly, the problem of designing a control scheme with control constraints is further considered, and a new adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy with input saturation is designed to guarantee that velocity and altitude track their reference trajectories. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Robust Fault-Tolerant Control for Longitudinal Dynamics of Aircraft with Input Saturation

A robust fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed for the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft with input saturation,using the anti-windup method and the fault detection observer technology.To estimate the system fault,a detection observer is designed for the longitudinal dynamics,and a fault-tolerant control law is developed to compensate for the fault effects of the longitudinal dynamics.Then,an anti-windup compensator is augmented into the fault-tolerant control law to eliminate the effect of input saturation.Using linear matrix inequality(LMI)technology,the detection observer based fault-tolerant controller is designed to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the detection observer.Finally,the developed robust fault-tolerant control scheme is applied to the longitudinal model of an aircraft and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Distributed fault diagnosis observer for multi-agent system against actuator and sensor faults

Component failures can cause multi-agent system(MAS)performance degradation and even disasters,which provokes the demand of the fault diagnosis method.A distributed sliding mode observer-based fault diagnosis method for MAS is developed in presence of actuator and sensor faults.Firstly,the actuator and sensor faults are extended to the system state,and the system is transformed into a descriptor system form.Then,a sliding mode-based distributed unknown input observer is proposed to estimate the extended state.Furthermore,adaptive laws are introduced to adjust the observer parameters.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with numerical simulations.

Short-circuit fault analysis and isolation strategy for matrix converters

The behavior of matrix converter(MC) drive systems under the condition of MC short-circuit faults is comprehensively investigated. Two isolation strategies using semiconductors and high speed fuses(HSFs) for MC short-circuit faults are examined and their performances are compared. The behavior of MC drive systems during the fuse action time under different operating conditions is explored. The feasibility of fault-tolerant operation during the fuse action time is also studied. The basic selection laws for the HSFs and the requirements for the passive components of the MC drive system from the point view of short-circuit faults are also discussed. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed isolation strategies.

Remedial Phase-Angle Control of a Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant Permanent- Magnet Vernier Machine With Short-Circuit Fault

A fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier(FT-PMV)machine incorporates the merits of high fault-tolerant capability and high torque density.In this paper,a remedial phase-angle control(RPAC)strategy is proposed for a five-phase FT-PMV machine with short-circuit fault.Firstly,the proposed strategy can reduce the amount of unknown quantities by structuring the phase-angles of the normal phases.It can simplify the calculation of the remedial currents.Then,in order to obtain the desired torque,only the amplitudes of the remedial currents need to be calculated.Based on the principle of instantaneous electrical input power and mechanical output power balance condition,the real components are used to maintain the torque capability,while the reactive components are limited zero to minimize the torque ripple.Both simulations and experiments are presented to verify the proposed RPAC strategy.

A Robust Fault Detection and Isolation Scheme Based on Unknown Input Observers for Discrete Time-delay System with Disturbance

This paper proposes a robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme for discrete time-delay system with disturbance. The FDI scheme can not only detect but also isolate the faults. The lifting method is exploited to transform the discrete time-delay system into the non-time-delay form. A generalized structured residual set is designed based on the unknown input observer (UIO). For each residual generator, one of the system input signals together with the corresponding actuator fault and the disturbance signals are treated as an unknown input term. The residual signals can not only be robust against the disturbance, but also be of the capacity to isolate the actuator faults. The proposed method has been verified by a numerical example.

基于未知输入观测器的电液执行器容错控制研究

电液执行器(EHA)中的传感器或执行器故障,会导致系统不稳定,存在安全隐患。为了解决这些问题,提出并研发了一种用于EHA的容错控制补偿技术。建立其数学模型,利用PID控制器进行位置跟踪控制,通过重构的未知输入观测器实现对干扰和传感器故障的诊断和误差补偿;利用容错控制补偿技术,可以提高EHA运行的可靠性和稳定性,确保控制器的稳定性及其跟踪性能。通过数值模拟和实验,证明了所研发的容错控制补偿技术的有效性。

计及动力部分损失的动车组精准停车自适应模糊控制

列车执行器未知故障引起的动力部分损失、列车模型参数不确定和未知外界干扰可能会造成停车精度降低进而影响运行效率,为解决上述问题影响下的动车组速度跟踪和精准停车问题,考虑设计一种输入饱和的自适应控制方案。首先,考虑列车的非线性,建立执行器复合故障下的多质点列车动力学模型,使用存在有界逼近误差的光滑非线性函数来逼近饱和函数,并根据中值定理将非仿射系统转换为仿射系统。其次,基于动车组故障模型,结合自适应模糊逻辑系统和反步法设计一种不需要执行器故障信息的自适应模糊容错控制器,利用自适应模糊逻辑系统逼近系统中未知外部干扰、模型不确定项等系统函数,并通过使用范数估计方法使得每个模糊逻辑系统只需要一个自适应参数,降低系统自适应更新律的复杂度。然后,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性定理证明闭环系统所有信号均有界,并且通过选取适当的控制器参数可保证跟踪误差收敛到原点附近任意小的邻域内。最后,选取CRH5型动车组作为控制对象进行仿真试验。仿真数据显示:控制器可以确保动车组平稳运行,同时使得最终停车误差在±0.5 cm以内,并且控制输入始终在受限范围内。仿真结果说明所设计的控制器可以在执行器复合故障和输入饱和同时存在的情况下完成预期控制目标并有效抑制外界干扰与模型不确定的影响。

基于异构输入和改进集成学习的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对传统滚动轴承故障诊断无法利用多维故障信息以及仅关注总体正确率而较少考虑类别间诊断均衡性的问题,构建了一种具有异构输入的滚动轴承集成学习故障诊断方法。为此,首先发展了基于多域异构输入和特征融合的复合结构分类器(hybrid structured network model,H-NET),相比单网络结构模型增加了输入的多样性和特征稳健性;其次,针对传统Adaboost集成学习未考虑类别间分类均衡性的问题,引入类别权重提出了H-NET训练策略,将其与Adaboost算法融合建立了改进的集成学习方法。验证结果表明:采用H-NET相对单网络结构模型可以提高故障诊断的正确率和均衡性;同时,基于改进后集成学习构建的故障诊断模型在保证总体正确率同时提升了强分类模型的稳健性。最后与文献中方法进行对比,进一步表明了该方法的优越性。

基于双模式分解多通道输入的VSC-STATCOM逆变器故障诊断模型

针对传统电压源型静止同步补偿器中逆变器故障诊断存在的信号特征提取不充分,深度学习网络识别能力不足以及高噪声情况下识别率较低等问题,提出了一种基于双模式分解、多通道输入(MCI)、并行卷积神经网络(PCNN)、双向长短时记忆(BiLSTM)网络和自注意力(SA)机制组合的逆变器故障诊断方法。首先利用变分模态分解和时变滤波经验模态分解对逆变器输出的三相电流进行分解,降低原始信号复杂程度,实现不同模态分量间的规律互补;其次,利用MCI-PCNN-BiLSTM-SA组合模型对特征矩阵进行深层特征提取、学习和识别;最后,通过仿真进行验证,结果表明所提方法特征提取能力较强,在无噪声情况下平均识别率高达99.48%,在高噪声情况下平均识别率达95.59%。

跨断层工程结构研究中地震断层作用研究综述

强震断层地震动的破坏作用主要表现为断层破裂引起的方向性效应和断层盘间错动引起的滑冲效应。其中断层盘间的滑冲错动会使跨断层结构面临严峻的错断风险,是跨断层结构抗错断设计、分析和进行防灾减灾决策必须考虑的内容和前提。但目前有关跨断层工程结构设计地震动的确定尚缺乏统一的方法和规定。通过对近年来跨断层结构破坏机理研究中的输入地震动,尤其是模型试验中地震动的选取和加载方式的归纳与总结,分析了断层作用地震动选取和加载方法的特点与局限性。针对现阶段强震断层地震动选用和试验加载方式中存在的问题进行探讨,提出断层作用下设计地震动的选取思路和方法,以期为跨断层工程研究输入地震动的选用提供借鉴,也为强震断层地震动模拟方法的研究提供参考。

基于宽度学习的航天器编队分布式姿态协同容错控制

针对具有惯性不确定和执行器故障的航天器编队姿态协同控制问题,利用宽度学习系统的逼近特性对系统的广义扰动和执行器故障进行估计,同时采用迟滞量化器对控制力矩信号进行量化,以降低对通信速率的要求,并减少抖振现象。在此基础上,提出一种基于模型预测控制和快速非奇异积分终端滑模的复合结构容错控制器。利用代数图论和Lyapunov理论分析了闭环姿态系统的稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了本文提出的控制方法与现有方法相比的优越性。

基于事件触发的水面无人艇无模型容错饱和控制

针对外界未知扰动、无人艇模型动态参数无法获取、推进器饱和及故障水面无人艇轨迹跟踪控制问题,本文提出一种基于事件触发的水面无人艇无模型饱和容错控制方法。利用无模型参数滑模控制结构,使参数误差收敛至残差集。该方法对参数变化具有良好的鲁棒性能。控制器中引入饱和函数及容错方法来补偿由于执行机构故障和饱和所产生的推力损失。为节约有限的通信资源和系统能量,在执行机构和控制器之间部署事件触发机制,采用事件触发通讯机制产生分段控制信号,降低执行机构的更新频率。仿真结果表明所提出基于事件触发的饱和容错方法能够使跟踪误差和速度误差收敛至可容许范围内,证明所提算法的优越性和可靠性。

具有输入量化和执行器故障的非线性多智能体系统的自适应包容控制

研究了一类具有输入量化、外部扰动及动态领导者的非线性严格反馈多智能体系统的自适应容错包容控制问题.通过建立带有未知估计的阻尼项、正时变积分函数、一阶滤波器和补偿信号的参数更新律,提出了一种自适应反步控制方案.该方案在补偿滤波误差的同时在虚拟控制律中引入新的光滑函数来降低量化的影响,利用有界估计法克服了故障只能发生有限次的限制,保证所有跟随者的输出收敛于领导者的输出所形成的凸包内,且所有的信号都是有界的.仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性.

机车牵引变流器输入侧接地故障诊断策略研究

机车运用过程中,为区分不同点接地故障,一般通过判断接地电压传感器的接地电压波形变化特征进行区分。为精确判断出有运用风险的输入侧接地故障点,对牵引变流器输入回路进行了研究,针对目前机车牵引变流器发生输入侧接地故障时未对不同接地点接地电压波形进行区分的故障判断逻辑,通过分析输入回路不同点发生接地时,接地电压的变化特征,提出针对输入回路不同点发生接地故障后的优化检测判断逻辑。通过半实物仿真和地面试验验证,表明采用通过区分接地电压变化特征,优化输入侧接地判断逻辑,对输入回路接地点的接地故障判断更加精准,极大地降低因发生输入侧接地故障导致的停车机破事故,提升机车运用的可靠性。